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The policeman was referring to the orders that allowed college students to shout as they would not hurt anything. He said this to a man standing near him when Soapy shouted as if he was drunk thinking that Soapy is a college boy.

(a) Tried to enter a luxurious cafe. 

(b) Threw a stone and broke a shop window. 

(c) Ate heartily at a restaurant and then said he had no money. 

(d) Shouted and howled and raved and danced on the sidewalk. 

(e) Stole an umbrella.

1. The author thought that he would have some time to farm.

2. The author thought that he would have some time to farm.

3. His eyes turned dreamy and he drifted to the past.

4. He explained that if his field alone had Kasbai it would be a treat for the cattle.

5. Only the adivasis still grew it.

1. disconsolate – very unhappy 

2. sauntered – walked in a relaxed manner 

3. raved – spoke wildly 

4. rendered – made

After listening to the anthem, Soapy remembers his earlier life, and is horrified to realize that he has indeed become a degraded person. He decides to pull himself out of the pit into which he has fallen and make a man of himself again. He determines to bring back to his life his old eager ambitions and pursue them. He makes up his mind to take up a job.

It is a very poignant story about a mother named Monna Marianna whose son turns out to be a traitor. She tries to dissuade him from destroying his own city but of no avail. Oscillating between her love for her son and her love for the motherland she plunges a knife into his heart and he dies. Then she plunges the same knife into her own breast and kills herself. This story teaches a lesson of potriotism. The love for the motherland is greater than any other love.

यह मोना मरिअन्ना नामक एक माँ जिसका बेटा एक देशद्रोही निकलता है, के बारे में एक हृदय विदारक कहानी है। वह उसे उसके स्वयं के शहर को नष्ट करने से रोकने के लिए कोशिश करती है लेकिन कुछ लाभ नहीं होता है। अपने बेटे तथा अपने देश के प्रति अपने प्रेम में झूलती हुई, वह उसके हृदय में एक चाकू घुसेड़ती है और वह मर जाती है। फिर वह उसी चाकू को अपने स्वयं के सीने में घुसेड़ती है और अपने आपको मार डालती है। यह कहानी देशभक्ति का पाठ पढ़ाती है। मातृभूमि के प्रति प्रेम, दूसरे प्रेम से महान् होता है।

(i) True

(ii) False

(iii) True

(iv) True

Some other way to enter the limbo must be devised.

1. a. He was glad as the delivery man was willing to help him find out the hack driver.

2. b. Yes, he charged two dollars for his work.

3. c. Narrator bargained to two dollars for an hour.

4. d. To help the narrator find out the hack driver.

5. b. Carriage

Initially Soapy had felt that he would like to pass the winter months in prison, and he makes several efforts to get himself arrested. The notes of anthem transform him from within and he decides to give up his evil ways and become a man again. He resolves to work hard. At that very moment, ironically, a policeman arrests him for loitering and he is sent to prison for three months. Soapy faces the irony of fate as the moment he realizes that real freedom lies in a virtuous life, he is taken into confinement.

Some of the signs of approaching winter are birds begin to fly south, people want new warm coats and dead leaves falling.

Marianna was a woman whose son turned out to be a traitor. She had never felt him apart from her own heart. In silk and velvet he stood before her, his weapons studded with precious stones. All was as it should be, thus had she seen him so many times in her dreams rich, famous and admired. But when she saw another woman, kneeling beside a corpse of her son who had died for his motherland, Marianna felt ashamed. Then she killed her son as well herself as good citizen as well as a good mother.

