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Tatya Tope .

Jhansi, Rani Laxmibai.

The industrial revolution in England gave a great blow to Indian handicrafts and cottage industries. As a result; the Indian craftsmen became unemployed. Primarily the textile and wool industries became sick and naturally the people lost their jobs.

The cottage industries were ruined. The British .imposed heavy tax on the sale of Indian goods in England. Under the Zamindari system brought by the British the landlords exploited the farmers class. The British appointed “Inam Commission”. Through this commission all the gifted lands were taken from the members. Due to this the farmers financial problems. These economic changes of time were responsible for 1857 revolt.

Doctrine of policy.

Industrialization.

Lord Dalhousie introduced Doctrine of Lapse. 

The effects of this policy were:

1. Many kingdoms lost their rights due to this policy. 

2. Satara, Jaipur, Jhansi, Udaipur and other kingdoms came under the British control. 

3. Dalhousie canceled the princely titles of the Nawab of Tanjore and Carnatic kingdoms. 

4. The Moghul Sultan, the Nawab of Oudh and other kings were thrown out of their kingly status.

5. Thousands of soldiers dependent on these kings became unemployed.

Royal Enfield.

Mangal Pandey.

The features of the declaration of the British Queen in 1857 are:

1. Accepting the agreements made by the East India Company. 

2. Giving up the ambitious expansion plans made by the British. 

3. Providing a stable government for Indians. 

4. Treating everyone equally before law. 

5. Exhibiting religious tolerance and not interfering in the religious matters of the country. 

These are the features of the declaration of the British Queen in 1858.

Sepoy mutiny.

The immediate causes for the First War of Independence were:

1. A rumour spread among the soldiers that the cartridges used in the rifles were greased with the fat of cow and pigs. Cows were sacred to the Hindus, where as pigs were blasphemous for Muslims. This incident became the immediate for the war. 

2. The rumour spread to Barackpur soldiers, which resulted in severe dissatisfaction. 

3. When the British Officers ordered the soldiers to use the rifles by biting the cartridges, they refused to do so. 

4. An Indian soldier named as Mangal Pandey killed a British Officer. Soon he was arrested by the British, tried and hanged to death. This was also an immediate cause for the First War of Independence.

Correct option is (b) 1862 A.D.

Correct option is (d) Bahadur Shah Zafar

Jhansi Rani took over Gwalior from the British during her war against them.

Correct option is (a) Bahadur Shah Zafar

Correct option is (c) Nana Saheb

Correct option is (b) Gwalior

Correct option is (b) To adopt a son.

Correct option is (d) All of these

1. In 1856, the British introduced long Enfield rifles.

2. The soldiers were required to bite the greased covering of the cartridges of the rifle to open them. 

3. The news spread among the soldiers that the covering of the cartridges contained 8 the fat of cows and pigs. 

4. The religious sentiments of the Hindu and Muslim soldiers were hurt and there was discontent among them.

The Indian sepoys could not keep stand in front of the British army because :

1. The Indian soldiers were brave but they had no military strategies. 

2. They did not have economic strength.

3. Indians did not have latest and enough stock of arms and experienced army generals like the British. 

4. On the other hand, the British possessed the modern means of transport and communication and were therefore swift in their movements.

This proved that the wars are not fought only on bravery but also through military strategies.

1. The British introduced new revenue system with the sole purpose to increase their income. 

2. The taxes were forcibly collected from the farmers. 

3. British goods were sold in India to gain profits. 

4. They imposed heavy taxes on the goods made by local industries.

5. This trade policy ruined Indian handicraft and textile industries. 

6. Many artisans became unemployed. The British imposed heavy taxes on Indian industries with the sole purpose to ruin the Indian economy.

The British adopted the policy of ‘Divide and Rule’ to pollute the minds of the Indians.

Raise a fold of skin and subcutaneous tissue firmly between thumb and forefinger of the left hand. Apply the edge of the plates on the caliper branches 1 cm below fingers of the left hand and allow them to right side of the body. The subject stands relaxed. Hold the caliper for 2 seconds and note down the reading measurements are recorded to the nearest 0.5 mm.

Waist-Hip Ratio= Waist Circumference/ Hip Circumference

1. oviparous animals

2. In oviparous orgaisms development of zygote take place outside the body of the female parent, (they lay fertilized /unfertilized egg). In viviparous organisms development of zygote develops into a young one inside the body of the female organism.

This offers proper embryonic care and protection and have better chances of survival than young ones of viviparous organisms.

1. oviparous animals

2. In oviparous orgaisms development of zygote take place outside the body of the female parent while in viviparous organisms development of zygote take place inside the body of female organisms. Hence viviparous type get proper embryonic care and protection.

In a turkey, female gametes undergo development without fertilization. This phenomenon is called parthenogenesis.

Correct option is (a) Opening

1. Plants absorb mineral nutrients from their surroundings. 

2. For a proper growth of plants about 35 to 40 different elements are required. 

3. Plants absorb these nutrients in ionic or dissolved form from soil with their root system e.g. Phosphorus as PO₄^- , Sulphur as SO4^2- etc. 

4. Based on their requirement in quantity, they are classified as major nutrients or macronutrients and those needed in small amounts Eire minor or micronutrients. 

5. Macro elements are required in large amounts, as they play nutritive and structural roles e.g. C, H, O, R Mg, N, K, S and Ca. – Ca pectate cell wall component, Mg component of chlorophyll. 

6. C, H, O are non-mineral major elements obtained from air and water e.g. CO₂ is source of carbon, Hydrogen from water.

7. Microelements are required in traces as they mainly have catalytic role as cofactors or activators of enzymes. 

8. Microelements may be needed for certain activity in life cycle of plant e.g. B for pollen germination, Si has protective role during stress conditions and fungal attacks, Al enhances availability of phosphorus. 

9. The important micronutrients for plant growth are Mn, B, Cu, Zn, Cl.

Correct Answer is: (A) The safety of vaccines 

Transgenic mice are being formed for use in testing the safety of vaccines before they are used on human beings. These mice are being used to test the safety of the polio vaccines.

(A) burzahom

Correct option is A) Sodium chloride

(B) details about the ruling family

The correct answer is D) all of these.

The correct answer is B) Sewage.

Sewage treatment involves physical, biological and chemical process done at three stages.

The correct answer is D) all of these.

The correct answer is D) Disinfection.

A common preservative used in jam and pickles is Sodium benzoate.

Some medicines obtained from micro-organisms are applied to kill or stop the growth of disease-causing microorganisms. Such medicines are called Antibiotics.

Diseases like polio and chicken pox are caused by Virus.

The microbe for Malaria is carried by Female Anopheles Mosquito.

c) Atmospheric Nitrogen fixer

Examples of Multicellular Microorganism are Algae and Fungi.

The pores in the bread is due to gas bubbles of Carbon dioxide.

The process of conversion of sugar into alcohol by yeast is called Fermentation.

Lactobacillus is commonly found in Curd.

The correct answer is C) Tobacco.

1. (C) Active outside the host’s body.

2. (A) Pseudopodia are locomotory and feeding structures in Sporozoans.

3. (A) Archaebacteria

4. (D) RNA molecules without protein coat

(B) i – q, ii – r, iii – s, iv – p