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To determine theorbital hybridizationof the sulfur atom, which is the central atom in sulfur tetrafluoride, start by darawing the molecule'sLewis structure.

The molecule will have a total of34valence electrons,6from sulfur, and7from each of the four fluorine atoms.

The sulfur atom will formsingle bondswith each of fluorine atoms. These bonds will account for8of the34valence electrons. Each fluorine atom will have3 lone pairs of electronsin order to have a completeoctet.

These lone pairs will use up24valence electrons, bringing the total of used valence electrons to32. The remaining two electrons will be placed on the sulfur atom as alone pair

Now focus on the sulfur atom. Notice that it gets a total of 10 electrons, 8 from the bonds with fluorine and 2 from the lone pair. This is quite possible for sulfur because it has easy access to its 3d-orbitals, which means that it canexpand its octetand accomodate more than 8 electrons.

You determine sulfur's hybridization by counting the number of regions ofelectron densitythat surround it. Remember, a region of electron density is a bond (single, double, and triple bonds count asoneregion of electron density) or a lone pair of electrons.

In this case, sulfur forms4single bonds and has1lone pair, which means that itssteric number, which is the name given to the number of regions of electron density, is equal to5.

The steric number will give you the number of hybrid orbitals that the atom uses. In this case, sulfur will usefive hybrid orbitalsformed from

i) bong angle is 109° for all the bonds

ii) bond angle C-Cl= 120° , H-C = 120° and C=C = 180°

we can find the time period of fossils

To determine a precise age of a rock or fossil through radiometric dating methods. This uses radioactive minerals that occur in rocks and fossils almost like a geological clock.

Most of the space inside the atom is empty because most of the α-particles passed through the gold foil without getting deflected.

Very few particles were deflected from their path, indicating that the positive charge of the atom occupies very little space.

A very small fraction of α-particles were deflected by very large angles, indicating that all the positive charge and mass of the gold atom were concentrated in a very small volume within the atom.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated ozone depleting substances (ODS) are mainly responsible for man-made chemical ozone depletion. They are emitted from air conditioners and the compressors of the refrigerator. In fact, the substance reacts with ozone and breaks it down into nascent oxygen. Over a period of time, a big hole in has been created in the ozone layer.

Satellite is not part of our solar system.

Marble cancer is due to acid rain.

The raisins added to porridge swell up after sometime due toOsmosis

https://www.google.com/amp/s/m.wikihow.com/Simulate-Acid-Rain%3famp=1

open this link to know the method for mocking rain.

D.. Global warming because global warming leads to depletion of ozone layer

Option (d) global warming is correct because ozone depletion will create more entrance of sun's rays into the Earth surface which will increase the temperature of the earth crust.

One hydrogen molecule H2 has mas 2 a.m.u

on first we divide it by avagadro no. we can get in grams ,then divide it by 100o to get mass in kg

now we have mass in kg and also velocity in cm per second after converting velocity in m per second

we use de broglie equation i.e. wavelength=planck constant/ mass * veloctity

by putiing values we get answe in metres

after it should be converted in angstrom

so final answer is 4 angstrom

pH =-log[H+]

=> -3.31 = log([H+])=> log[H+] = -4+0.69=> [H+] = 10^-4×10^0.69 = 5×10^-4

This is an E2 reaction

so, option C is correct.

thanks

Whensodium acetate is heated with soda lime(NaOH+CaO), methane will beproducedby decarboxylation

The product formed would beethan-1,2-dioic acid (or simplyoxalic acid).

Ethyne on reacting with cold KMnO4 adds 4OH- to the triple bond. Forming a very unstable compound (OH)2CH--CH(OH)2. 2 OH- on a single carbon are unstable and the molecule would lose 2H2O and formEthan-1,2-dial.This compund further is unstable and undergoes further oxidation to form oxalic acid.