मरिअन्ना एक औरत थी जिसका बेटा देशद्रोही निकला। उसने उसे कभी भी अपने हृदय से अलग नहीं किया था। रेशम एवं मखमल में वह उसके सामने खड़ा था, उसके हथियार रत्नजड़ित थे। सब कुछ वैसा ही था जैसा होना चाहिए था, अपने पुत्र को स्वप्न में ऐसा ही देखा था–धनवाने, प्रसिद्ध एवं प्रशासित । लेकिन जब उसने दूसरी औरत को अपने बेटे की लाश पर झुके हुए देखा जो अपनी मातृभूमि के लिए मर गया था, मरिअन्ना ने शर्मिन्दगी महसूस की। फिर उसने अपने एक अच्छे नागरिक और एक अच्छी माँ के रूप में अपने बेटे तथा अपने आपको मार डाला।

The woman remarked that Marianna’s son had betrayed the country. May both the mother and the son be cursed !

महिला ने टिप्पणी की कि मरिअन्ना के पुत्र ने देश के साथ धोखा किया। माँ और उसके बेटे दोनों को ही श्राप लगे।

He had set his silk umbrella by the door when he entered.

(a) A soft light glowed through the violetstained window. 

(b) Sweet music drifted out of the quaint, old church. 

(c) There was a full, radiant moon, and few vehicles and pedestrians. 

(d) Sparrows twittered sleepily in the eaves.

The people were despairing and frightened as there was hunger and toil, no hope of help or salvation, and death staring them in the face.

लोग निराश एवं भयभीत थे क्योंकि वहाँ भूख एवं थकान थी, मदद अथवा मुक्ति की आशा न थी तथा मृत्यु उनके चेहरे पर घूरती थी।

Soapy was angry because when he wanted to fall into the clutches of the policemen. In order to be arrested, they seemed to regard him as a king who could do nothing wrong.

1. winter island – prison. 

2. eye fell upon – saw or noticed.

He stood in silk and velvet, his weapons studded with precious stones. He seemed rich, famous and admired.

वह रेशम एवं मखमल में खड़ा था, उसके हथियारों में बहुमूल्य रत्न जड़े थे। वह धनाढ्य, प्रसिद्ध एवं प्रशंसित दिखाई दे रहा था।

Correct answer is (c) son

1. False

2. True

3. True

4. True

5. False

6. True

In the stillness of the night, the groans and cries were more distinctly heard; black shadows crept from the mountains towards the walls of the city and the moon rose like a dented shield.

रात्रि की शांति में चीखें तथा चीत्कारें अधिक स्पष्ट सुनाई देती थीं, काली आकृतियाँ पहाड़ों से रेंगकर शहर की दीवारों की ओर आती थीं तथा चन्द्रमा टूटी-फूटी ढाल के समान नजर आता था।

After a long time Soapy reached one of the avenues to the east.

Soapy came to a standstill on a corner that was unusually quiet.

As a mother she had to remain with her traitor son. But as a citizen she had to love her country against her son. She did both.

एक माँ के रूप में उसको अपने देशद्रोही पुत्रं के साथ रहना था। लेकिन एक नागरिक के रूप में तो उसको अपने पुत्र के विरोध में अपने देश को प्रेम करना था। उसने दोनों ही किये।

The mother told her son that he was destroying his own country. He was the native of that country.

माँ ने अपने पुत्र से कहा कि वह अपने स्वयं के देश को बरबाद कर रहा था। वह तो उस देश में ही पैदा हुआ था तथा वह उसकी मातृभूमि थी।

Another woman feared her son because he was fond of revelry. She feared that he would defame her one day but he sacrificed his life for the country.

दूसरी महिला को अपने पुत्र से डर था क्योंकि वह मौज-मस्ती का शौकीन था। उसे डर था कि वह किसी दिन उसे बुराई दिलायेगा किन्तु उसने राष्ट्र के लिए अपना जीवन बलिदान किया।

The enemy had burned down vineyards, trampled the fields, and cut down the orchards. This exposed the city. Everyday the cannons and muskets of the enemy showered it with lead and iron.

