Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

• The earth revolves around the sun on its own orbit.
• It forms an angle at 66.5° on its orbit.
• Hence the Northern and Southern Hemispheres face the sun one by one.
• The hemisphere that faces the sun for a long time receives straight light of the sun.
• The days are longer and nights are shorter on such places.
• On the other hand, the places where the rays of the sun fall slant observe shorter days and longer nights.
• Thus, the length of the days and nights depends on the rotation of the earth.

जहाँ पर विधायिका दो सदनों से बनी हों उसे द्विसदनात्मक विधायिका कहते हैं, जैसे भारतीय संसद ।

राज्य विधानमण्डल का ऊपरी सदन विधानपरिषद और निम्न सदन विधानसभा है ।

At night, when we are able to see the entire illuminated part of the moon, it is called full moon.

Correct option is (a) seasons

Correct option is (a) revolution

• The earth rotates on its own axis and also revolves around the sun.
• The movement of the earth around the sun on an imaginary path is called revolution.
• This imaginary path is called orbit.
• The orbit of the earth is oval or egg-shaped or elliptical in shape.
• Due to the non-circular orbit of the earth around the sun, its distance from the sun is not the same throughout the year.
• The earth revolves around the sun at the speed of 1760 km/min.
• With this speed, it takes 365 days for the earth to complete one revolution. This period is known as a year.
• Different seasons occur on earth due to the revolution of the earth.
• The tilt of the earth on its axis results into different seasons.
• It also results into long days and short nights or vice versa.
• The earth makes angle on its axis at 23.5° and on its orbit at 66.5°.

Correct option is (b) moon

(C) 1760 km/min

If the match is played during the day in West Indies, I will watch it at night in India or vice versa.

Correct option is (C) Norway

The movement of the earth around itself is called ‘rotation of the earth’.

Correct option is (b) day and night

The imaginary line around which the earth rotates is called its ‘axis of rotation’. It is an imaginery line between the north pole and south pole.

The period of time the earth takes to complete one revolution is One year.

(D) Both B and C are correct

The moon revolves around the earth.

Earth makes 365 complete rotations and one quarter rotation.

There would be no day or night neither there would be changes in season.

Correct option is (C) Year

1. The rotation of the earth gives rise to day and night. 

2. The revolution of the earth and the inclination6 of its axis give rise to the cycle of seasons.

1760 km/mm; 365 days or one year

• Norway is located in the Northern Hemisphere of the earth.
• The Northern Hemisphere experiences summer between 21 March to 23 September.
• During this period, the sun never sets near the Arctic Circle between mid May to the end of July.
• During this period, as soon as the sun sets, it rises again near the Arctic Circle.
• The sun is seen even at 12 o’clock in the night in such locations.
• Norway is one such country that faces this situation.
• Hence, it is called the ‘Country of the Midnight Sun’.

कानून बनाने के लिए पारित किया गया प्रस्ताव विधेयक कहलाता है ।

विधेयक दो प्रकार के होते है:

1. सामान्य विधेयक
2. वित्तीय विधेयक

कई बार विधेयक पर विस्तार से चर्चा नहीं हो पाती है । इसके लिए संबंधित विषय के अनुभवी तथा विशेषज्ञों की ‘प्रवर समिति’ को सौंप दिया जाता हैं ।

बजट संबंधित तथा वित्तिय व्यवस्थाओं से संबंधित विधेयक को वित्तिय विधेयक कहते हैं ।

1670 km/hour; 24 hours.

Oval or egg-shaped or elliptical

Correct option is (c) 1 and 4

India has an extremely rich heritage of science and technology. India has made enumerable contribution in the fields of metallurgy. Chemistry, mathematics, medicines and surgery, astrology and astronomy, Vastushastra, etc. The statue of Nataraja made during Chola period is a finest example of metallurgy in the world. Acharya Nagarjuna has made us pround with his immense and rich work in chemistry. ‘Rasa- ratnakar and ‘Arogya-manj ari ’ are two of his great books describing about various chemicals found in chemistry.

