Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

1. राइबोज शर्करा – C₅H₁₀O₅ तथा 

2. डीऑक्सीराइबोज शर्करा – C₅H₁₀O₄

Correct option is: (a) Holstein

Correct option is: (c) MON 810

• Sericulture is the rearing of silkworms (moths) for production of silk. 
• Bombyx mori is the most commonly used variety of silkworm for this purpose. 
• The life cycle of silkworm consist of four stages namely egg, larva, pupa and adult.
• Thousands of eggs deposited by female moths are incubated artificially to shorten the incubation period. 
• Larvae hatching out of eggs are released on mulberry plants. 
• Larvae are nourished by feeding on mulberry leaves. 
• After feeding for 3-4 days, larvae move to branches of mulberry plant. 
• The silk thread is formed from the secretion of their salivary glands.
• Larvae spin this thread around themselves to form a cocoon. The cocoon may be spherical in nature.
• Ten days before the pupa turns into an adult, all the cocoons are transferred into boiling water. 
• Due to the boiling water, the pupa dies in the cocoon and silk fibres become loose. 
• These fibres are unwound, processed and reeled. Various kinds of fabric is woven from silk threads.

• Genetic engineering is the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material. 
• An organism that is generated through genetic engineering is called a genetically modified organism (GMO).
• Genetic engineering is applied in many fields like research, agriculture, industrial biotechnology and medicine.
• In agriculture, genetic engineering is used in the production of cash crops, improvement in varieties of cash crops, increase in ability of plants to withstand environmental stresses.
• In medicine, genetic engineering is used for vaccine production, early diagnosis of congenital disease, organ transplant, cancer research, production of artificial skin, cartilage etc. in laboratories.

Correctly matched column:

Yes, we can see the squarish and pentagonal shapes. This is the stratified squamous epithelium present on the outer layer of skin.

1. A group of cells having the same origin, same structure and same function is called tissue.

2. When cells acquire a specific structure, shape and location and perform a specific function, it is called differentiation.

3. The techniques of bringing about improvements in living organisms by artificial genetic changes and by hybridization for the welfare of human beings, are together called ‘Biotechnology’.

4. Ex vivo growth of cells or tissues in an aseptic and nutrient-rich medium’ is called tissue culture.

• The cells of striated muscles are long, cylindrical, multinucleate and have no branches. 
• These are alternate dark and light bands on these muscles. 
• As they are attached to bones, they are also called skeletal muscles. 
• They move as per our will, hence they are called voluntary muscles. 
• Striated muscles bring about movements of arms and legs, running, speaking etc.

The techniques of bringing about improvements in living organisms by artificial genetic changes and by hybridization for the welfare of human beings, are together called biotechnology. Impact of biotechnology on agricultural management:

• Genetically modified crops (GM crops) are being produced by introducing changes in DNA of natural crops.
• Normally such varieties are not found in nature.
• Thus, new varieties are produced artificially Different useful characters are introduced in such varieties.
• Some naturally occurring varieties cannot withstand environmental stress like frequently changing temperature.
• Wet and dry famines, changing climates etc. However, GM crops can grow in any of such adverse conditions.
• As GM crops are resistant to insect pests, pathogens, chemical weedicides, etc. the use of harmful chemicals like pesticides can be avoided.
• Due to use of seeds of GM crops, there is improvement in nutritive value and decrease in loss of crops.

Diaphragm is a skeletal muscle. It is an involuntary muscle that regulates breathing, although some voluntary control can be achieved.

• The two main techniques used in biotechnology are – Genetic engineering and tissue culture. 
• These techniques are used to bring about improvements in living organisms by artificial genetic changes and by hybridization for the welfare of human beings. 
• Its uses are in the production of cash crops, improvement in varieties of cash crops, early diagnosis of congenital diseases, organ transplant, cancer research, production of artificial skin, cartilage etc. in laboratories.

• Xylem is a complex permanent tissue in plants. 
• It consists of thick-walled dead cells.
• The type of cells in xylem are trachieds, vessels, xylem fibres (dead cells) and xylem parenchyma (living cells).
• Its structure is like interconnected tubes conduct water and minerals only in upward direction.

• Growth in animals is uniform whereas the growth in plants occurs in specific parts of the body. 
• Growth in animals occurs for a certain period of life whereas the growth in plants occur throughout their life.

(i) The business that are complementary to agriculture and generate supplementary income for the farmers are called agro complementary business.

(ii) These include: 

• Animal Husbandry: It is practiced for milk production and for using the cattle as help in farming operations, e.g. cows and buffaloes are raised for milk whereas bulls and male buffaloes for pulling heavy loads.
• Poultry farming: It is the rearing of egg and meat yielding chickens. Chickens raised for eggs are called layers while those raised for meat are called broilers.
• Sericulture: It is the rearing of silkworms (moths) for silk production. The silk fibres obtained are processed, reeled and then woven into fabric.

No. The structure and functions of the bodies of plants and animals are not the same. 

Some differences between plants and animals:

• A complex tissue is made up of more than one type of cells. 
• In blood, cells of different types, colour and shapes are mixed together. 
• Blood contains erythrocytes (RBCs), leucocytes (WBCs) and platelets in a liquid plasma. 
• Therefore, blood is a complex tissue.

• A permanent slide of blood smear under a compound microscope shows different types of cells like RBCs, WBCs and platelets. 
• The different types of WBCs that can be seen are eosin mphocytes.

• The branch of agriculture which deals with the feeding, shelter, health and breeding of domestic animals is called animal husbandry.
• It is a scientific and systematic management of livestock.
• Animal husbandry practices include: 

(a) Proper food and clean drinking water. 

