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(a) shifting cultivation

(a) Shifting Cultivation(b) Jatis(c) Paiks(d) Banjaras

(a) - Shifting Cultivation(b) - Banjaras(c) - Jatis(d) - Paiks

A - shifting cultivation

Scheduled caste communities were considered avarna, or outside the existing varna system. They were considered to be a section of people in Hindu society who are not from the four major varnas, i.e., Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra.

Vegetative propagation is one mode of asexual reproduction in plants.

Vegetative propagation is the production of new plants from the vegetative parts of the plant. Roots, stems and leaves are called the vegetative parts of a plant. Vegetative propagation takes place by different methods like Grafting, Leaf propagation, Root propagation, underground stem propagation etc.

Basic human needs of food, air , clothing and shelter are satisfied by nature. b. We are endowed with large number of natural resources like forest, wind, wildlife, water, which are used by human beings to satisfy his basic wants and needs. ... Nature would have enough to satisfy one's need but not for one's greed.

TheFundamental Rights,Directive Principles of State PolicyandFundamental Dutiesare sections of theConstitution of Indiathat prescribe the fundamental obligations of the states to its citizens and the duties and the rights of the citizens to the State.[note 1]These sections comprise a constitutionalbill of rightsfor government policy-making and the behaviour and conduct of citizens. These sections are considered vital elements of the constitution, which was developed between 1947 and 1949 by the Constituent assembly of India.

TheFundamental Rightsare defined as the basichuman rightsof all citizens. These rights, defined in Part III of the Constitution, applied irrespective of race, place of birth, religion,caste, creed, or gender. They are enforceable by the courts, subject to specific restrictions. TheDirective Principles of State Policyare guidelines for the framing of laws by the government. These provisions, set out in Part IV of the Constitution, are not enforceable by the courts, but the principles on which they are based are fundamental guidelines for governance that the State is expected to apply in framing policies and passing laws.

TheFundamental Dutiesare defined as the moral obligations of all citizens to help promote a spirit of patriotism and to uphold the unity of India. These duties, set out in Part IV–A of the Constitution, concern individuals and the nation. Like the Directive Principles, they are not enforceable by courts unless otherwise made enforceable by a parliamentary law.

Guiding values of the Indian constitution: a)We, the people of India b)Sovereign c)Socialist d)Secular e)Democratic f)Republic g)Justice h)Liberty I)Equality j)Fraternity

give an account of the judicial administration in Madras between 1639to 1726

TheConstitutionguarantees sixfundamental rightstoIndiancitizens as follows: (i)rightto equality, (ii)rightto freedom, (iii)rightagainst exploitation, (iv)rightto freedom of religion, (v) cultural and educationalrights, and (vi)righttoconstitutionalremedies.

Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory.

Suchrightsare calledfundamental rights. The Constitution guarantees sixfundamental rightsto Indian citizens as follows: (i)rightto equality, (ii)rightto freedom, (iii)rightagainst exploitation, (iv)rightto freedom of religion, (v) cultural and educationalrights, and (vi)rightto constitutional remedies.

Fundamental rightswere deemedessentialto protect therightsand liberties of the people against the encroachment of the power delegated by them to their government. ... The object the inclusion of them in theconstitutionis to establish a government of law and not of man. The object is to establish rule of law.

The Constitution guarantees six fundamental rights to Indian citizens as follows: (i) right to equality, (ii) right to freedom, (iii) right against exploitation, (iv) right to freedom of religion, (v)culturaland educational rights, and (vi) right to constitutional remedies.

How to start my book

a soft mixture of sand and cement and sometimes lime with water, for spreading on walls, ceilings, or other structures, to form a smooth hard surface when dried.

a white powder that mixes with water to form a paste that hardens quickly and is used for casts and molds.

a white powder that mixes with water to form a paste that hardens quickly and is used for casts and molds.

Short Notes on Sumptuary Laws in France

(i) Sumptuary laws (1294 to 1789) were laws which imposed social codes of food and dress upon different strata of society in France.

(ii) These laws were meant to emphasise social hierarchy and control behaviour of those considered 'social inferiors', i.e., the unprivileged.

(iii) They prevented social inferiors from wearing certain clothes and consuming certain foods and beverages associated with the aristocracy. As per these laws only royalty could wear expensive materials like ermine and fur, or silk, velvet and brocade.

(iv) Thus items of clothing a person could buy and use for clothing were regulated not only by income but by social rank.

France is a European country.

Here European sounds similar to 'Y', not 'E'. So you should use 'a'.

The answer should be France is a European country.

Paris is the capital of France.