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons. When alkenes react with alkaline KMnO4, the alkenes are oxidized to alcohols. One hydroxyl group attaches to each carbon on either side of the carbon-carbon double bond. KMnO4 is first reduced to MnO4(2-), a dark green solution and then it's further reduced to MnO2, a dark brown precipitate.Hence option B ethene is alkene

i) 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane

ii) 2-methyl-propan-1-ene

iii) 2,2-dimethyl-propane

iv) 2-bromo-3-chloro-butane

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Ketones are organic chemical compounds that include a -carbonyl group (i.e. an oxygen atom attached to a carbon atom by a double covalent bond) such that the carbon atom to which the -carbonyl group is attached is itself attached to two other carbon atoms - as opposed to one other carbon atom and one hydrogen atom, which the case for aldehydes

That is, ketones are a class or category of organic chemical compounds that include a carbon atom attached to both an oxygen atom (by a double covalent bond), and also to two other carbon atoms (by a single covalent bond in each case).

Bearing in mind that carbon atoms form a total of 4 single covalent bonds - or equivalent in combinations of double or triple bonds, a carbon atom attached to both an oxygen atom (by a double covalent bond) and also to two other carbon atoms (by a single covalent bond in each case) cannot be the first- or last - (which are equivalent positions) carbon atom in the chain of carbon atoms that form the organic molecule of which it is a part.

This position of the -carbonyl group (oxygen atom) attached to a carbon atom that is not the last carbon atom in a carbon-chain is important because it distinguishes ketones from a similar category of organic compounds, called aldehydes. In contrast to ketones, aldehydes include a -carbonyl group attached to the end-carbon in a carbon-chain.

Ketone molecules can vary in size up to very long molecules most of which consist of carbon atoms attached to each other and also to hydrogen atoms.

hence option 2 that is 5gm is correct.

c

Equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules. — called alsoAvogadro'shypothesis.

Thelaw of conservationofmass states thatmassin an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemicalreactions or physical transformations. According to thelaw of conservationofmass, themassof the products in achemicalreaction must equal themassof the reactants

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TrueCombination reaction is the one in which two or more elements combine to form one single compound under the action of physical factors.For example:2H2 + O2 ––––› 2H2O

Decomposition or Decombination reaction is the one in which a compound is broken to form it's constituents molecules or atoms or elements under the action of physical factors. For example:2H2O ---electrolysis-------› 2H2 + O2.

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True Solution: a mixture of two or more substances in which the solute is completely dissolve in the solvent. The size of particles in a true solution will be less than 1 nm in diameter.

Colloidal Solution: A heterogenous mixture of two or more substances in which the substance is evenly suspended in the other.

a) Nitrogenb) Beryllium or Magnesiumc)oxygen

let the resistance be R1 and R2

so, R1 + R2 = 80

and R1*R2/(R1+R2) = 20

=> R1*R2 = 20*(80) = 1600

so, R1(80-R1) = 1600=> R1² -80R1+ 1600 = 0

=> R1 = 40 and R2 = 40

effective charge is Z - e , where Z = 21 ignore the 4s electron as it is ahead of 3d

and e is. 0*0.35 ( for 0 d electrons beside the 1 that we are calculating ) + 1*18 ( other 18 electron at the back)

so, e = 18

and Z-e = 21-18 =3 is the effective nuclear charge..

1)The ionic radii increases down the group and decreases across a period2)Zeff = Z - S where Z is the nuclear charge (19 for K) and s is the screening of the nuclear charge by all the other e⁻. S is calculated by Slater's Rules[1s^2] [2s^2 2p^6] [3s^2 3p^6] [4s^1]S for 4s = 2 + (8×1.0) + (8×0.85) = 16.8Zeff = 19 - 16.8 = 2.2

A Mendelian's experiment consists of breeding a pea plant bearing violet flowers with pea plant that bear white flowers. The intermediate colours do not get a chance to appear in the offspring of cross-pollinated pea plants. The result in f1 progeny will be violet flower because it is dominant over the white flower.

Theeffective nuclear chargeis the netpositive chargeexperienced by anelectronin a polyelectronicatom. The term "effective" is used because theshielding effectofnegatively chargedelectrons prevents higherorbital electronsfrom experiencing the fullnuclear chargeof thenucleusdue to the repelling effect ofinner-layer electrons. The effective nuclear charge experienced by theelectronis also called thecore charge. It is possible to determine the strength of the nuclear charge by theoxidation numberof the atom.

