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Correct Answer is: (a) Proteins.

Correct Answer is: (d) Six.

Correct Answer is: (c) Iron.

(c) Carbohydrates.

Correct Answer is: (a) Fats.

Correct Answer is: (d) Proteins.

Correct Answer is: (a) Thyroid.

Correct Answer is: (c) Vitamin-B.

Sources of minerals salts: 

1. Vegetation or Plant sources: Cereals, pulses, soyabean, apples, carrot, green coriander, mint, bitter gourd etc. 

2. Animal Sources: Meat, egg, fish etc. Liver is the best source of Iron, sea food – is the excellent natural source of iodine.

It is also found in drinking water, cereals and vegetables. Potassium is found in green leafy vegetables and pulses. It strengthness the heart muscles. Sodium chloride found in the body helps in the digestion of protein. Sulphur helps in the digestion of food. Its deficiency may result in the falling of hair and decaying nails. We get it from fruits, fig, onion, peas, egg, fish etc.

It is necessary for healthy skin, gums and joints. It also helps in clotting of blood and healing of wounds. It is also known as ‘Scurvy preventive Vitamin. Its deficiency affects the growth of the child, blood vessels become weak, wounds take time to heal and the gums start bleeding and there is likelihood of anaemia.

(d) balanced nutrition.

Body requires a number of different minerals as calcium, potassium, sulphur, phosphorus, iodine, iron etc. Calcium and Phosphorus build strong bones and teeth. Iron helps to form hemoglobin. Calcium also helps in clotting of blood. In case of deficiency of calcium, bleeding following injuries does not stop fast. Iodine helps in the functioning of the thyroid gland. Minerals in general, activate the digestive system and maintain the normal functioning of blood and other liquids in the body.

Principles of Taking Food (Eating):

1. Cleanse your mouth, hands and feet before taking meals. 

2. Be calm, peaceful and tension free and relaxed before eating. 

3. Do not eat stale food. 

4. Eat when hungry. 

5. Do not overeat and be not fussy about foods. 

6. Take light food. 

7. Chew your food well and eat slowly.

Our body needs energy to function properly both physically and mentally. We get energy from the food we eat.

Components ofbalanced diet are protein, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, water, minerals.

Correct Answer is: (a) Amla

(b) Take stale food

Correct Answer is: (a) Vitamin A

Malnutrition is a state of bad nutrition leading to under-nutrition or over-nutrition. This can be due to either lack of essential nutrients or excess of certain nutrients. Malnutrition may be in the state of under-nutrition or over- nutrition or unbalanced food.

Malnutrition Diseases:

1. Disease of Protein deficiency. Kwarshiokar. 

2. Vitamin-A Deficiency diseases: Night blindness, Toad skin, Dry conjuctivitis. 

3. Vitamins-B Deficiency diseases: Beri-Beri, Pellagra, Ulceration. 

4. Vitamin-C Deficiency diseases: Rickets 

5. Minerals deficiency diseases: Anaemia, Goitre.

Vitamin A: 

This vitamin helps to keep the eyes and skin healthy. Its deficiency causes weak eyesight and colds.

Vitamin B: 

This vitamin is known as ‘B’ complex because it has atleast 12 vitamins. Together these vitamin help in proper working of nervous system and proper digestion of food.

Vitamin C: 

This vitamin is necessary for healthy skin, gums and joints. It helps in clotting of blood and healing of wounds. This vitamin prevents scurvy. 

Vitamin D: 

This vitamin is required for strong and healthy bones and teeth. Its deficiency causes the disease Rickets.

Vitamin D is necessary for strong teeth and bones. Deficiency results in Rickets. The sources of Vitamin D are Sun’s rays, egg yolk, fish oil, etc.

Goitre is caused by the deficiency of iodine. Its symptoms are enlargement of thyroid gland, swelling of neck, stunted physical growth etc.

Vitamins are chemical substances found in food. They are vital for the proper functioning of body. They are required in small amounts but their functions are very important. Their absence in food may cause deficiency diseases.

Whatever the food we take, it performs so many functions after digestion and absorption. 

The functions of foods are as under:

1. It helps for the growth and development of the body. Food helps us in the development of the various organs of our body.

2. Provide strength. It gives us the strength to do various activities. To perform these activities the power comes from the food.

3. Produce energy in our bodies. When the food after absorption mixes with the oxygen which we inhale, produces energy in our body. This energy is very necessary for us. We cannot live without energy.

4. Construct new cells and repair old ones. Food repairs the broken cells and also produces new cells due to the activities of our body. So many cells destroy and much of them are broken. It is the food which creates new cells.

5. Prevent diseases. Food is to human-machine what petrol is to an automobile. It creates strength in our body which enables us to fight against diseases

Food is such type of material which produces blood in our body.

1. Formation of new cells.
2. Food supplies energy to body.
3. Food supplies heat to body.
4. Food helps in growth and development of body.

Vitamins are such chemical materials which help our body for proper growth and development. By now many vitamins have been discovered but the most prominent of all these are vitamins A, B, C, D and K.

Need of Vitamins to Our Body:

• Vitamins maintain our health.
• Vitamins help in the growth and development of our body.
• Vitamins increase appetite.
• Vitamins purify our blood and increase blood in our body.
• Vitamins strengthen the bones and teeth.
• Vitamins help us to create immunity in our body.
• Vitamins cure the skin diseases.
• Vitamins provide energy to our body.

Calorie. The smallest unit to measure food constituents is called a calorie.

Milk:

Milk is an ideal and whole food. It has got all the essential nutrients. It has 3.6% fat, 3.4% protein, 4.8% carbohydrates,0. 7% salts and 7.5% water. Milk is given to growing children because it is a complete food. At home patient is also given milk which acts as complete food.For good health milk serves as balanced diet.

All the essential nutrients as portein, carbohydrates, fat, minerals, salts, water,vitamins are available in milk in right proportion. All these nutrients have different functions to perform in our body. Milk is considered to be an ideal food as it has all the essential nutrients including vitamins, though it does not have iron.

Balanced Diet. Balanced diet is the diet which has all the nutrients in right proportion, and which is capable of fulfilling all the needs of the body. It should have all nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, salts and water in proper proportion. Such a diet needs to be taken for the proper development of body, protection from diseases and good health. No single item of food is balanced diet in itself. Only milk is an exception, as it has got almost all nutrients.