Paris is the capital of France

France became a constitutional monarchy after the National Assembly completed the draft of the constitution in 1791 with the objective of reducing the powers of the monarch. Powers were separated and assigned to different institutions like the legislature, executive and judiciary. The power to make laws was vested with the indirectly elected National Assembly. A group of electors, who were voted by the citizens, chose the assembly.Please hit the like button if this helped you

These provisions were given just after the independence when the tribal people were lacking behind in getting basic human rights. These provisions were made to help them grow and get to the level of other people in the country.

It seeks to amend theScheduled Castesand theScheduled Tribes(Prevention ofAtrocities)Act, 1989. TheAct prohibitsthe commission of offencesagainstmembers of theScheduled CastesandScheduled Tribesand establishes special courts for the trial of such offences and the rehabilitation of victims

1.gond2.khasi3.kukiis the right answer...

1) kuki2) khashi3) gonda

1)gond 2)khasi 3) kuki

1.Gond 2.khasi 3.Kuki

1)gond2)khasi3)kukiis the right ans

The tribes in India form an important part of the total population. It represents an element in Indian society which is integrated with the culture mosaic of our civilisation. The tribal population of India constitutes nearly 8 percent of the total population.There are a number of tribes in India, spread over different parts at different levels of socioeconomic development. They live all over the country from the foot hill of the Himalayas to the lands tip of Lakshadweep and from the plains of Gujarat to the hills in the North-East. According to 1991 census, the numerical strength of the scheduled tribes in India stood at 52.03 million. Bihar leads all other States as regards the tribal population. It is followed by Maharashtra and Orissa.The names of tribes like the Kurumba, the Irula, the Panga in South India; the Asura, the Saora, the Oraon, the Gond, the Santhal, the Bhil in Central India; the Bodo, the Ahom in North-East India; are found in old classical Indian literature.

A social division in a traditional society consisting of families or communities linked by social, economic, religious, or blood ties, with a common culture and dialect, typically having a recognized leader

Characteristics of Tribal Society.

The chief characteristics of a tribe are the following: Common definiteterritory, commondialect, common name, common religion and common culture. They have strong sense of unity and any stranger is attacked with bows and arrows.

The Magadha Empire was the most powerful Kingdom in Ancient India.It had powerful kings like Bimbisara, Ajatasatru, Dhana Nanda, ChandraguptaMaurya, etc.

This rise of Magadha Imperialism is unique in Indianhistory.The political history of India from the earliest times till thepresent day is an endless story of struggle between the forces of concentrationand decentralization.

In the sixth century B.C., India obtainable the chronicsymptom of disintegration. The Aryan India in the North was divided into,sixteen countless kingdoms and a number of republican, autonomous states.

Out of the mix of political atoms, four empiresviz., Avanti, Vatsa, Kosala and Magadha,MagadhaEmpirerose into prominence by aggrandizingupon other weaker states. They entered into a four-power battle for imperial reignwhich ended in the ultimate victory ofMagadhaKingdomoverthem. It is the first successful attempt for grand and dynastic unification ofIndia in the period of recorded history.

One of themain factors behind the rise of Magadhan Control was her economic solvency andgrowing prosperity. Magadha had a vast population which could be employed inagriculture, mining and for manning her army. The Sudras and the non-Aryanscould be employed in clearing up the forest and reclaim surplus land for undeveloped.The surplus populace could easily live on the yield of the surplus land. TheMagadhan lands were very fertile due to its location between the Ganges and theSon. In the 4thCentury B.C. that the Magadhan lands yieldedmultiple crops round the year. People of Magadhan Empire became prosperous dueto fertility of the land and the government became automatically rich andpowerful.

With the42nd Amendmentof theConstitution of Indiaenacted in 1976,the Preamble to the Constitution asserted that India is a secular nation. However, neither India's constitution nor its laws define the relationship between religion and state. The laws implicitly require the state and its institutions to recognise and accept all religions, enforce parliamentary laws instead of religious laws, and respect pluralism.India does not have an officialstate religion. In matters of law in modern India, however, the applicable code of law is unequal, and India's personal laws - on matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, alimony - varies with an individual's religion. Muslim Indians haveSharia-basedMuslim Personal Law, while Hindu, Christian and Sikh Indians live undercommon law. The attempt to respect unequal, religious law has created a number of issues in India such as acceptability ofchild marriage,polygamy, unequal inheritance rights, extra judicial unilateral divorce rights favorable to some males, and conflicting interpretations of religious books.

Secularism as practiced in India, with its marked differences with Western practice of secularism, is a controversial topic in India. Supporters of the Indian concept of secularism claim it respects. Supporters of this form of secularism claim that any attempt to introduce auniform civil code, that is equal laws for every citizen irrespective of his or her religion, would impose majoritarian Hindu sensibilities and ideals.Opponents argue that India's acceptance of Sharia and religious laws violates the principle ofEquality before the law.

