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301.

Match the column :Column AColumn B(1) Sir Edward Sharpey Schafer(a) Chemically synthesized DNA sequence of insulin(2) Hakura(b) Discovery of insulin(3) Gilbert and Villokomaroff(c) PCR(4) K. Mullis(d) Insulin production using rDNA technology

Answer»
Column AColumn B
(1) Sir Edward Sharpey Schafer(b) Discovery of insulin
(2) Hakura(a) Chemically synthesized DNA sequence of insulin
(3) Gilbert and Villokomaroff(d) Insulin production using rDNA technology
(4) K. Mullis(c) PCR
302.

Who discovered recombinant DNA(r-DNA) technology ?A. James D. WatsonB. Har Gobind KhoranaC. Walter Sutton and Oswald A veryD. Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer

Answer» Correct Answer - D
303.

First protoplast fusion was done by :A. Jacob and MonodB. Watson and CrickC. Harris and WatkinsD. Kornberg and Khorana

Answer» Correct Answer - C
304.

Cloning is meant to :A. preserve the genotype of the organismB. produce hGH gene in E. coliC. replace the original oneD. all of the above

Answer» Correct Answer - A
305.

Protoplasts of two different species are fused in:A. micropropagationB. somatic hybridizationC. clona propagationD. organography

Answer» Correct Answer - B
Somatic hybridization or Parasexual hydridization is the technique of production of hybrids through the fusion of protoplasts from different genetic backgrounds. It takes place by the removal of cell wall by digestion with a combination of pectinase and cellulase.
306.

A clone is a group of individuals obtained through :A. hydridizationB. self pollinationC. cross pollinationD. vegetiative propagation

Answer» Correct Answer - D
307.

Recently cloned species is :A. Dolly - goatB. Molly - sheepC. Dolly - sheepD. None of these

Answer» Correct Answer - C
308.

The first mammalian clone 'Dolly' was created by :A. Ian WilmutB. T.H. MorganC. Thomas KingD. Robert Briggs

Answer» Correct Answer - A
309.

Read the following statement having two blanks (A and B): 'A drung used for ____(A) _____ patients is obtained from a species of the organism ______(B) _______.' The one correct option for the two blanks is :A. `{:("Blank -A","Blank-B"),(AIDS,"Pseudomonas"):}`B. `{:("Blank -A","Blank-B"),("Heart","Penicillium"):}`C. `{:("Blank -A","Blank-B"),("Organ-transplant","Trichoderma):}`D. `{:("Blank -A","Blank-B"),("Swine flu","Monascus"):}`

Answer» Correct Answer - C
310.

Use of transgenic plants as biological factories for the production of special chemical is calledA. Molecular farmingB. Molecular geneticsC. Molecular mappingD. Dry farming

Answer» Correct Answer - A
311.

First fermented acid isA. Gluconic acidB. Lactic acidC. Fumaric acidD. All the above

Answer» Correct Answer - B
312.

In Western blotting proteins are labelled withA. antibodiesB. LectinsC. ProbesD. Both (a) and (b)

Answer» Correct Answer - d
313.

What are transgenic animals. Give an example.

Answer»

Animals whose DNA is manipulated to posses and express an extra (foreign) gene, e.g. Rosietransgenic cow.

314.

PCR requires very high temperature conditions where most of the enzymes get denatured. How was this problem resolved in a PCR ?

Answer»

The thermostable DNA polymerase is used which is isolated from a bacterium called Thermus aquaticus. It remains active during the high temperature and induces denaturation of double stranded DNA.

315.

What do you mean by a clone?

Answer»

The cell or organism derived from the same parents by asexual mean which are genetically identical to each other and to the parent are called clones.

316.

Rajesh was doing gel electrophoresis to purify DNA fragments. Given below is the sketch of the observations of the experiment performed by him.(a) At which end he would have loaded the samples and where ? (b) Analyse the reason for different positions taken up by the DNA bands. (c) Elaborate the step he would have followed to visualize DNA bands.

Answer»

(a) He would have loaded the samples near end A, in the wells. 

(b) The DNA fragments separate (resolve) according to their size through sieving effect provided by the agarose gel. Hence, the smaller type fragment size, the farther it moves

(c) After staining the DNA with ethidium bromide followed by exposure to UV radiations the DNA bands appear coloured.

317.

What is elution?

Answer»

The separated band of DNA (after gel electrophoresis) are cut out from agarose gel and DNA is extracted from the gel piece. This step is called elution.

318.

Which of following feature is not necessary for cloning vectorA. Origin of replicationB. High copy numberC. Selectable markerD. Cloning sites

Answer» Correct Answer - B
319.

Differentiate between rDNA and cDNA.

Answer»
rDNAcDNA
It is the DNA which is formed by joining together the DNA from two different organisms.It is the DNA which is obtained from RNA template catalysed by reverse transcriptase enzyme.
320.

Rajesh was doing gel electrophoresis to purify DNA fragments. Given below is the sketch of the observations of the experiment performed by him.a. At which end he would have loaded the samples and where?b. Analyse the reason for different positions taken up by the DNA bands.c. Elaborate the step he would have followed to visualise DNA bands.