Due to his knowledge and legacy that Nalanda University had setup school of chemistry in the university campus for research and studies in ancient time. Several structures such as the copper statue of Buddha of Sultanganj, statue of Buddha at Nalanda, Vijay Stambha, are a few of the best examples of our excellence in chemistry.

Maharshi Charak, Maharshi Sushruta and Vagbhatta were the pioneers of ancient India’s medical and herbal science and surgery. These people did extensive research and reached great heights. Their books ‘Charak Samhita’, ‘Sushruta Samhita’ and Vagbhatta Samhita’ are still in use as reference by modem doctors. The ancient Indian doctors were so skilled that to perform surgeries they could stop blood circulation using a special type of bowl-shaped bandage.

They could skillfully operate abdomen, kidney, cataract, hernia, stone, piles, bladder, etc. Veterinary science also developed quite well in ancient India. India has made a notable contribution in the field of mathematics. India’s some of the finest gifts to the world are discovery of ‘0’ (zero), decimal system, algebra, theorem of Baudhayana, Geometry and Arithmetic. Aryabhatta discovered ‘zero’ (0), gave an approximate value of % (pi) as ‘3.14 or say 22/7’. Brahmagupta gave the knowledge about the types of equations in mathematics. Baudhayana gave another version of Pythagoras theorem. Many works related to astronomy have been written in India.

Ancient universities of India did systematic and deep study of astrology. Aryabhatta made a remarkable contribution in the field of astronomy. As a result, when India launched its first satellite, it named it ‘Aryabhatta’. He declared that the earth rotates on its own axis. Brahmagupta mentioned about the laws of gravitation in his book ‘Brahmasiddhant’. One of the greatest astrologers and astronomer Varahmihir divided astrology into three sections namely Tanta’, ‘Hor’ and ‘Samhita’. Ancient India had also made tremendous contribution in vastushastra. Brahma, Narad, Brahaspati, Bhrugu, Vashishtha and Vishwakarma have made unique contributions in the field of Vastushastra. Today, the western countries have also adopted Vastushatra in various aspects. Thus, India had a rich ancient heritage in science and technology which made India world famous.

Correct option is (a) 1 and 4

सही विकल्प है (B) 3

गाँव, नगर या महानगरों का प्रशासन स्वयं चुने हुए अपने प्रतिनिधियों द्वारा स्थानीय स्तर की संस्थाओं में हो, उसे स्थानीय स्वराज्य की संस्थाएँ कहते हैं ।

1. (द्वितीय)

2. (राष्ट्रपति)

3. (सरकारी गजेट्स)

4. (लोकसभा, किसी भी सदन)

5. (महाभियोग)

6. (प्रधानमंत्री)

7. (विशिष्ट)

8. (राष्ट्रपति)

9. (परोक्ष)

10. (विधानसभा)

Many works i.e. ‘grantha’ related to astronomy have been written in India. Ancient universities of India did systematic and deep study of astronomy. Indian scholars studied planets and their movements, constellations and other celestial objects in several mathematical calculations. Based on these calculations they made remarkable progress in the fields of astronomy. They also used to make several predictions by studying the movement of planets. Aryabhatta made a remarkable contribution in field of astronomy. As a result, when India launched its first satellite, named ‘Aryabhatta’. He declared that the earth rotates on its own axis. He proved that the basic reason for lunar eclipse is the shadow of the earth.

भारत में प्रशासनिक अधिकारियों के लिए सार्वजनिक स्पर्धात्मक परीक्षा को उत्तीर्ण करने के बाद स्थायी नियुक्ति होती है । उसे सनदी सेवा कहते हैं ।

(c) Aryabhatta

Correct option is (b) Nataraja

विधेयक को मंत्रीमंडल द्वारा सदन में प्रस्तुत करने की प्रक्रिया को प्रथम वाचन कहते हैं । जिसमें विधेयक का शीर्षक, उद्देश्य तशा कारणों का उल्लेख होता है ।

Vastushastra has been mentioned in the book named Brihad Samhita’.

