InterviewSolution

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51.	Which of the following machines is often placed together with an X-Ray machine?(a) Endoscopy(b) Ultrasound(c) Fluoroscopy(d) C – ArmThe question was asked in semester exam.Origin of the question is X-Ray in division Diagnostic Investigation via Imaging Techniques of Clinical Science
Answer» Correct choice is (c) Fluoroscopy To explain I WOULD say: Fluoroscopy is a process in which a radioactive dye is INJECTED or ingested by the patient. The dye moves along the path in the body and EMITS radiation. Sometimes, X – RAYS may have to fall on the dye to make it emit RADIATIONS. These radiations are collected to form images thus a fluoroscopic setup is often found together with an X-Ray setup.

52.	What does the red dot on the probe help within the produced image?(a) To check if the correct probe was used(b) To check the probe orientation(c) To check the depth of the probe that was used(d) To check the plane of the image.I had been asked this question by my college professor while I was bunking the class.The doubt is from Ultrasound in chapter Diagnostic Investigation via Imaging Techniques of Clinical Science
Answer» RIGHT option is (b) To CHECK the probe orientation Explanation: When the probe is being used, it can move in various WAYS but the image being formed is a horizontal image. Thus, the red DOT at the head of the probe appears to the left of the image and helps in working out the orientation of the organ or the foetus.

53.	Which of the following ultrasound techniques gives the best Ultrasound Image of the heart?(a) 2D phased array(b) Linear phased array(c) Transesophageal(d) Curvilinear arrayThe question was posed to me at a job interview.My query is from Echocardiography topic in section Diagnostic Investigation via Imaging Techniques of Clinical Science
Answer» RIGHT OPTION is (c) Transesophageal Explanation: This type of ultrasound is TAKEN by inserting an endoscope with the transducer down the esophagus. The endoscope GETS an unobstructed view of the heart through the esophagus and the ultrasound of the heart can be taken.It is difficult to take the ultrasound of the heart due to the ribs blocking the beams. To take the ultrasound through the chest, the acoustic window is too small and only specific angles can be taken. Transesophagal method is an INVASIVE method to take the ultrasound of the heart.

54.	Echocardiography can be used for even _________(a) remove embolus of the heart(b) correctly locate the blockages in the arteries and veins(c) assess the baby’s heart, anatomy and function(d) measure heartbeatI had been asked this question by my college professor while I was bunking the class.I'm obligated to ask this question of Echocardiography topic in section Diagnostic Investigation via Imaging Techniques of Clinical Science
Answer» Correct CHOICE is (c) assess the BABY’s heart, ANATOMY and function For explanation: Ultrasound is a safe way that the DOCTORS use to check the baby’s progress while in the WOMB. Echocardiography is the ultrasound of the heart and it can be done for an infant who is still in the mother’s womb. Fetal echocardiography is done to check the progress, growth and the health of the baby’s heart.

55.	When an abdominal ultrasound is done, why is it advised to have a full bladder?(a) To have a good acoustic window(b) To increase the water content(c) To lower impedance(d) To allow for better propagation of wavesThe question was posed to me in an online interview.The question is from Ultrasound in section Diagnostic Investigation via Imaging Techniques of Clinical Science
Answer» Correct CHOICE is (a) To have a good acoustic window Best explanation: Acoustic window is a small opening through which the sound waves can pass and can help image the structures beyond. When the bladder is full, it is properly stretched and the folds of the bladder do not provide any IMPEDANCE. The water HELPS in the better propagation of the sound and VISUALIZATION of the structures beyond the bladder.

56.	The wave velocity of ultrasound in soft tissues is 1540m/s and the impedance offered by it is 1.63 X 106 kg/m^2s. What is the density of the soft tissue?(a) 0.1058441 kg/m^3(b) 10.58441 kg/m^3(c) 1058.441kg/m^3(d) 105844.1 kg/m^3This question was posed to me in class test.My query is from Ultrasound in portion Diagnostic Investigation via Imaging Techniques of Clinical Science
Answer» Correct choice is (C) 1058.441kg/m^3 Explanation: The IMPEDANCE is GIVEN BYZ = ρc where Z = impedance, ρ = density and c = velocity of the ultrasound. Since the wave velocity and the impedance offered are given, ρ = z/c. This results in 1058.441 kg/m^3 of density for the soft tissue.

57.	Which of the following agents should not be used as an agent for fluoroscopy?(a) Silver(b) Bismuth(c) Thoria(d) TungstenThe question was posed to me in my homework.Question is from Fluoroscopy in chapter Diagnostic Investigation via Imaging Techniques of Clinical Science
Answer» The correct option is (c) Thoria Best explanation: Thoria stands for thorium DIOXIDE. It was found to cause liver cancer so the use of thoria as an agent for fluoroscopy was DISCONTINUED. All the other THREE materials are still USED for fluoroscopy but the DYES most preferred are made from iodine.

58.	Continuous Wave (CW), Pulsed Wave (PW) and Color Flow (CF) are terms used for which kind of ultrasound?(a) 3D ultrasound(b) Dynamic Ultrasound(c) Doppler Ultrasound(d) Advanced UltrasoundThis question was addressed to me in an online quiz.Question is taken from Echocardiography in section Diagnostic Investigation via Imaging Techniques of Clinical Science
Answer» Right choice is (c) DOPPLER Ultrasound To ELABORATE: The Doppler Ultrasound relies on the Doppler effect that happens with the sound waves to PRODUCE IMAGES. CW, PW and CF are the different kinds of ULTRASOUNDS that are projected in the body which result in different types of images.

