Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

Among the railways which were developed after Independence, the construction of Konkan Railway is the most important one. In the year 1988, Konkan railway’s construction was completed. It is 7 60 km long which extends along the western coastal line from Roha in Maharashtra to Mangalore in Karnataka. It crosses over 146 rivers and streams, 2000 bridges and 91 tunnels. This railway line has longest railway tunnel (6.5 1cm), of Aisa and because of this railway, Mumbai is directly connected to Mangalore.

Central Government started this railway project in March 1990 and it was constructed and completed by Konkan Railway Nigam Ltd. on January 26, 1998. It is the biggest railway project in peninsular India. Under this, a 750 km long railway line connects Roha station in Maharashtra in the west coast to Mangalore station in Karnataka. There are 2000 bridges (including 179 big . bridges) and 91 tunnels on the way. One tunnel in Ratnagiri district in Maharastra is 6.5 km long, and over the river Sharavati, there is a 2065.8 m long bridge.

Konkan railway project is extended from Roha, which is near Mumbai, to Mangalore in Karnataka.

The transportation taking place through the rivers, seas etc. of the country is knows as Inland water transport.

Obstacles faced by Inland waterways are as follows: 

1. The seasonal nature of rivers. 

2. Change in water level. 

3. Sediment deposit in rivers. 

4. Waterfalls in rivers. 

5. Bifurcating canals from perennial rivers leading to shortage of water. 

6. Salinity of coastal rivers.

Metro rail facility helps in reducing road traffic and controlling air pollution in metropolitan cities.

Under the National Highway development project of the central government, the golden quadrilateral project is an ambitious project of Late Prime Minister Mr Atal Bihari Vajpayee, which plans to connect four major metropolitan cities – Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai – through – six lane highways. This project has a total length of 5846 km and estimated expenditure would be about 540 billion rupees.

Correct Answer is: (b) Mumbai

(a) Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai

1. These highways help in connecting far off and distant places and they also provide continuous flow of traffic. 

2. They connect major cities, state capitals, ports and railway junctions. 

3. They are most useful in transporting goods to strategically important areas.

Central government is responsible for the construction and control of National Highways.

Correct Answer is: (d) 235

The construction, development and maintenance of state highways is done by the state government. These highways connect state capitals to district centers and other important cities. They also connect national highways. Only 4% of total Indian Roads fall under state highway category.

The unequal distribution and density of roads in India are the result of regional disparities. In developed states, it is found more – In Kerala (378.24 km/ 100 sq. km) as compared to North mountainous regions, mainly in Jammu and Kashmir (10.48 km/100 sq. km) (which is less). Generally, roads are found more in sourthern states and in northern plains, whereas, in mountainous and desert areas, only a minimal structure is found, 

which is due to the following reasons:

1. Different land structure and topography of the region. 

2. Different economic picture of states. 

3. Different environmental factors. 

4. The condition of development of states.

In May 1960, Border Roads Organisation (BRO) was established to develop and maintain road network in north east border which was important with strategic perspectives of the country. Apart from connecting roads in sensitive areas, BRO is also responsible for clearing snow in high mountainous regions. BRO was also established with the objective to strengthen the defence system of the country.

State Highways are constructed and maintained by state government.

The Cape of Good Hope.

Water Transportation is ideal for the movements of bulky heavy large quantities of commodities as well as perishable products. As such the oceans are considered as the natural high ways of the world. 

Some of the important ocean routes are:

• The Northern Atlantic Sea Route: It connects North Eastern USA & North Western Europe, the two industrially developed regions of the World. The North Atlantic Sea Route is the busiest Route in the world and called “The Big Trunk Route”.
• The Mediterreanean Sea Route: This Route passes through the heart of the old world and serves more countries. 
• The Cape of Good Hope Sea Route: The Cape of Good Hope Sea Route is the oldest route of the World, Discovered by Vasco-Da-Gama in 1948. Many Ships follow this route to avoid Heavy Taxation at the Suez canal.
• The North-Pacific Sea Route: The North-Pacific sea route connects the ports are Vnconver, Seattle, Postland, Sanfrancisco, Losangles on American side and Yakohoma, Kobe, Shangai, Hanking, Manila, Singapore on the Asia side.
• The South Atlantic Sea Route: The Eastern Coast of South America with Western Coast of South America with Western Coast of Africa and Europe. This route is not well developed.
• Shipping Canals: The shipping canals are most important and plays a crucial role in the World transport pattern. The Major shipping canals in the world are – The Suez and the Panama Canals.

The Mediterraneas sea route: It passes through the heart of the old world and serves more countries. It passes through the Suez Canal, South of Asia and connects South East and East Asia on one hand and also Australia and New Zealand on the other hand. A variety of products are transported through the route, in this the crude oil is the most important, west bound product from the Middle east region.