दुश्मन ने अंगूरों के बगीचों को जला दिया, खेतों को रौंद दिया और बीचों को काट डाला। इससे शहर अरक्षित हो गया। करीब रोज ही दुश्मन की तोपें एवं बंदूकें गोले एवं गोलियाँ बरसाते थे।

The traitor’s mother asked the city defenders to kill her. If not, they should allow her to go outside the city to meet her son

देशद्रोही की माँ ने शहर के रक्षकों से उसे मार देने के लिये कहा। यदि ऐसा वे नहीं करें तो वे उसे अपने पुत्र से मिलने के लिये शहर से बाहर जाने दें।

She walked slowly, for her feet were reluctant to tear themselves away from this soil and she bowed to the corpses of the city’s defenders and kicked aside a broken weapon in disgust.

वह धीरे-धीरे चलती थी क्योंकि उसके पैर इस जमीन से दूर नहीं जाना चाहते थे और वह शहर के रक्षकों की लाशों के समक्ष झुकी और उसने एक टूटे हथियार को ठोकर मारकर एक ओर हटा दिया।

Unless he could reach a table in the restaurant unsuspected, success would not be his.

The son had spared the city for long because his mother was there in it. (the city)

पुत्र ने उस शहर को इतने लम्बे समय से बचाये रखा था क्योंकि उसकी माँ वहाँ उस शहर में थी।

From the windows of the houses could be heard the groans of the wounded, the cries of the delirious, the prayers of women and the wailing of children.

घरों की खिड़कियों से घायलों की चीत्कारें अर्द्ध-बेहोश लोगों की चीखें, औरतों की प्रार्थनाएँ तथा बच्चों की चिल्लाहटें सुनी जा सकती थी।

When the son dozed off in her lap, she plunged a knife into his heart and he died. After it she plunged the same knife into her own heart and killed herself.

जब बेटे की उसकी गोद में आँख लग गई, उसने उसके हृदय में एक चाकू घुसेड़ दिया और वह मर गया। इसके बाद उसने उसी चाकू को अपने स्वयं के सीने में घुसेड़ दिया और अपने आपको मार डाला।

Yes, when I was about 12 years old, I stole my friend’s remote-controlled toy car, which his uncle had sent him from abroad. It was a beautiful car. However, when I was playing with it at home my mother saw me, and she made me return the car. I later felt very ashamed of myself, but fortunately my friend forgave me.

One can talk endlessly about Mothers. A mother creates, she protects and to speak to her of destruction means to speak against her. A mother is always opposed to death. The hand that brings death into the house of men is hateful and abhorrent to mothers. She can be as clever and ruthless as she is fearless, when the life she creates and cherishes is in question.

व्यक्ति माताओं के बारे में निरंतर बात कर सकता है। एक माँ जीवन की रचना करती है, उसकी रक्षा करती है और उससे विनाश की बात करना उसके विरुद्ध बोलना है। एक माँ हमेशा मृत्यु के विरुद्ध होती है, जो हाथ मनुष्य के घर में मौत लेकर आता है, वह माताओं के लिए घृणित हाथ होता है। वह उतनी ही चतुर एवं निर्दयी हो। सकती है जितनी कि वह निडर होती है, जब उसके द्वारा रचित एवं पोषित जीवन सन्देहयुक्त हो।

The enemy soldiers described Marianna’s son as a brave soldier. He was clever and they sang his praises.

दुश्मन सिपाहियों ने मरिअन्ना के पुत्र का एक बहादुर सिपाही की तरह वर्णन किया। वह चतुर था और उन्होंने उसकी खूब प्रशंसा की।

The enemy had surrounded the city in a light ring of steel for several weeks.

दुश्मन के सैनिकों ने कई सप्ताहों से शहर को लोहे जैसी घेराबंदी में बंद कर रखा था।

The enemy had thrown corpses into the water resources of the city and burned down the vineyards around the walls.

दुश्मन ने शहर के जल-स्रोतों में लाशें फेंक दी तथा परकोटे के चारों ओर के अंगूरों के बगीचों को जला दिया।

The enemy noose drawing tighter could be seen from the walls. Dark shadows could be seen honering about the fires alongwith the neighing of the horses, clonging of weapons and the songs and laughter of the enemy could be heard.

