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1. It blocks the way of rivers, road and result in the imbalance of human life. 

2. Loss of lives and property occur. 

3. Blocking of rivers results in the formation of lakes.

On 3 Dec. 1984 a big incident occur due to leakage of chemical gas in Bhopal.

The three types of famine are as follows: 

1. Akal: When production of crops fail due to less rainfall and causes starvation. 

2. Dvikal: When production of crops and fodder fail due to less rainfall. 

3. Trikal: When less rainfall occur, insufficient production of grain, fodder and insufficient availability of drinking water occur.

The main causes of flood in India are: 

1. Receives a high average rainfall. 

2. Non-availability of drainage due to excess rainfall. 

3. Indiscriminate deforestation in catchment areas and upper reaches results in soil erosion and consequent silting of river courses. 

4. Overgrazing in the hills leaves the soil without cover. 

5. Farming practices like shifting cultivation result in loss of vegetation cover and consequent soil erosion and consequently lead to silting of rivers and causes flood.

The Northern mountains and foothills, i.e. Himalayas are the most earthquake- prone area in India because it is young fold mountain which are not stable and still under the process of formation.

Air is a mixture of gases, The major constituents of air are nitrogen, oxygen, carbondioxide, and argon, The percentage composition of constituents of air are as given below consult author for percentage of components of air. Other components of air are water vapour and dust particles.

c. Hot air does not play any role in rising up the balloon

(c) Air contains water vapour

Stomata : The process of breathing takes place with the help of small openings in the leaves called stomata

correct answer is  Atmosphere

Process of rolling down soil and rocks from upper slopes is called rock sliding. If the rock sliding is in a great scale then a sound of thunder occurs.

Change is the continuous process of nature. Those changes which are in the interest of man kind are considered as boon of nature but when changes are not beneficial to man they are called curse of nature or natural disaster. Natural disaster is a change or event which occurs in few seconds. Problems resulted after happening are called dangers cause by Natural disaster.

For disaster one reason is not responsible but combined reasons are responsible. External and internal forces of earth directly affect the disaster, for example, Earthquake, Volcano etc. unwise and continuous exploitation of resources by man, use of earth in different ways by growing population have deformed the earth. Deforestation, weathering of rocks, water crises are the result of such activities. Such problems have given birth to global warming.

All these above mentioned causes are combinedly responsible for natural calamities.

Natural balance is disturbed by man due to man’s greedyness and consumer satisfaction view. For his blind development he has disturbed the balance of nature. Man’s activity are indirectly inviting these natural disaster.

Classification of Natural disaster on the basis of origin:

1. Change in earth: Calamities which occur due to sudden change inside the earth. 

For example: Earthquake, rock sliding, glaciers sliding and volcano. In India volcanoes are not active. 

2. Seasonal calamities: They are caused by seasonal change. 

For example: Cyclones, Tsunami, flood, etc. 

3. Calamities caused by living beings: They are caused by bacteria and living things. 

For example: epidemics, dead animals, plague, malaria, etc.

Management is a process done by an individual society and government level before and after the disaster to control the loss of property and lives.

Technical and scientific development has increased the use of chemicals in daily life in the form of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, chlorination to purify water plants, etc. These simple chemicals have polluted the atmosphere. Some dangerous chemicals are found in every house like hair spray, deodorant, nail-paint, nail paint remover, toilet cleaner. Some very sensitive flamable and cheap explosive chemicals are used by terrorists which cause great accidents. Unsafe use of their chemicals and their storage as well as leakage is harmful to whole community

In India in 1984 leakage of Poisonous gas from insecticide manufacturing industry Union Carbide in Bhopal city took 3000 lives in few hours, those who left are suffering from diseases.

Security Measures:

1. Such industries should be established away from residential. 

2. People leaving around and workers should be made informed and trained against such accidents. 

3. Industrial waste of such industries must treated before disposal so environment could be protected. 

4. Insurance and security laws should be followed strictly.

Sea storms are called cyclones in India. They originate in hot currents and enter in India from Indian ocean then crossing Bay of Bengal reach to India as well as from Arabian sea. They are less humid when they reach to coastal regions cause heavy rainfall as they move interior amount rainfall goes on decreasing due to high speed and heavy rainfall they cause destruction in coastal regions.

Causes of origin due to condensation and evaporation in summer season an around the surface of ocean moves up and cause low pressure to fill it arid enters from all sides this cause cyclones or storms. Their impact depends upon temperature in North Western India and centre of low pressure. In winters also cyclones occurs in North west India they cause rain in winters in North West India called “Mawaf useful for Rabi crop.

Correct answer is (b) Oxygen

Correct answer is (a) Nitrogen

Take some water in a glass vessel or beaker. Heat it slowly on a tripod stand. Look carefully at the inner surface of the vessel, before reaching to its boiling point, the bubble of air start rising from bottom to surface. These bubbles come from the air dissolved in water.