Vastushastra is an unseparable part of astrology.

Vastushastra means the science of architecture. It gives guidelines for constructing things on the principles of Vastu. In the ancient times Vastushasta gave information for constructing houses, temples, palaces, horse stables, forts, store-house of ammunition and also town planning. Vastushastra provides information for selecting a location, shapes, structure, planning of things, planning of temples and Bhramsthan (planning room), planning dining-room bedroom, etc.

Aryabhatta is known as the ‘father of Mathematics’. He discovered ‘zero’ (0). He wrote a book called ‘Aiyabhattiyam’. In this book, he gave an approximate value of x(Pi) as ‘3.14’. He also suggested that it(pi) is the constant which works as a multiplier in the equation of circumference and diameter of circle. He also gave information about Ashtang method of multiplication, addition, subtraction, square-root, cube-root, etc. Aryabhatta also wrote books like ‘Dash Gitika’ and ‘Aryabhattiyam’. In his book ‘Aiyasiddhanta’, he had described the main principles of astronomy. He also found the solution of various fundamentals of arithmetic and geometry.

Contribution in astrology and astronomy:

Aryabhatta made a remarkable contribution in the field of astronomy. As a result, when India launched its first satellite, named ‘Aryabhatta’. He declared that the earth rotates on its own axis. He proved that the basic reason for lunar eclipse is the shadow of the earth. The Indian scholar used to call this shadow as ‘Ajarbhar’.

Brahma, Narad, Brahaspati, Bhrugu, Vashishtha, Vishwakarma, Varahmihir, etc. are considered pioneers of Vastushastra in India.

(d) Shreya, Mansi, Hard

India has a rich legacy of ancient sages and scholars. Together these people made invaluable contribution in the ancient science and technology heritage. They have made outstanding contribution in the field of metallurgy, chemistry, medicinal science, surgery, mathematics, astronomy, astrology, Vastushastra and physics. It is a matter of great pride for us. Modem researches have agreed and proved, that India along the religious outlook has also a superb scientific outlook towards things and events. Most of the world level research had based India’s theories, inventions and discoveries. Thus, India’s contribution in science and technology has earned it worldwide fame.

Vastushastra means the science of architecture. Ancient India had made tremendous contribution in Vastushastra. India’ knowledge and contribution in Vastushastra is recognized and highly praised by many countries of the world. Brahma, Narad, Brahaspati, Bhrugu, Vashishtha and Vishwakarma have made unique contribution in the field of Vastushastra. On the basis of principle of Vastushastra they gave the guidelines for constructing houses, temples, palaces, horse stables, forts, storehouse of ammunition and also town planning. Varahmihir has also discussed about Vastushastra in his book ‘Brihat Samhita’.

Later in 15th century, Rana Kumbha of Mewar made several improvements in the previous versions of Vastushastra and revived it. According to traditional belief, Vishwakarma is considered as the first architect of Gods. He divided Vastushastra into eight sections. In these sections he provided detailed information related to Vastu shastra such as selecting a location, shapes, structure, planning of things, planning of temples and Bhramsthan, planning dining room, bedroom, etc. As time passes, we observe many, changes in Vastushastra. Earlier, Vastushastra was explained with religious perspective in the east, but now it is looked at with scientific ! perspective across the world.

1. Kushana

2. Chola

3. Chennai

4. Nagarjuna; Nalanda

5. Mercury

Indian culture is varied. There is no place for rigidity or orthodoxy in India. It is a combination of science and religion, practical knowledge, materialistic, physical and super natural principles. Indian culture also preaches tolerance. All religions are considered equal in India. In spite of vast difference among the communities of India, Indians respect each other’s religions, lives and values. This shows that the most unique feature of Indian culture that is “Unity in Diversity’.