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(c) 0.01 

22.4 liter of hydrogen gas at STP contains 1 mole. 

∴ 0.224 liter of hydrogen gas at STP will contain 1/22.4 x 0.224 = 0.01

FeO is iron (II) oxide 

Fe₂O₃ is iron (III) oxide

When a weak acid reacts with a strong base, there is incomplete ionization of the acid and there are OH– ions in the solution from strong base. Due to this, the resulting solution is alkaline.

In black and white photography, AgBr gets decomposed due to light and forms Ag and bromine gas.

(Fe₂O₃.2H₂O)

Chloroform has a tendency to react with oxygen from air. This reaction results in production of phosgene which is a poisonous gas. Ethanol is added to chloroform to prevent this reaction.

The reaction in which a substance looses hydrogen or gains oxygen, is called oxidation reaction. In the given reaction C is oxidized as it gains oxygen and ZnO is reduced as it looses oxygen.

Oxygen and moisture.

Based on the cause of reaction, decomposition reactions are of following types:

• Electrical Decomposition: When electric current is passed through molten or aqueous form of a substance and the substance dissociates into two or more products.
• Thermal Decomposition: When decomposition reaction takes place due to heat, it is called thermal decomposition.
• Photo Decomposition: When decomposition reaction takes place due to light, it is called photo decomposition.

Corrosion: Metals when kept exposed, it reacts with air moisture, acids and other gases present in atmosphere and get corrode. This process is called corrosion. Rusting: Iron metal when left exposed, it reacts with moisture and air and get coated with reddish brown powdery substance called rust, this process is called rusting. Rancidity: Food containing fats and oil when exposed to air gets oxidised and gives bad taste and smell to food. This process is called rancidity

When an element loses electrons, it results in oxidation of that element. When an element gains electrons, its results in reduction of that element. 

Oxidation:

Na → Na⁺+ e^–; 2Cl^– → Cl₂ + 2e^–
Reduction: Cl + e^– → Cl^–; Mg²⁺ + 2e^– → Mg

CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂ 

CaO is a solid and carbon dioxide is a gas.

(c) 4NH₃ + 5O₂ → 4NO + 6H₂O

(i) Rancidity: Fat and oil containing food when kept open in air gets oxidised and become rancid due to which the taste and smell of food changes. 

(ii) Two methods to reduce rancidity are keep the food in closed containers and use antioxidants. 

(iii) Corrosion is seen in metals, when kept exposed to form a layer of compound by reaction of metal with moisture, acid or gases present in it. Rusting is the process in which iron metal reacts with air and moisture to form brownish flaky substance called rust.

(c) Reducing agent

Metal articles react with the gases present in the air and their surface gets coated with the layer of compound it forms making them look dull and the lustre is lost. For example, aluminium metal reacts readily with oxygen to form aluminium oxide and its surface becomes dull.

Exothermic reaction: In this reaction heat is given out during the reaction. Endothermic reaction: In this reaction heat is taken in to break the bonds and to form new compounds.

Respiration and water added to lime.

CaCO₃(s)+ heat → CaO(s) +CO₂(g)

ZnCO₃(s) + heat → ZnO(s) + CO₂(g)

Photosynthesis is a reaction in which energy is required to form glucose from carbon dioxide and water. Energy in the form of sunlight is required to break the bonds of hydrogen and oxygen. Hence it is termed as endothermic reaction.

(a) Decomposition

(a) Heat is released

Homogeneous catalyst, heterogeneous catalyst, positive catalyst, negative catalyst, autocatalyst, bio-catalyst.

Catalyst promoter enhances the action of a catalyst, while catalyst poison suppresses the action of a catalyst.

(c) Autocatalysis

Correct answer is (d) ⇌

(a) Oxidation

Love is meaningful when it bears fruits of service, service of mankind.

The bending of one’s knees means to surrender before a powerful person. Here, the poet prays to God to give him the strength to resist and not to bend the knees before a tyrant.

He wants to raise his head above petty and ordinary things and surrender his strength before the will of God.

The poet wants strength to bear joys and sorrows. He wants strength to make his love fruitful in service. He needs strength never to disown the poor or bow before a tyrant. Moreover, the poet needs strength to avoid the daily trifles and submit his will to the will of God.

The poet wants to raise his mind high above the daily trifles so that he would not be involved in the issues that fill his heart with malice and prejudice.

The poet implores God to strike at his heart to remove the hardheartedness and remake it with love and compassion. He wants to be a loving and caring human beings.