The Suez Canal: It was first visualised by Napolean Bonaparte, but it was constructed by British in Egypt between Port said in the north and Port Suez in the South which connects the Mediterranean and Red Sea. It is.narrpw with 190 kms long & 19 meters deep. It is the gateway to the Indian Ocean and reduces the distance compared to the Cape of Good Hope.

Europe has the highest density of rail. Network in the world. It has about 4,40,000 kms of railway track.

• Marmary is the first continental under water railway line. It is between Asia and Europe. It is about 13Kms through Bosporus strait (sea of Marama) & was opened in 2013. 
• Railways are more in Russia. From Moscow major lines radiating to different parts of the Country. 
• North America has one of the most extensive rail Networks accounting for nearly 40% of the World’s total. 
• Chile rail route connects the coastal centres, mining centres as well as interior. Peru, Bolivia, Eurador, Colombia, Venezuela.
• In Asia rail Network is the most dense in Japan, China & India. Japan has 20,035 kms of rail routes. 
• Africa has 82,000 kms of Railway route in which 18000 kms lies in South Africa alone due to the concentration of gold, diamond and copper mines. Africa has many major railway route which connects Benguela, Katanga, Zambia, Botswana, Zimbabwe. 
• The Tranzam-great Churn railway is connecting the Copper mines of Zambia with the port of Dar-es-Salam of Tanzania. 
• The Benguela railway links the Copper mines of Zaire with the Atlantic coast ports via Angola. 
• The Blue train run for from Cape Town to Pretoria in the republic of South Africa. 
• The Algeria, Senegal, Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia railway lines connects the port cities to interior centres.

13,70,782 kms.

Pan American highway which connects Alaska – Canada – United States – Mexico.

Europe is the highest density of Rail network in the world.

The means of carrying heavy goods and large number of passengers for long distance through the Trains.

The means of carrying Goods and Passengers by road from one place to another place.

An Artificial body in orbit around the Earth or another planet in order to collect and distribute information one place to another.

To consolidate and strengthen his vast empire expanding from Indus valley (Pakistan) to Sonar valley of Bengal, Sher Shah Suri constructed a royal highway. This highway, which linked Kolkata to Peshawar, was renamed Grand Trunk (G.T.) Road during the British Raj. Presently, this road extends form Amritsar to Kolkata and is divided into two parts:

1. National Highway – 1 (NH – 1) – (Delhi to Amritsar). 

2. National Highway – 2 (NH – 2) – (Delhi to Kolkata).

Correct Answer is: (c) New Delhi

(1) The children have stopped on the road divide.

(2) They have stopped there to cross the road due to heavy traffic.

(3) The children are rubbing their eyes, coughing and closing their ears.

(4) The noise and air pollution due to transport routes is troubling them.

(1) The Bus

(2) The bus should do PUC to control the smoke given out.

1. Going to study at a friend’s house who lives near by [a] 

2. Going to your school which is about one kilometre away. [b] 

3. Taking materials to a science exhibition in another town. [c] 

4. Going to a wedding in the next town. [d]

Road transport occupies a very important role in linking the villages and towns because a large number of people live in rural areas in Karnataka. Roads can be constructed easily, at low cost. People and goods can be transported to every corner of the state. Development of road determines the progress of the state’s agriculture, industry, mining, and commerce.

1. District Roads

2. 14.

3. “Namma Metro Rail Transport”.

4. New Mangaluru.

5. Konkan Railway.

Correct option is (c) global

Modem means of transport speeds up facilities of tourism, health and education.

(a) time , (c) effort

Airports Authority of India is responsible for providing Air transport in India.

Correct option is (d) walking

Traffic accidents cause injuries, deaths and damage to the vehicles.

The advantages of using a bicycle are as follows:

1. Physical exercise 

2. Small loads can be carried 

3. Pollution free 

4. Self-reliance 

5. Saves time 

6. Can be stored in a small space 

7. Saves money 

8. Less crowding of vehicles on the streets

After the nationalization of Air transport in the year 1953, all the companies were merged into two major corporations, namely: 

1. Indian Airlines.

 2. Air India.

Due to transport facilities:

1. Work gets done soon. 

2. Time and effort are saved. 

3. Trade is facilitated easily. 

4. Connection to different parts of the world easily. 

5. It has improved lifestyle by education and health services

Banyan, Peepul, Neem, Karanj.

Due to transport, we are able to get vegetables and fruits. Milk is supplied on time. We are able to go to the market and malls. We are able to visit relatives and friends.

Correct option is (a) pollution

Correct option is (c) biodiversity

Constant traffic through forest areas can harm the habitat of plants and animals living there so, the wild animals in these forests migrate elsewhere.

From Bangalore to Hyderabad by “Deccan Airways” in the year 1946.

The central government passed the National Waterways Bill in 2015.

The newspaper named “Samachar Darpan” introduced by ‘Hicky’s Gazette’ in the year – 1779.