Plants respire through stomata of leaves and lenticels of stem. The roots also respire.

The correct answer is D) All the above.

Subway is a passage for tresspasses where traffic jams occur to avoid accidents and control traffic jams.

Sharing of a car be many passengers is called pooling of car.

Carpooling (also car-sharing, ride-sharing and lift-sharing) is the sharing of car journeys so that more than one person travels in a car, and prevents the need for others to have to drive to a location themselves. 

The blanket of gases that surround the earth is called Atmosphere.

Place a burning candle upright in a tray having water. Cover it with a glass jar. Water will make it air-tight. During burning, oxygen is consumed and carbon-dioxide is released. After sometime no oxygen is left inside the jar and flame goes out. It shows air support burning.

Correct option is (b) IRV

1. Plants take in oxygen and leave out carbondioxide in breathing.

2. They breathe through stomata, lenticels and root hairs.

Correct Answer is: (b) Damodar

Plants take in CO₂ in during photosynthesis and give out oxygen into the atmosphere, while animals take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide during respiration, In this way, plants and animals help each other in the exchange of gases in the atmosphere.

Correct answer is (c) Oxygen

Step 1: Two shallow containers are taken and burning candles are fitted into it. 

step 2: Now, water is filled in the container at two different levels. 

Step 3: Both the candles are then covered with glass. 

Step 4: After sometime, we observe that the candles having less water in its container stops burning. This happened because the container having more water contains more oxygen and therefore it bums for more time, Thus, it is proved that air support burning.

1. Pollen tube grows 

2. Generative nucleus divides 

3. Sperms are formed 

4. Fertilization takes place 

5. Zygote is formed 

6. Foetus is developed

1. Humans, and some other animals have only lungs for breathing.

2. But lungs cannot absorb the oxygen from the water. 

3. Hence, they cannot take breathe in water.

COVID -19 was the new disease that created a global impact recently.

In our state, geographical and climatic conditions are more suitable for growing rice. So we prefer rice items more in our area.

Oxygen gas in the atmosphere is essential for respiration.

The correct answer is D) Rice

Correct option is (d) Diaphragm

No, the blood in all organisms is not same as in humans. 

For example, the colour of human blood is red whereas blue in prawns.

• The cooking is very diverse due to the vast spread of the people and varied tropical regions in A.P. 
• Rice, Dal, Tomato, Gongura, and Tamarind are largely used for cooking curries. 
• Spicy and hot varieties such as pickles form an important part of Telugu cuisine. 
• Different communities have their own variations and the rural areas still follow the centuries-old cooking habits and recipes.
• Idly, dosa, poori and curd rice with onion is the famous varieties as the breakfast dishes. 
• Broad varieties of pickles are used for preserving some of the vegetables and fruits throughout the year. 
• Pakodi, janthikalu, pea snacks (guggillu), bajji are used as snacks. 
• Sweets and savories form an important part of Telugu culture made on festive and auspicious occasions.

Air contains some water vapour, dust particles and gases. The gases in air are mainly nitrogen, oxygen, small amount of carbon dioxide, and many other gases. In fact, nitrogen and oxygen together make up 99% of the air. The remaining 1% is constituted by carbon dioxide and a few other gases, water vapour and dust particles.

(a) Packaging materials like thermocole, foam sheets, paper cuttings, cardboard, jute are used to protect the articles. Card boxes, plastic containers and tin containers are used to facilitate transportation of the packed materials.

(b) Packaging of toys, clothes, shoes, chocolates can be reduced.

(c) We use packaging materials to protect the articles and also to make package good-looking. For example, to give a gift on birthday, the gift is packed and wrapped in a shiny paper or plastic-coated paper. After use the packing material is thrown in dustbin.

Similarly, plastic bags, cans, aluminium foils, plastic or aluminium cans and other packaging materials are used and thrown out after use. Many things such as ghee, refined oil, soaps, detergents and most of eatable goods are sold in small packets. All the above said measures can help in reducing the amount of garbage due to packing.

Avoiding food in order to become slim causes many diseases like anorexia. Overeating causes obesity and other chronic diseases.

Prawns, snails and crabs have blue coloured blood.

Air is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour and a few other gases. Some dust particles may also be present in it.

Correct option is (b) cyclosis

(a) It is the imaginary position of the market

When average revenue is constant, marginal revenue is also constant.

Following are the two features of monopoly market:

1. There is a single producer or seller of the commodity.
2. This is an imaginary situation, absolute monopoly is not found in reality.

The average revenue curve and marginal revenue curve slope downwards from left to right and it is similar in monopolistic competition.

(b) Imaginary Position of Market