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X = (6-6)/5 = 0

Y = (-10+15)/5 = 1

By Euclid’s Division lemma

726 = 275 ×2+176 

275 = 176 ×1 + 99 

176 = 99 ×1+77 

99 = 77 × 1+22 

77= 22 ×3 + 11 

22 = 11 × 2 + 0 

HCF = 11 

Ecological Environment.

Values:

(i) Social Responsibility

(ii) Concern for the society

(iii) Respecting differences

(a) that what did she see first in. 

(b) it was her mother’s smiling face. 

(c) its when she comes to wake her up. 

(d) that she had become very naughty.

(a) he could not call his English tutor. 

(b) he had cancelled that day’s class. 

(c) his phone was dead 

(d) there was no other

(a) why he did not leave that place. 

(b) drop him on his way back home. 

(c) where he had come from. 

(d) he had come from Tunisia.

Correct option (a) Wholesale price index

Good morning, respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends! I stand before you to speak on the importance of regular studies. Our parents and teachers force us constantly to focus on the study regularly. But we ignore this by saying that, “I can prepare for the exam easily in last days”. Now it has become a fashion to study at last night of the exam. But according to the survey, it has been proven that those students who study regularly, deliver far better result than the other students who study at the last night. Whenever you prepare for the exam, your regular study plays an important role. You might have read many articles of toppers, who say that regular study helped them to get this position. Yes that is the key for success. You can do the best preparation with the help of regular studies. And you will need only a quick revision at the time of exam. It helps to make the notes on the regular basis. When you do regular study, it boosts your confidence level. By regular studies you only have to study a small portion everyday and studies never appear horrifying. Remember procrastination is the enemy of regular studies! 

So I urge you to develop the habit of regular studying not only to do well but also to beat stress.

Correct option a.  Creative efforts

The total number of periods in modern periodic table are seven.

Transpiration.

Antherozoids are motile male gametophytes which have to swim on the water surface to fertilize the immotile female gametophytes, i.e., egg. Since, during its transfer many antherozoids get destroyed, a large number of them are produced.

Healthy banana plants can be obtained from diseased plants by meristem culture. Although the plant is virus infected, the meristem apical and axillary is free of virus. The meristem is removed from the plant and grown in vitro by micropropagation. The plants produced are virus-free.

By tissue culture technique.

Use of apical or lateral meristem in micropropagation technique can produce thousands of virus free plants.

Meristemetic tissues are virus free.

Angiosperms produce non-motile gametes. They reach the female gamete with the help of air or water.

Spirulina can be grown easily on materials like waste water from potato processing plants, straw, molasses, animal manure and even sewage, to produce large quantities. It serves as a food rich in protein, minerals, fats, carbohydrate and vitamins, being environment friendly.

When the animals are not able to tolerate the stressful conditions like low temperature, they hibernate to avoid the stress by escaping in time since they can not migrate.

Macrophages destroy the microbes (by phagocytosis) and provide protection against diseases.

Honey and Beeswax

The pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch are called Phyllotaxy.

Phyllotaxy is of three types :

(i) Alternate: In alternate phyllotaxy, a single leaf arises at each node in alternate manner, as in China rose, mustard and sunflower plants.

(ii) Opposite: In opposite type of phyllotaxy, a pair of leaves arise at each node and lie opposite to each other as in Calotropis and guava plants.

It is two types: (i) Opposite Superposed: e.g., Quisqualis.

(ii) Opposite Decussate: e.g., Calotropis.

(iii) Whorled: If more than two leaves arise at each node and form a whorl, it is called as whorled, as in Alstonia.

(a) Eli Lilly prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to the A and B chains of human insulin, by the process of reverse transcription. 

(b) Sticky ends were produced in the Escherichia coli plasmid and the insulin gene by treating them both with the same restriction endonucleases. 

(c) These two are then joined together by the enzyme DNA ligase. 

(d) The bacteria are then grown in sterilised bioreactors in the appropriate growth medium. 

(e) The chains A and B are produced separately, extracted and purified. 

(f) These two chains are then combined by creating disulfide bonds to form human insulin.

Plasmids are extra-chromosomal, self-replicating, usually circular, double-stranded DNA molecules found naturally in many bacteria. 

In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company, first prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of E. coli to produce insulin chains. These chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulfide bonds to form human insulin (humulin).

Rosie was the first transgenic cow. It produced human protein-enriched milk (2.4 gms per litre).

The key tools used in recombinant DNA technology are: 

(i) Restriction enzymes 

(ii) Polymerase enzyme 

(iii) Ligase enzyme 

(iv) Vectors 

 (v) Host organism/cell.

The Maharaja banned tiger hunting by anyone in the kingdom as he had to kill hundred tigers to shun his killing by the hundredth tiger. If anyone even dared to throw a ston at a tiger, all his wealth and property would be confiscated. The Maharaja didn’t want any other person to reduce the already small population of tigers. It was celebration time for tigers in the state. Tiger hunting was banned for all except the Maharaja.