1. Superlative Degree 

2. Superlative Degree 

3. Superlative Degree 

4. Positive Degree 

5. Superlative Degree 

6. Positive Degree 

7. Superlative Degree 

8. Positive Degree 

9. Comparative Degree 

10. Superlative Degree

(b) joys and sorrows

Answer is (c) penury

1. Borra Caves are the longest caves in Eastern Ghats. (S) 

2. The Krishna is longer than the Penna. (C) 

3. There are many big buildings in our town. (P) 

4. Iron is heavier than Silver. (C) 

5. Araku Valley is one of the most beautiful places. (S) 

6. The Pacific is the deepest ocean in the world. (S) 

7. The horse does not run so fast as the cheetah. (P) 

8. Australia is not so big as India. (P) 

9. There are many strong players in our team. (P) 

10. India is one of the largest countries in the world (S)

1. at 

2. from 

3. below 

4. on 

5. above 

6. onto 

7. towards 

8. along 

9. down 

10. in

The train also passed above the Borra Caves. 

We got down at Borra Caves by quarter to 10 am. 

The train journey from Visakhapatnam to Borra Caves made us speechless and gave an unforgettable experience.

1. joined 

2. were 

3. passed 

4. won 

5. wrote, went

1. just 

2. ever 

3. since 

4. for 

5. yet 

6. already

1. Is Mr. Ravi at home? 

No, he already left for work. 

2. When does the train to Kakinada arrive? 

It has just left. 

3. The Chief Guest hasn’t arrived yet. 

4. I have lived in Vijayawada for a long time. 

5. I have lived in Delhi since 2004.

6. Have you ever been to a circus?

1. went 

2. met 

3. bought 

4. discovered 

5. appreciated

The author had desire to complete post graduation. In 1939 he came to England. There he got opportunity to get himself identified with all fairness, tolerance and freedoms. Perhaps, the environment in England was according to the needs of his ideal.

लेखक की इच्छा थी कि वे स्नातकोत्तर की पढ़ाई करे। इस खातिर वे 1939 में इंग्लैंड आए। वहाँ उन्हें स्वयं को पहचानने के लिए निष्पक्षता, सहनशीलता और स्वतंत्रता का अनुभव हुआ, इसके अलावा वहाँ की सरकार के कार्य भी उन्हें अपनी कल्पना के अनुकूल दिखे।

(i) People should use dustbins for accumulating dirt and trash 

(ii) Eeopie snould be made aware of cuseases due to dirt and dirty environment 

(iii) Responsibility snould ce given 11 the cleaners.

(iv) Fine should ne cnarged ter makir % the surrounding dirty.

The author’s ideal always help him when he was young. It helped him in his school days. He always worked hard to make the grade. His ideal motivated him in his college and university years. His deep faith in the British ways of life never perused him to adopt the American citizenship.

लेखक जिस समय जवान हुए तो उनके आदर्श ने उनकी सहायता हर प्रकार से की। इसने उनके स्कूल के दिनों में सहायता की। वे हमेशा अच्छे ग्रेड लाने के लिए कठोर मेहनत करते थे। उनके आदर्श ने उन्हें कालेज और युनिवर्सिटी के वर्षों में भी सहायता की। उनके ब्रिटिश जीवन शैली में गहरे विश्वास ने कभी बाधा डालने का काम किया ताकि वे अमेरिकी नागरिकता को ग्रहण कर ले।

Yes, maintaining cleanliness at roads, streets, colonies etc. is also our responsibility.

The writer’s view on freedom had a broad base. He believed in the freedom of a place to live in where his mind could be free in real sense. But he wanted to live after paying the price for his dwelling. Certainly he had no idea to live free of cost. Besides, he wanted to have freedom so that he could adopt the kind of job he liked and for which he was trained. He never wanted his racial or religious origins should ruin his sense of freedom. So, he liked freedom in the true sense.

लेखका का स्वतंत्रता को लेकर बड़ा विस्तृत विचार था। उनका मानना था कि स्वतंत्रता का अर्थ उस स्थान से है जहाँ पर हमारा मन सही मायने में अपूर्व शांति का अनुभव कर सके। निश्चय ही उनके पास किसी शर्त पर स्वतंत्र रहने का कोई विचार नहीं था। इसके तहत उनकी यह भी इच्छा थी कि वे अपनी इच्छा के अनुरूप काम कर पाने वाली नौकरी करे जिसका प्रशिक्षण उन्होंने लिया था। वे कभी नहीं चाहते थे कि उनका धर्म और मूल स्थान उसके स्वतंत्रता के अर्थ में प्रभावी हो। इसलिए वे सही मायने में स्वतंत्रता के पक्षघर थे।

The author believed in the British way of life. He held his ideal for all the twenty eight years. He had grown-up British in every sense. His father and even forefathers no complaint about British. He had English poetry, prose and liked British heroes.

लेखक का विश्वास ब्रिटिश जीवन शैली में था। लगातार 28 वर्षों तक वह उसका आदर्श रहा। उनका लालन-पालन ब्रिटिश जीवन शैली में ही हुआ था। उसके पिता, यहाँ तक कि दादा ने भी कभी इसके बारे में कोई शिकायत नहीं की थी। वे अंग्रेजी कहानी, कविता और यहाँ तक कि अंग्रेजी साहित्य के नायकों को ही पसंद करते थे।