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Before the law, all are Equal

Fights land us in a difficult situation. They fill hatred against one another, poison our minds, and cause the feeling of segregation. Due to fights, we lack peace and happiness. To sum up, fights result in our sorrow.

• Minimum 20 years of imprisonment. 
• Recruitment of women police to address the complaints from the victims. 
• It is not necessary for the victim to attend before the police officers individually. 
• There will be no punishment if the accused dies in struggle at the time of attack with acid on women. 
• There is a scope to shoot video at the time of complaining and trial on the request of the victims.

1. Only legislation and law enforcement agencies cannot prevent the incident of crime against women.

2. There is a need of social awakening and change in the attitude of masses, so that due respect and equal status is given to women.

C) 1 – c, 2 – a, 3 – b

India is a country of various cultures, traditions and languages. Still it has one heart. Our cultural heritage serves as a bond of unity between the people of different faiths and creeds. People have sought to develop to achieve a desirable goal of unity amidst diversity.

There will be no punishment if the accused dies in struggle at the time of attack with acid on Women

The punishment for sexual assault and torturing is 20 year

It is a request for Indians to keep their nation strong and not to disturb the nation with internal disputes. In order to symbolise the charm of the nation, we should maintain unity irrespective of caste, region or religion. Instead of creating problems, we should solve the incomplete tasks. Violence leads to sorrow, so let us not lose our lives in hatred. Instead, love one another to make our country sacred. There are still many aspects to be concentrated upon. So let us give a serious, humble thought for the development of the nation. There are people who cheat one another, perform rot and make their life hopeless. The communal riots lead us to shame and disgrace which can be controlled with the wilful nature towards triumphant India. Let us make the saying Unity is Strength’ a truthful proverb and build up a strong nation. This is possible only through commitment, determination, and courage to face challenges.

The punishment to the brothel housekeepers (imprisonment) is 2 – 3

The Constitution was finally adopted by the CA on 26th November 1949 and it came into force on 26th January 1950.

1. League was able to convince the Muslim masses of the benefits and need for a separate nation. 

2. Peasants could think of a state where Hindu Zamindars and Moneylenders did not exploit them. 

3. Traders, businessmen and job seekers could think of a state where competition from Hindu traders, businessmen and job seekers would not be there. 

4. There would be greater religious freedom. 

5. Muslims had the fears of Hindu domination. 

6. Their doubt was that it is difficult to protect their interests in an Indian Government. 

7. i) What about their future in Independent India ? 

ii) How would be their conditions as minorities ? etc.

C) Federal Constitution

The members from the princely states were not elected at all and were decided through consultation with the concerned princely states. Such a decision was taken keeping in view the special situation that had arisen due to intense political activity on the eve of freedom and mounting tensions among the people.

Correct answer is Socialistic and secular.

The process of making a Constitution is a process of debate, discussion, ironing out differences and working out a framework acceptable to all conflicting opinions.

Correct answer is Japan

There were 7 members in the Drafting Committee of the Constitution.

The Constitution of India was prepared and adopted by the Constituent Assembly. This was the culmination of the long struggle of the Indian people for freedom from British colonial rule.

“Untouchability” was left undefined in our Constitution.

The Constituent Assembly was formed in 1946 following the election to the provincial assemblies.

Correct answer is 1946.

Correct answer is Federal Constitution.

1. Federal type of Constitution gives definite powers to both Central and State governments.

2. A Federal Constitution is marked by the existence of a central polity and subsidiary polities side by side and by each being sovereign in the field assigned to it.

Correct answer is 400 million.

Correct answer is  26 members.

A ‘Drafting Committee’ was set up under the chairmanship of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and its task was to prepare the final draft taking in account all view points.

The two principal forms of the Constitution are known to history – one is called Unitary and the other Federal.

The Civil Procedure Code, Penal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code, the Evidence Act, Transfer of Property Act.

1. President occupies the same position as the king under the English Constitution.

2. His position is not hereditary like king but elected. 

3. He represents the nation but not rule the nation. 

4. He generally bound by the advice of Ministers.

1. Unitary type of Constitution gives more powers to the governments at the centre. 

2. Two essential characteristics of a unitary Constitution are the supremacy of the central polity and the absence of subsidiary sovereign polities.

The Directive Principles of State Policy set out the main social system before the government.

The means adopted by the Draft Constitution are three 

1. a single judiciary, 

2. uniformity – in fundamental laws, civil and criminal, and 

3. a common All-India Civil Service Jo main important posts.

CA. : Constituent Assembly.

1. The traditional notion of democracy has always upheld the voice of the majority over the minority. 

2. So it is the fundamental importance that the minority is protected against discrimination and exploitation. 

3. Basically India is a democratic state. In any democracy there is always a danger that the interest of majority conflicts with the interest of minorities. It may not be also.

4. If there is such a conflict, it is the interest of majority which will override the interest of the minority even if it happens to an unjust interest. 

5. So it is felt that majority based elections are not enough to help minorities.

The speeches on the draft Constitution before CA are recorded in the proceedings of C.A. of India.

They were appointed through UPSC.

The caste system was the cause of untouchability.

One important aspect of social engineering is the problem of the right of minorities. The sad experience of suppression of Jewish minority in Nazi Germany weighed in the minds of the Constitution makers. They decided to give special protection to the minority community so that they don’t feel marginalised by the majority.

Marshall Plan was introduced by America to provide financial help for a revival of the European economy.

1. This was the first page of “The Statesman” Newspaper dated Friday, August 15,1947. 

2. There is political freedom for the fifth of Human race as Two Dominions are born. 

3. Nehru’s reply to Mr. Attlee that there will be close friendship with the Britain. 

4. The excellency MnC. Rajagopalachari Sworn as first Governer of West Bengal. 

5. We can see joyful sceffnes in Calcutta celebrations by Hindus and muslims. 

6. First Cabinet of India begins to function headed by Pandit Nehru. 

7. The meeting of Mahatma was listened without interruption. 

8. And some ad like OMEGA watch is seen here.

Maulana Hasrat Mohani, Damodar Swarup Seth.

Under federal polity there are more than one government and in the Indian context we have  them at Central and State levels. You belong to Andhra Pradesh state while you belong to Indian nation.

1. The framers of the Indian Constitution rejected the idea of dual citizenship. 

2. When there is dual citizen, one is for India and other for the state. 

3. In such a federal system, rules and laws differ for union and each state. 

4. It may not be possible to keep them united. 

5. Our Constitution framers showed uniformity in all basic matters which are essential to maintain the unity of the country. 

6. So they did not recommend dual citizenship.

Germany and France.

Amending the articles in the Constitution can be initiated only by the Parliament. And it needs the approval of 2/3rd members in both the houses of parliament – Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. And some articles may be amended only with acceptance (or ratification) from the state legislature as well. It is further necessary that the President of the ” country also approves the new amendment bill like other laws.

Correct answer is (c) (I) (III) (VI) (VII)

a) There was no unanimity of opinion on all provisions during CA debates. 

b) The makers of Constitution represented all the regions of the country. 

c) Constitution provides certain provisions to amend articles in it. 

d) The Supreme Court of India has said that basic features of Constitution cannot be amended.

ASEAN Regional Forum was established in 1994 to carry out coordination and foreign policy among ASEAN members.