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1. Flowers and turmeric papers are natural indicators. 

2. These change their colour based on the nature of the material put on them.

Turmeric is a natural indicator. When we sprinkle lime water (calcium hydroxide) which is a base, turmeric indicates red colour in the basic medium.

The correct answer is C) Iodine.

Physical Changes: On heating, candle wax gets melted is a physical change. Since it again turns into solid wax on cooling.

Chemical Changes: The wax near to flame burns and gives new substances like Carbon Dioxide, Carbon soot, water vapour, heat and light. Cooking of food, is another example where both physical and chemical changes occurs.

Keyboard is the most commonly used input device, which can also be used to type commands directing the computer to perform certain actions.

The correct answer is B) Iron.

Internet telephony refers to the science and technology for integrating telephone services into a computer networks. 

It converts analog voice signals into digital voice signals and then, converts them back again. It also transmits the signals using data packets. 

By using this system, a person can make long distance calls free of cost, only Internet charges will be change and also, both parties must have the suitable softwares.

Young's modulus decreases with the rise in temperature.

No, liquids do not possess rigidity, because they have no shapes of their own.

The value of Young's modulus for a perfectly rigid body is Infinity.

It is unity (1).

Young’s modulus (Y): It is the modulus of elasticity related to change in length of an object like a metal wire, rod, beam, etc., due to the applied deforming force.

A bridge during its use undergoes recurring stress depending upon the movement of vehicles on it. When bridge is used for long time, it loses its elastic strength and ultimately may collapse. Hence, the bridges are declared unsafe after long use.

A bridge loses its elastic strength due to repeated alternating strains.

Data : v = 2 × 10⁷ m/s, 

B = 1.6 × 10^-6 T, 

e = 1.6 × 10^-19 C 

The magnetic force on the proton is

F_m = evB (∵ \(\vec v\) ⊥ \(\vec B\))

= (1.6 × 10^-19 C)(2 × 10⁷ m/s)(1.6 × 10^-6 T)

= 5.12 × 10^-18 N

[Note : The Earth’s magnetic field traps the charged particles in doughnut-shaped regions outside the atmosphere. These regions are called Van Allen radiation belts. Near the poles, charged particles from these belts enter the atmosphere and produce the awesome shimmering curtains of light called the aurora borealis (northern ! lights) and aurora australis (southern lights).]

Mira presents strictures in this poem for others. She desires that the people should change their behaviour and make their heart and mind pure and perfect in order to achieve love and devotion from his creator in this mortal world.

मीरा इस कविता में आलोचना एवं व्यवहार दूसरों के लिए प्रस्तुत करती है। वह चाहती है कि लोगों को ईश्वर का प्रेम प्राप्त करने तथा अपने निर्माता में इस नश्वर संसार में पूर्ण समर्पण करने के लिए अपना व्यवहार बदलना चाहिए तथा अपने दिल व दिमाग को शुद्ध करना चाहिए।

There is a great connection between the first three lines and last line. The poetess says that we can find perfect detachment from God by removing impurities of heart and external show. The speaker says that simplicity is the true way of devotion to God.

प्रथम तीन तथा अन्तिम पंक्ति में गहरा सम्बन्ध है। कवयित्री कहती है कि हम दिल की अशुद्धता को तथा बाहरी दिखावे को समाप्त करके ईश्वर से पूर्ण संलिप्तता को प्राप्त कर सकते हैं। वक्ता कहता है कि सादगी ईश्वर के समर्पण का सच्चा और सीधा रास्ता है।

In this poem Mira refers several impurities of the heart such as greed, selfishness, anger, cruel desires as well as external show. These are the main obstacles which develop distrust in the heart of men about the existence of God.

इस कविता में मीरा दिल की अनेक अशुद्धताओं के बारे में बताती है, जैसे कि लालच, स्वार्थ, क्रोध, क्रूर इच्छाएँ इसी तरह बाहरी दिखावा। ये सब मुख्य बाधाएँ हैं जो कि मनुष्य के दिल में ईश्वर के अस्तित्व के विरुद्ध अविश्वास पैदा करती हैं।

According to Mira greed, cruel desires, spiritual impurities, anger and ignorance are the main obstacles to true devotion.

मीरा के अनुसार लालच, क्रूर इच्छाएँ, आत्मीय अशुद्धता, क्रोध तथा अज्ञानता सच्चे समर्पण में मुख्य बाधाएँ हैं।

According to Mira cleansing external body is not true devotion without removing impurities of the heart.

मीरा के अनुसार दिल की अशुद्धता को मिटाए बिना शरीर को बाहरी तौर पर साफ करना सच्ची भक्ति/ श्रद्धा नहीं है।

(b) The greedy senses

The cricket’s voice emerges from beneath some stone.

(b) Lord Krishna

In India milk in a bowl means only one thing bait for a snake. He realizes there must be cobra in the room.