Equilibrium of a forest can be disturbed by uncontrolled hunting of big predators as it removes a check and balance in the food chain on the population of prey previously consumed by the predators.

The CO₂ is added to the atmosphere mainly by burning of the fossil fuels, volcanic activities and by the process of respiration. Decomposers also contribute substantially to CO₂ pool by their processing of waste materials and dead organic matter of land and oceans.
About 4 x 10¹³ kg of carbon is fixed annually in the biosphere through photosynthesis.

If the number of predators (tigers) get reduced, the number of prey (deer) population will increase which will increase the pressure on the vegetation. As a result, plant population will decrease due to overgrazing. Little vegetation puts pressure on deer population and as a result deer population will decrease due to starvation, death or migration. Thus, ultimately the tigers (predators) will be affected.

Biological control refers to the use of biological methods for controlling plant diseases, pests and weeds etc.
Some examples of biological controls are:
(1) Ladybird and dragonfly are used to get rid of aphids and mosquitoes respectively.
(2) Bacillus thuringiensis is used for the control of butterfly caterpillar.
(3) Fungus species Trichoderma are used in controlling infection in roots.
(4) Baculoviruses are used as narrow spectrum insecticidal applications

(a) Coleorhiza: Protects the radical of (monocot) embryo. 

(b) Umbilical cord: Transports nutrients and respiratory gases and metabolic wastes to and from mother and foetus. 

(c) Germ pores: Allow germination of pollen grain/formation of pollen tubes.

Plasmodium falciparum

Scientific name of the parasite that causes malignant malaria in human is Plasmodium falciparum. Parasite enters the human body as sporozoite.

Life cycle in human body:

Sporozoites enters into the body (human) by biting of a female Anopheles mosquito.

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Sporozoites enters liver cells through blood

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The parasite reproduces asexually in liver cells, and through bursting of host liver cells enter into blood.

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In red blood cells parasite reproduces asexually, bursting the red blood cells followed by release of haemozoin thereby causing cycles of fever and other symptoms.

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Released parasite enters new RBCs thereby infecting them.

-Griffin driven by unbridled ambition

-continued his march towards supremacy unmindful of the havoc he caused in the lives of others.

-not a struggle for survival but to satiate his whims and fancies.

-Griffin nurtured ambition to amass wealth , got comforts of life and eliminated whosoever came his way

-this mania took him nowhere; met his death. -arrogance and pride, root cause of his destruction.

-went from obsession to fanaticism to insanity to unleash a ‘Reign of Terror’

-scientist with a perverted mind.

-ambition became his greatest foe.

-science without humane values.

(any other relevant point)

(any 6 points)

Detailed Answer :

Griffin is a gifted young university medical student with albinism, who studied optical density. He believes he is on the verge of a great scientific discovery but feels uncomfortable working under his professor. To ensure, that he gets sole credit for his discovery, he leaves university and moves to a dingy apartment to continue his experiments alone.

To finance his experiments, Griffin robs his own father. As a result, his father commits suicide afterwards because the money had not been his own. Working exclusively in his flat, he invents a formula to bend light and reduce the refractive index of physical objects, making them invisible. He intends from the start to perform the process on himself but is forced to rush his experiments due to persistent intrusion from his landlord, who is suspicious of his activities. He processes himself to hide from his landlord and sets fire to the building to cover his tracks. He winds up alone, invisibly wandering the streets of London, struggling to survive out in the open, unseen by those around him. To make himself visible again, he steals some clothes from a dingy backstreet theatre shop, including a trench coat and a hat. He wraps his head in snow to conceal his invisibility, covering his eyes with large, dark goggles. He takes up residence in the Coach and Horses Inn in the village of Iping, so that he can reverse his experiment in a quiet environment, but complications arise with the locals being unnerved by his appearance. As a result, his progress slows and he has insufficient money to satisfy the pub owners. To pay the bill, Griffin burgles the home of Reverend Bunting. The police pursue him, and he reveals his invisibility by throwing off his clothes and thereafter, escaping away.

Now driven insane by his inability to reverse the experiment, Griffin seeks assistance from a tramp named Thomas Marvel. He asks Marvel to carry his stolen money for him, but Marvel runs away with the money. Griffin pursues him to the town of Port Burdock, where he runs into his old schoolmate Dr. Kemp. Griffin attempts to convince Kemp to be his visible partner and help him begin a reign of terror. Kemp, rather than assisting the crazed Invisible Man, alerts Colonel Adye of the Port Burdock police.

Furious, Griffin vows to kill Kemp. Kemp rallies the people of Port Burdock who find and overcome Griffin. Griffin is killed by navvies. The invisibility wears off in death and Griffin’s corpse becomes visible again. His story attests to the fact that misdirected and self-serving ambition remains an exercise in futility.