Answer»

a. He would have loaded the samples near end A; in the wells.

b. The DNA fragments separate (resolve) according to their size through sieving effect provided by the agarose gel. Hence, the smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves.

c. After staining the DNA with ethidium bromide followed by exposure to UV radiations the DNA bands appear coloured.

321.

Restriction enzmes areA. Not always required in genetic engineeringB. Essential tool in genetic engineeringC. Nucleases that cleave DNA at specific sitesD. 2 & 3 both

Answer» Correct Answer - D
322.

Assertion : If any piece of DNA is somehow transferred into an alien organism,, most likely, this piece of DNA would not be able to multiple itself in the progeny cells of the organism Reason :For the multiplication of any alien piece of DNA in an organism it needs to be a part of a chromosome (s) which has a specific sequence known as origin of replication.A. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertionB. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertionC. If assertion is true but reason is falseD. If both assertion and reason are false

Answer» Correct Answer - A
If any piece of DNA is somehow transferred into an alien organism, most likely, this piece of DNA would not be able to multiply itself in the progeny cells of the organism, because for the multplication of any alien piece of DNA in are organism it needs to be a part of a chromosome(s) which has a specific sequence known as origin of replication
323.

Write the possible source of RNA interference (RNAi) gene.

Answer»

The source of RNA gene could be from an infection by viruses having RNA genomes or mobile genetic elements (transposons) that replicate via an RNA intermediate.

324.

Give definition of the following :Gene therapy

Answer»

Gene therapy is the treatment of genetic disorders by replacing, altering or supplementing a gene that is absent or abnormal and whose absence or abnormality is responsible for the disease.

325.

Give definition of the following :Passenger DNA

Answer»

Passanger DNA is the foreign DNA which is inserted into a cloning vector.

326.

Give definition of the following :Transduction

Answer»

Inserting a viral vector in cloning procedures is called transduction.

327.

Give definition of the following :Gene library

Answer»

Gene libarary is a collection of different DNA sequences from an organism where each sequence has been cloned into a vector for ease of purification, storage and analysis.

328.

DNA fingerprint profile will be exactly same ofA. siblingsB. offspringsC. identical twinsD. fraternal twins

Answer» Correct Answer - c
329.

The first transgenic cow isA. PinkiB. DollyC. RosieD. Elli

Answer» Correct Answer - c
330.

In a chromosome, there is a specific DNA sequence, which is responsible for initiating replication, known asA. vectorB. origin of replicationC. recognition sequenceD. marker gene

Answer» Correct Answer - b
331.

Change in the sequence of nucleotide in DNA is called asA. MutagenB. MutationC. RecombinantionD. Translation

Answer» Correct Answer - B
Mutation is alteration of nucleotide sequence of genome of an organism. It refers to the changes that occurs in DNA sequence due to mistakes durig replication of DNA or due to any other mutagen present in environment.
332.

What is true of plasmidA. Plasmids are widely used in gene transferB. These are found in virusC. Plasmid contain gene for vital activitiesD. These are main part of chromosome

Answer» Correct Answer - A
Plasmids are widely used as cloning vectors. Gene of interest is inserted into these plasmids and then transferred to the hosts for cloning of DNA molecule.
333.

Some of the characteristics of Bt-cotton are :A. High yield and production of toxic protein crystals which kill dipteran pestsB. High yield and resistance to bollwormsC. Long fibre and resistance to aphidsD. Medium yield, long fibre and resistance to beetle pests

Answer» Correct Answer - B
334.

Name the source organism from which Ti plasmid is isolated. Explain the use of this plasmid in biotechnology.

Answer»

Ti plasmid is isolated from Agrobacterium tumifaciens. Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumifaciens has been modified into a cloning vector, which is not pathogenic to plants but still is able to use the mechanisms to deliver genes of interest into plants.

335.

The construction of the first recombinat DNA was done by using the native plasmid of :A. E. coliB. Salmonella typhimuriumC. B. thuringiensisD. Yeast

Answer» Correct Answer - B
336.

Identify the plasmid :A. AIU IB. Hind IIIC. Eco RID. pBR322

Answer» Correct Answer - D
337.

The plasmid pBR322 used in biotechnology is :A. YeastB. `M_(32)` phageC. ParasiteD. Cloning vehicle

Answer» Correct Answer - D
338.

(a) State the role of DNA ligase in biotechnology. (b) What happens when Meloidegyne incognitia consumes cells with RNAi gene ?

Answer»

(a) Linking of DNA fragment is done by DNA ligase/ linking of Okazaki fragments or discontinuous synthesis fragments / linking of desired gene with plasmid to form recombinant DNA.

(b) Specific mRNA of the nematode silenced, parasite dies.

Detailed Answer : 

(a) The linking of antibiotic resistance gene with the plasmid vector became possible with the enzyme DNA ligase, which acts on cut DNA molecules and joins their ends. This makes a new combination of circular autonomously replicating DNA created in vitro and is known as recombinant DNA. 