Secularism is a divisive, politically charged topic in India.

Secularism is a system of social organization and education where religion is not allowed to play a part in civil affairs.It is a belief system that rejects religion, or the belief that religion should not be part of the affairs of the state or part of public education. The principles of separation of church and state and of keeping religion out of the public school system are an example of Secularism.

Ans :- Secularism, as defined in the Merriam-Webster dictionary, is the "indifference to, or rejection or exclusion of, religion and religious considerations." As a philosophy, secularism seeks to interpret life on principles taken solely from the material world, without recourse to religion.

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secularismis the principle of the separation of government institutions and persons mandated to represent the state from religious institution and religious dignitaries (the attainment of such is termed secularity).

Socialism:Socialism means that everyone must enjoy social and economic equality. Under Social equality, everyone must have equal status and opportunities.

Secularism:The Preamble states that India is a secular country. This means that there will be no state religion. All religions will be treated equally.

Federalism:Indiahas a federal from of government. This means that our country is governed at two levels, i.e. at the center and at the state.

Liberty:Liberty indicates absence of any subjective restraints on individual freedom for her/his holistic development.

Secularism is a belief system that rejects religion, or the belief that religion should not be part of the affairs of the state or part of public education. The principles of separation of church and state and of keeping religion out of the public school system are an example of secularism.

Secularism, as defined in the Merriam-Webster dictionary,[1]is the "indifference to, or rejection or exclusion of, religion and religious considerations." In different contexts the word can refer to anticlericalism, atheism, desire to exclude religion from social activities or civic affairs, banishment of religious symbols from the public sphere, state neutrality toward religion, the separation of religion from state, ordisestablishment(separation of church and state).

1) Name of socrates student is Plato

2)Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1861

3)Lincoln abolished slavery

It was in 1794 that the Convention passed a law to free allslavesinFrenchoverseas possessions. But this lasted only for 10 years because when Napoleon Bonaparte became the emperor ofFrancein 1804, he reintroducedslavery. In 1848,Slaverywas finallyabolished in Frenchcolonies

(i) The laws allowing the British Government to restrict import of corn is known as "Corn Law".

(ii) These laws were abolished because the industrialistsand urban dwellers were unhappy with high food prices; as a result of which they forced the abolition of the Corn Laws.

Food could be imported into Britain at a more cheaper rate.

A final resolution for the prohibition of indentured labour was proposed by Madan Mohan Malaviya on 20th March 1916. This was also defeated, but with assurances were given once again by the Government of India that indentured migration would end once suitable alternative systems were in place.

Social movement.Social movementsare large informal groupings of individuals and/or organizations focused on specific political orsocialissues. They are a type of group action.Thefour types of social movementsdiscussed in this lesson were alternative, redemptive, reformative, and revolutionary. Alternativesocial movementsare at the individual level and advocateforminor change

Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar protested against caste system by burning the book 'Manusmriti'.

there are some options :-1. Sri Narayan Guru2. A.K.Gopalan3. B.R.Ambedkar4. Jogendranath Mondal

The British allotted the right to trade in forest products in specific areas to British companies. Activities like grazing and hunting were restricted in these areas which held economic importance through forest produce. The Grazing Act restricted grazing and hunting in these areas. Native communities like Koravas, Karachas and Yerakula which traditionally depended on grazing, hunting and collecting forest produce were grouped under the Criminal Tribes Act. Thus, not only did these communities lose their livelihood but were also distrusted and branded for the British's economic gains.

Government shouldformulate rules and regulationssothat producersshouldmaintain a certain minimum level of quality. ... Consumergroupsshouldincrease public awareness aboutconsumerrights.

There are several laws to protect the tribes of India and their environment. These are routinely flouted. Consider the tribes of Odisha who continue to die of starvation, their ancestral lands and forests taken away, for example, bauxite mining and big factories. When the forest brigand Veerappan was being chased by the Special Task Force the tribal women were the main victims of their lust. Forests which belonged to the tribals were taken over by the British and later by the brown Sahibs, laws were passed to preserve the forest to the detriment of the tribals who couldn't cut a bamboo without harassment by the authorities.

Forest and wildlife1927 - The Indian Forest Act and Amendment, 1984,is one of the many surviving colonial statutes. It was enacted to ‘consolidate the law related to forest, the transit of forest produce, and the duty leviable on timber and other forest produce’.1972 - The Wildlife Protection Act, Rules 1973 and Amendment 1991provides for the protection of birds and animals and for all matters that are connected to it whether it be their habitat or the waterhole or the forests that sustain them.

1986 - The Environment (Protection) Actauthorizes the central government to protect and improve environmental quality, control and reduce pollution from all sources, and prohibit or restrict the setting and /or operation of any industrial facility on environmental grounds.