दीवारों से दुश्मन के घेरे को और कसता हुआ देखा जा सकता था। आग के चारों ओर काली आकृतियों को मँडराते हुए देखा जा सकता था। साथ ही घोड़ों की हिनहिनाहट, हथियारों की खनखनाहट तथा दुश्मन की हंसी एवं गीत सुने जा सकते थे।

For several weeks enemy hosts had surrounded the city in a tight ring of steel. By night fires were lit and the flames peered through the inky blackness at the walls of the city like a myriad red eyes. From the walls, they saw the enemy noose draw tighter. They saw the dark shadows hovering about the fires and heard the neighing of well-fed horses. In the nocturnal stillness the groans and cries were more distinctly audible.

कई सप्ताहों से दुश्मन के सैनिकों ने शहर को लोहे जैसी मजबूत घेराबंदी में बंद कर रखा था। रात को आग जलायी जाती थी और आग की लपटें शहर की दीवारों की ओर गहन अँधेरे में से असंख्य लाल नेत्रों के समान घूरती थीं। शहर की दीवारों से वे दुश्मन के घेरे को और कसता हुआ देखते थे। वे आग के चारों ओर काली आकृतियों को मँडराता देखते थे और पेट भरे हुए घोड़ों की हिनहिनाहट सुनते थे। रात्रि की शांति में कराहटें एवं चीखें अधिक स्पष्ट रूप से सुनाई देती थीं।

Thread AB will break.

AB, because force on the upper thread will be equal to sum of the weight of the body and the applied force.

The distance travelled during the nth second is given by,

s_n = u + a/2(2n – 1), n = 5 and s_n = 60

∴ 60 = u + a/2 (2 × 5 – 1)

60 = u + 9a/2 ………… (1)

Similarly, for n = 8, s_n = 80

∴ 80 = u + a/2 (2 × 8 – 1)

80 = u + 15a/2 …………….. (2)

(2) – (1), gives

20 = 6a/2 = 3a

∴ a = 20/3 ms^-2

Using this in equation (1), we get

60 = u + (9 x 20)/(2 x 3)

u = 60 – 30 = 30 ms^-1 

Reporting a number in the power of ten is called scientific notation, i.e., in this notation, every measurement is written as a × 10^x , where a is a number between 1 to 10 and x is the positive or negative power of 10, e.g.,

1.2 m = 1.20 × 10² cm

= 1.20 × 10³ mm

= 1.20 × 10^-3 km.

As \(\vec{τ}=\vec{τ}\times \vec{F}\)

Here \(\vec{F}= 7\hat{i}+3\hat{j}-5\hat{k}\)

\(\vec{r}= \hat{i}-\hat{j}+\hat{k}\)

τ = \(τ=\begin{vmatrix} \hat{i} & \hat{j} & \hat{k} \\[0.3em] 1 & -1 & 1 \\[0.3em] 7 &3& -5 \end{vmatrix}\)

\(\vec{τ}\) = [(5 - 3)\(\hat{i}\) - (- 5 - 7)\(\hat{j}\) + (3 - (- 7))\(\hat{k}\)]

\(\vec{τ}\)= \(2\hat{i}+12\hat{j}+10\hat{k}\)

"The turning effect of a force about its axis axis of rotation is called moment of force or torque due to the force and is measured as the product of the magnitude of the force and the perpendicular distance of the line of action of the line of action of the force from the axis of rotation."

Its S.I. unit is Nm and its dimensional formula is [ML²T^-2]. 

No, Torques acting on the system due to internal forces cancel out.

They are rolled round from an inclined plane. Hollow body will have more I, hence more K and less acceleration. It will reach later at the bottom.

External force, \(\vec{F}=M\vec{a}_{cm}\)

No, it may lie outside the body. In case of semicircular ring, it is at the centre which is outside the ring.