(b) When Meloidogyne incognita (parasite) consumes cells with RNAi gene, parasite cannot survive and this prevents infestation. The introduced RNAi gene DNA forms both sense and anti-sense RNA. Two strands being complementary to each other bend and form ds RNA, leading to RNAi. Thus, the mRNA of nematode is silenced ,and the parasite cannot survive there.

339.

Explain the application of biotechnology in producing Bt cotton. 

Answer»

Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacteria, and has been expressed in plants, to provide resistance to insects (without the need for synthetic insecticide), Bt toxin gene forms protein crystals, These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein. Bt toxin protein exists as inactive protoxin in the host, but once the insect ingests the inactive toxin, it is converted into active form of toxin, due to alkaline pH of the gut which solubilises the crystals, causing death of the insect.

340.

Explain the application of rDNA technology to produce insulin.

Answer»

Human insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone. The pro-hormone contains an extra C-peptide. The C-peptide is not present in mature insulin, and is removed during maturation, Eli-Lily-an American company prepared two DNA sequences, corresponding to A and B  chains of human insulin, and introduced them in plasmids of E. coli to produce insulin chains, Chain A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined, by creating disulphide bonds.

341.

Which of the following represents a cosmid?A. Plasmids + filamentous phageB. Ti plasmid + phageC. Plasmid + `lambda` phageD. None of the above

Answer» Correct Answer - c
342.

E. coli cloning vector pBR322 showing restriction sites ori and antibiotic resistance genes is given below. Select the correct option . A. A-Hind III, B-Eco RI, C-Bam HI, D-Sal IB. A-Eco RI, B-Hind III, C-Bam H I , D-Sal IC. A-Eco RI , B-Bam H I, C-Hind III, D-Sal ID. A-Bam H I , B-Eco RI, C-Sal I, D- Hind III

Answer» Correct Answer - B
343.

(a) Why are certain cotton plants called Bt cotton plants ? (b) Explain how Bt cotton ts resistant to pests.

Answer»

(a) Certain cotton plants are called Bt cotton because specific Bt toxin genes were isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into these cotton plants.

The proteins encoded by the genes cryIAc and cryIIAc control the cotton bollworms, and that for cryIAb control corn borer.

(b) Specific Bt toxin genes were isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into several crop plants such as cotton. The choice of genes depends upon the crop and the targeted pest, as most Bt toxin insect-group specific. The toxin is coded by a gene named cry. There are a number of them, for example, the proteins encoded by the genes crylAc and cryAb control the cotton boll worms, that of crylAb controls corn borer.

344.

pBR322 contains genes for resistance againstA. ampicllinB. letracyclinC. pericillinD. Both (a) and (b)

Answer» Correct Answer - d
345.

Short note on :Insulin.

Answer»

1. Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by β - cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. 

2. Insulin is essential for the control of blood sugar levels. 

3. Disease Diabetes mellitus is caused due to inability to make insulin. 

4. Insulin was discovered by Sir Edward Sharpey Schafer (1916) while studying Islets of Langerhans. 

5. Hakura et al (1977) chemically synthesized DNA sequence of insulin for two chains A and B and separately inserted into two PBR322 plasmid vector.

Gilbert and Villokomaroff, 1978 produced insulin production using r-DNA technology. 

1. The recombinant plasmids, containing insulin gene inserted by the side of β-galactosidase, were transferred into E. coli host. 

2. The host produced penicillinase pnd pre-pro insulin. 

3. Insulin is later separated by trypsin treatment.

346.

Short note on :Golden rice.

Answer»

1. Golden rice is a transgenic plant developed by Swiss researchers. 

2. It contain genes from the soil bacterium Erwinia and either maize or daffodil plants. 

3. These plants are biofortified to have high content of vitamin A. 

4. The golden colour is due to vitamin A. 

5. Consumption of golden rice and golden mustard can reduce occurrence of vitamin A deficiency diseases (VAD).

347.

In nature, the function of restriction enzymes is to :A. to cut plasmidsB. destroy phage DNAC. splice DNA in a cellD. destroy foreign DNA in animal cells

Answer» Correct Answer - B
Restrction endonucleases normally protect the host cell by destroying phage DNA after its entrance. Cell protect their own DNA from restriction enzyme by methylating nucleotides in the sites that these enzymes recognize.
348.

Bacteria protect themselves from viruses by fragmenting viral DNA upon entry withA. methylaseB. endonucleaseC. ligasesD. exonuclease

Answer» Correct Answer - b
349.

Bacteria protect themselves from viruses by fragmenting viral DNA upon entry with :A. ligaseB. gyraseC. exonucleaseD. endonuclease

Answer» Correct Answer - D
350.

Yeast cells have been transformed with Yep vector containing our gene of interest. How would you select the recombinants over cells not containing the plasmid?

Answer»

Yep contains LEU 2 gene which codes for an enzyme required for the synthesis of amino acid leucine. Recombinant yeast cells will grow on a medium lacking leucine and hence can be selected over cells not containing the plasmid (which cannot grow on such a medium).