(b) Proper shelter 

(c) Proper methods of breeding 

(d) Prevention and cure of disease.

• Animal husbandary practices serve as an alternative income for the farmers and help to satisfy the need of food for man.

• Rearing of egg and meat yielding chickens is called poultry farming.
• Chickens raised for laying eggs are called layers . e.g. Leghorn, Minorca, Ancona, Lehman.
• Chickens raised for meat are called broilers, e.g. Brahma, Long, Cochin, Aseel.
• Rhode Island Red, New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock, Black Rock are varieties of chicken reared for both eggs as well as meat.
• The objectives behind development of new hybrid varieties from a cross between Indian varieties like Aseel and exotic varieties like Leghorn are to produce good quality chickens in large numbers.
• To develop the ability to withstand high temperature, to use by-products of agriculture as poultry feed, etc.

We cannot see our organs like the heart, blood vessels and intestines as they are located inside the body.

Some of the GM crops are: 

(a) Maize: MON 810, MON 863 

(b) Rice: Golden rice 

(c) Brinjal: BT brinjal 

(d) Cotton: BT cotton

• Effects of GM Crops on human beings: GM crops may cause toxicity and allergic reactions in human.
• Effects of GM Crops on environment: 
• (a) GM crops may be toxic to pollinators and non-target species like butterflies. 
• (b) Many GM crops may be a threat to soil ecosystem as they secrete their toxins into the soil.

• White revolution was the programme launched by the National Dairy Development Board to increase the milk production in India. 
• Dr. Verghese Kurien was the pioneer of white revolution.
• It transformed India from a milk-deficient nation to the largest producer of milk. It also helped the dairy farmers in directing their own development and empowering them.

It also helped to reduce the malpractices carried out by milk traders and merchants.

(i) Goitre

(ii) Diabetes.

Good habits to beat the exam stress :

(i) Regular study hours.

(ii) Taking balanced.,4ight diet.

(iii) Exercise/u.alk with good speed in the morning/ evening.

(iv) Regular break.

Associated Value: The learners will be able to handle exam stress in a better way by following disciplined and planned studies.

(i) Diabetes (Type-Il).

(ii) Regular exercise, taking a balanced diet to avoid sweet food item, cola etc.

Associated Value: The learner will understand that diabetes is a metabolic disease and can be controlled with a balanced diet and regular exercise.

Chewing is an action which person performs according to his/her will and involves skeletal muscles. Therefore, chewing is an involuntary action.

The answer is (d) Chewing

Digestion is an involuntary action as it does not involve the thinking process and is performed unknowingly by our digestive system.

Reflex action.

Functions of hindbrain: 

(i) Cerebellum: 

1. Cerebellum is a primary centre for the control of equilibrium, posture, balancing and orientation.

2. Neuromuscular activities are regulated by the cerebellum. 

3. Coordination of walking, running, speaking, etc. is under the control of hindbrain.

(ii) Pons:

1. Activities of two cerebellar hemispheres are coordinated by pons. 

2. Nerve fibres cross over in this area and thus the right side of the brain controls the left part of the body and vice versa. 

3. Pons controls the consciousness of the brain. 

4. Breathing centre is located in pons along with medulla.

(iii) Medulla oblongata:

1. Medulla oblongata controls all the involuntary activities such as heartbeats, respiration, vasomotor activities. 

2. Peristalsis and reflex actions such as coughing, sneezing, swallowing, etc. are also under the control of medulla oblongata. 

3. Medulla oblongata is essential for all the vital functions of the body.

(a) There are 5 sense organs: Eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin.  

(b) A receptor is a cell (or a group of cells) in a sense organ which is sensitive to a particular  type of stimulus (or a particular type of change in the environment).  Example: Photoreceptors and Phonoreceptors.An effecter is the part of the body which can  respond to the stimulus according to the instructions sent from the nervous system (spinal  cord and brain).  Example: Muscles and glands.

(a) Muscle; glands.

(b) Nervous; sensory; motor.

(c) Sensory.

(d) Motor

Given statement is true.

Explanation- Hindbrain consists of three parts- Pons, Medulla and Cerebellum

Correct answer is (a) two cerebral hemispheres

Given statement is false.

Explanation- Blood pressure, salivation and vomiting are controlled by the medulla oblongata. Therefore, given statement is false.

The correct answer is (iv) CrO₂

(iv) CrO₂  oxides shows electrical properties like metals.

Correct option is (d) ganglion

1. (i) Thermoreceptor

2. (ii) Spinal cord

3. (iii) Relay neuron

4. (i) Reflex action

5. (i) Muscle (of arm)

Correct answer is (b) medulla oblongata

Centriole is responsible for carrying out cell division but in neurons, centrioles are absent so they do not divide. Another reason why neurons don’t divide is that they are linked with a brain so each time it will become difficult for the brain to reset the memory. That is why neurons do not divide.

Correct answer is (c) Photoreceptors

Correct answer is (c) equilibrium

Adrenaline is secreted by adrenal glands directly into the blood. 

The target organ is Heart.

(a) E
(b) D
(c) B
(d) The noble gases.
(e) D has bigger atomic radius. The atomic radius decreases in moving from left to right along a period. This is due to an increase in nuclear charge which tends to pull the electrons closer to the nucleus and reduces the size of the atom.

Cerebellum is located in hind-brain and is responsible for maintaining the balance and posture of the body.

A. Auxin is a growth hormone and is responsible for cell elongation. 

B. Gibberellins help in stem growth, seed germination and flowering.