The hostess wants her servant to place a bowl of milk on the Veranda Just outside the open doors. Because a cobra had just crawled over her feet.

The American is a naturalist, who just observes others and studies their reactions. So he did not join the discussion.

A colonial official and his wife, army officers and government official and their wives.

He looked up at the rafters – the likeliest place, but they were bare. The three of the room were empty, and in the fourth, the servants were waiting to serve the next course. So he deduced that the cobra might be under the table.

When the American Naturalist concluded that the cobra was under the table his first impulse was to jump back and warn others. But he did not want to frighten others and the cobra into striking one of them. In a sobering tone, he announced that he just wanted to know what self – control everyone at the table had.

He challenged them that he will start counting to three hundred – that’s five minutes and asked everyone to not move a muscle, and those who moved will lose fifty rupees. All the twenty guests sit like stone images while he counted.

When he was counting two hundred and eight – the cobra emerged from under the table and went to the veranda where the bowl of milk was placed. When the guests saw the cobra, they were shocked and started, screaming. But the American quickly jumped up and slammed the veranda doors safely shut.

Dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda.

The American naturalist, while watching the hostess observes a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She was staring straight ahead, he muscles contracting slightly.

She gestured to the servant standing behind her chain and whispered something to him. The servant’s eyes widened and he quickly left the room. The American then noticed that the servant placed a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors. In India, Milk in a bowl means – bait for a snake.

He looked up at the rafters – the likeliest place, but they were bare. The three of the room were empty, and in the fourth, the servants were waiting to serve the next course. So he deduced that the cobra might be under the table.

The Hostess.

Yes, I agree that women behave very differently from men in a crisis. Women have more patience though the cobra was crawling across Mrs. Wynnes’s feet she kept her self – control.

The poet likes the sound of: 

1. puppies after they are born. 

2. wind blowing through trees. 

3. waves upon the sand. 

4. crickets and other night creatures.

The poet loves all the shade of the grey during the rain.

The poet says that he loves the sounds produced by birds and the sounds made by puppies, early in the morning, just after they are born.

The poem is about the poet’s love for nature and all things around him.

The poet thanks the lord when he lay down to sleep.

The lesson ‘The Dinner Party” written by Mona Gardner explains about the importance of self-control. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party for the army officers and government officials and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl and a woman.

The American notices the servant place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors. He realizes there must be cobra in the room. The American told all that he would count three hundred, that was five minutes and not one of you is to move a muscle.

Those who move will forfeit fifty rupees. The twenty people sat like stone images by the ti pie the cobra emerged and went to the varanda where the bowl of milk kept. The colonel appreciated the American who has just shown us an example of perfect control.

The poet thanks the lord when he lay down to sleep.

The word ‘Gawai’ means a great singer

Puttaraj Gawai was bom at Devagri, near Karajagi in Haveri District.

1. Ubhaya Gana Visharad 

2. Rajya Sangeeta Vidwan 

3. Nadoja Prashasti 

4. Gana Purandara Prashasti

The notable plays written by Dr. Puttaraj Gawai are Sree Kumareshwara. Kavya, Akkamahadevi Purana, Sati Sukanya, Puratanara Prabhu and Sharanara Basaveshwara Purana. He also wrote and directed a play named ‘Shri Shivayogi Siddarama’. ‘Hema Reddi Mallamma’ and Nellura Nimbekka’ are his most successful plays, to date.

This ashram is specially dedicated to imparting musical knowledge to people who are differently abled especially the visually challenged drawn from all castes, religions and sections of the society.

Pt. Dr. Puttaraj Gawai had lost his eyesight when he was six years old. Despite this inability, he mastered both Hindustani and Carnatic Music and became Ubaya Gana Vishard. He could play many musical instruments such as the veena, Tabala, Mridangam, Dilruba, Shehnai and sarangi and also attained a high degree of mastery over all of them.

Having mastered Kannada, Hindi and Sanskrit, he had authored over 80 outstanding works which include Puranas, biographies, drama, commentaries and texts of music. He has also translated ‘Siddanta Sikhamani’ from Sanskrit and ‘BasavaPurana’ from Kannada to Hindi. He was honoured by the then president of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad. He also edited a monthly magazine ‘Panchakshara Vani’ – a great contribution to Kannada and Veerashiva literature. He set up ‘Sri Guru Kumareshwara Poshita Natya Company’ and also directed many dramas. The Veerashwara Punyashrama has nurtured many artists of national and international fame.

Puttaraj Gawai was born on 3rd March 1914

Yes, I agree with this view. His life – story is a lesson not only to the physically – challenged but also to normal human – beings. He has set an example for all of to follow and achieve.

Dr. Puttaraj Gawai has also been conferred with many titles and awards by many institutions that promote art and culture, recognize talent and service to humanity.