59.	Which another method can be used to look in the compete for GI tract?(a) Endoscopy(b) Capsule Endoscopy(c) Colonoscopy(d) LaryngoscopyI got this question during an interview.My question is based upon Fluoroscopy in chapter Diagnostic Investigation via Imaging Techniques of Clinical Science
Answer» The correct choice is (b) Capsule Endoscopy To explain I WOULD say: Capsule Endoscopy can HELP look into the whole of the GI TRACT. The capsule has a miniature camera. The capsule is SWALLOWED and as it moves down the track, it images the track. The images are either transmitted or stored and later RECOVERED.

60.	What should be the minimum distance maintained when an X-Ray is being taken?(a) 10 m(b) 15 m(c) 35 m(d) 50 mThe question was asked in semester exam.I'd like to ask this question from X-Ray topic in section Diagnostic Investigation via Imaging Techniques of Clinical Science
Answer» Correct option is (d) 50 m To explain I would SAY: Normally when an X-Ray is being taken, the people who are not supposed to be exposed to the radiations will be in a safe room where the radiation does not REACH DUE to protective glass and other precautions. However, in case a potable X-Ray is being USED and the X-Ray is being performed on the bedside, then the ONE who performs the X-Ray must wear a protective lead jacket and the other people must maintain a distance of minimum 50 m.

61.	Dental X-Ray is also known as __________(a) Orthopedics(b) Orthopentology(c) Orthology(d) OrthopantomographyThe question was posed to me during an interview.I would like to ask this question from X-Ray in portion Diagnostic Investigation via Imaging Techniques of Clinical Science
Answer» Correct OPTION is (d) Orthopantomography For EXPLANATION: Orthopantomography is the panoramic RADIOGRAPH of the teeth. The teeth also need X-Ray to LOOK into deformity, disease, in growths or outgrowths. It SHOWS the tooth structure and ensures that the teeth are fine without any problems or deformities.

62.	How much of the generated energy actually utilized for taking an X-Ray?(a) 0.1%(b) 1%(c) 10%(d) 100%I got this question during an interview.The above asked question is from X-Ray topic in chapter Diagnostic Investigation via Imaging Techniques of Clinical Science
Answer» Right answer is (b) 1% To explain I WOULD say: The X -Rays that are generated have a tendency to SCATTER. Thus, they are collimated. Also, the emitted X – Rays also strike against the metallic plate/radioactive material to produce more X – Rays. Also, energy is lost in the FORM of heat and light. Thus, effectively only 1% of the energy is used to produce X-Ray images.

63.	What does the ‘P’ in PET stand for?(a) Positron(b) Photon(c) Proton(d) P – orbitalThis question was posed to me during an online interview.Origin of the question is PET & SPECT topic in chapter Diagnostic Investigation via Imaging Techniques of Clinical Science
Answer» Correct choice is (a) Positron Best explanation: PET stands for Positron Emission Tomography. In a PET PROCESS, there is a nuclear reaction causing emission of a positron. This positron COMES in contact with an electron, undergoes annihilation and gives out two gamma rays which are detected by the detector. On the gamma rays that are detected at the OPPOSITE ENDS are used to form an image. Rest are discarded as noise.

64.	Which of the following needs the longest exposure for an X-Ray image?(a) Thoracic(b) Abdomen(c) Spine(d) PelvisI had been asked this question during an internship interview.This key question is from X-Ray in chapter Diagnostic Investigation via Imaging Techniques of Clinical Science
Answer» The correct OPTION is (c) Spine Easiest explanation: Spine NEEDS around 0.20 seconds of exposure for the image to form properly. This can be because the spine faces a lot of obstruction when exposed to the X-Ray so needs ALMOST twice the exposure TIME of thoracic and abdominal REGIONS. They require only around 0.10 seconds of exposure.

65.	How is a medium characterized?(a) By its thickness(b) By its acoustic impedance(c) By its water content(d) By its densityI had been asked this question in exam.My doubt stems from Ultrasound topic in division Diagnostic Investigation via Imaging Techniques of Clinical Science
Answer» Right option is (B) By its acoustic impedance Easy explanation: Acoustic impedance is the resistance that a sound WAVE faces when it propagates from one medium to another in the body. Thickness, density and water content (for a living body) are all FACTORS that are taken into account when measuring the acoustic impedance. Thus the medium is characterized by its acoustic impedance. The impedance offered by the bones is extremely high.

66.	Which of the following medical imaging modality other than ultrasound does not use any form of radiation?(a) PET Scan(b) SPECTScan(c) CT Scan(d) MRIThe question was asked in quiz.This intriguing question comes from Ultrasound topic in section Diagnostic Investigation via Imaging Techniques of Clinical Science
Answer» The correct ANSWER is (d) MRI The explanation: MRI uses the electromagnetism of the ATOMS present in the BODY to get the images while all the other imaging modalities use some SORT of radioactivity in order to take the images. Ultrasound relies on the sound waves while MRI relies on the electromagnetic waves. Thus, they are both non RADIOACTIVE imaging modalities.