Dilute NaOH reacts with aluminium pieces to form sodium tetrahydroxo aluminate (III) and hydrogen gas. The pressure of hydrogen gas, so produced, is used to open jammed drain.

(a) ‘Justice delayed is justice denied’ as if a decision in a dispute is delayed too long the injured person may not receive any benefit from the judicial proceedings. Then, there will be no use of getting a decision in one’s favour after one is dead.  

(b) Just society means equal opportunity to everyone. There has to be level playing field for all. A just society is for the people and not for one’s benefit. A just society has no discrimination or crime.

(a) Global warming is the increase in earth’s average surface temperature due to rising level of greenhouse gasses. It is a threat to our environment. 

(b) According to environment, human being should learn to live in harmony with the rhythms of the ecosystem and not manipulate the natural environment to secure their immediate interest. 

(c) If mankind continues using and destroying natural resources to such an extent then we will bequeath only a barren earth, poisoned rivers and polluted air to future generations.

Apical meristem is a patch of meristematic tissue present in the apex (tips) of shoot and roots in plants. 

Theories of structural organisation : Several theories have been put forward to explain the activity of shoot apical meristem.

(a) Apical cell Theory : 

(1) According to Nageli, the activity of single apical cell leads to the development of entire plant body. 

(2) This theory is applicable to algal forms and cryptogams.

(b) Histogen Theory : 

(i) According to Hanstein, the apical meristem consists of three distinct histological zones called histogens. 

(ii) The outermost mantle like layer of cells is called dermatogen. 

(iii) The underlying layers of cells form periblem. 

(iv) The central zone of cells is called plerome. 

(v) The dermatogen gives rise to epidermis, periblem to cortex and endodermis, while plerome to vascular cylinder including pith.

(c) Tunica-Corpus Theory : 

(i) This theory was proposed by Schmidt (1924). 

(ii) It recognizes only two zones in the apical meristem-tunica and corpus, 

(iii) The cells of tunica are small. They are divided in anti-clinal plane only and, therefore, take part in surface growth, 

(iv) The cells derived from tunica, rise to epidermis of both stem as well as leaves, 

(v) The cells of corpus are comparatively larger, 

(vi) They divide in different planes, 

(vii) They derived from corpus to give rise to procambium and ground meristem. 

(viii) Procambium gives rise to primary phloem, primary xylem and intrafascicular :cambium, 

(ix) Ground meristem differentiate into pith in the centre, pericycle, endodermis, cortex and hypodermis respectively towards the outerside. 

Triple fusion: It is a fertilisation that involves fusion of one male gamete and two polar nuclei (or secondary nucleus; if the two have already fused) in the central cell of embryo sac. It takes place in the central cell of an embryo sac. Three nuclei are involved in triple fusion, i.e., one male nucleus and two polar nuclei in the central cell therefore, the process is termed triple fusion. 

Significance: Endosperm is triploid and helps in providing nourishment to the embryo.

(i) Aerosols: These are the colloidal systems in which dispersion medium is gas and dispsed, phase is either solid or liquid e.g., smoke, insecticide sprays.
(ii) Coagulation: The process of aggregating together the charged colloidal particles so as to change them into large sized particle which ultimately settle as down under the force of gravity as a precipitate is called coagulation.

Raoult’s law: It states that for any solution the partial pressure of each volatile component in the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction.

2-bromobutane as secondary carbocation formed is more stable as compared to the primary carbocation in case of 1-bromobutane.

(i) Benzoic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid due to electron with drawing effect of bengene ring which stabilises the carboxylate anion while alkyl group distablises the carboxylate anion due to electron donating nature. 

(ii) Methanal is more reactive than ethanal towards Nucleophilic addition reaction due to steric and electronic reasons. Presence of methyl group in ethanal hinders the approach of nucleophile to carbonyl carbon than in methanal. Methyl group also reduces the electrophilicity of the carbonyl more effectively than in methanal.

(a) Invert sugar : Hydrolysis of sugar brings about a change in the sign of rotation, from dextro(+) to laevo (–) and the product is named as invert sugar. 

(b) Native protein : Protein found in a biological system with a unique three – dimensional structure and biological activity is called a native protein. 

(c) Nucleotide : It is obtained by the addition of one molecule of phosphoric acid with nucleoside at 5-position. If is obtained by the combining three different monomer units. Nucleotide : Phosphoric acid + Pentose sugar + N-base  

Sodium  cyanide.

Depressant is used to prevent the formation of froth from one of the two sulphide ores

Since the bond dissociation enthalpy of the H–Cl bond is lower than H–F bond therefore H–Cl is stronger acid than H– F in aqueous solution.

When ammonia is passed through copper sulphate solution a deep blue solution is formed due to formation of [Cu(NH₃)₄] SO_4.