Ans :- Through scientificdiscovery,protons have been accepted as the particle that contributes to thepositivecharge of an atom. Thediscoveryofprotons can be attributed to Rutherford. In 1886 Goldsteindiscoveredexistence of positively chargedraysin the discharge tube by using perforated cathode.

Therelationship between momentumandwavelengthfor matter waves is given by p = h/λ, and therelationshipenergy and frequency is E = hf. Thewavelengthλ = h/p is called the de Brogliewavelength, and therelationsλ = h/p and f = E/h are called the de Broglierelations.

Formula for potassium chloride is KClThis salt is neutral in nature and can be obtained by acid base reaction of KOH and HCl.2)Methyl orange shows red in acidic medium.Hence P is acidic.

Phenol turns pink in colour on exposure to air due to slow oxidation.

Phenol gets oxidised to quinone and then quinone combines with the phenol to give an addition product known as phenoquinonewhich is pink in colour.

Physical nature of matter: Based on the physical nature of matter there are threeStates of Matter:

Solid: Molecules are tightly packed. They are often hard and rigid.

Liquid: Molecules are loosely packed as compared to that of a solid. They take the shape of the container.

Gas: Molecules of gases are farther apart when compared to liquid molecules.

Physical properties are properties that can be measured or observed without changing the chemical nature of the substance. Some examples of physical properties are:

a)color (intensive)

b)density (intensive)

c)volume (extensive)

d)mass (extensive)

e)boiling point (intensive): the temperature at which a substance boils

f)melting point (intensive): the temperature at which a substance melts

physical nature of Matter based on the physical nature of matter three state of matter solid liquid and gas

Matter can exist in one of three main states: solid, liquid, or gas.

Solid matter is composed of tightly packed particles. A solid will retain its shape; the particles are not free to move around.

Liquid matter is made of more loosely packed particles. It will take the shape of its container. Particles can move about within a liquid, but they are packed densely enough that volume is maintained.

Gaseous matter is composed of particles packed so loosely that it has neither a defined shape nor a defined volume. A gas can be compressed.

Matter can exist in one of three main states: solid, liquid, or gas.

Solid matter is composed of tightly packed particles. A solid will retain its shape; the particles are not free to move around.

Liquid matter is made of more loosely packed particles. It will take the shape of its container. Particles can move about within a liquid, but they are packed densely enough that volume is maintained.

Gaseous matter is composed of particles packed so loosely that it has neither a defined shape nor a defined volume. A gas can be compressed.

Matteris a substance that has inertiaandoccupies physical space. According to modern physics,matterconsists of various types of particles, each with massandsize. The most familiarexamplesof material particles are the electron, the protonandthe neutron. Combinations of these particles form atoms.

Likewise, water, books, pencils, sun, earth, moon, electron, proton, mesons, quarks are also examples of matter. Light is also matter when you consider it a stream of photons.

option a is the correct answer of the given question

3 methyl 1 pentane is d right answer

3 mithayil 1 pentaine is the right answer

3methyl 1pentane is correct answer

3 mithayil 1 plantaine is the right answer

answer b is correct✅ for this question

4 is the correct option

Molarity = moles of solute/liters of solution

or, for our specific purpose here

moles of solute (HCl) = liters of solution * Molarity

10 ml = 0.01 liters

moles of solute (HCl) = (0.01 liters)*(0.1 M HCl)

= 0.001 moles of HCl

hence molecule=0.001*6.023*10^23=6.023*10^20

no. of moles of C = 12/12 = 1

and in 1 atom of C , no. of P = 6 , n = 6 and e= 6

so, total , (6+6+6) = 18 × 1 mole = 18*(Na) = 18*(6.02×10²³) = 108.4 × 10²³ = 1.084×10^25 mol

option 3

number of valence electrons in cl- ion is 1

in cl ion the no of Valence electrons are 7