Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

1. Sovereign Power 

2. Democracy 

3. Liberty

4. Justice 

5. Faith

1. We adopted our Constitution by referring other Constitutions and after having a number of debates on the principles. 

2. We adopted unitary but federal governments. 

3. Hence ours is a dual polity. 

4. But the citizens will have only one citizenship, unlike the USA where dual citizenship exists. 

5. We have same rights in all the states of India no matter in what state he resides.

Main features of Indian Constitution: 

1. Written Constitution 
2. Rigid and flexible Constitution 
3. Parliamentary type of democracy
4. Single citizenship 
5. Unitary and federal features.

The answer is  (D) Deodar and Sal

In the ASEAN logo, the ten stellar of paddy (rice) represent the ten South East Asian countries bound together in friendship and solidarity. The circle symbolizes the unity of ASEAN.

1. There is dire necessity to divide constitution into schedules and articles. 

2. Such formidable document without proper division cannot easily read and understood. 

3. Information related same matter is spread over articles. 

4. Articles are compounded into schedules.

1. On 29th August 1947 the Drafting Committee was appointed Dr. Br. Ambedkar as the Chairman long with 6 other members assisted by a Constitutional Advisor. 

2. He studied the constitutions of the other nations and incorporated in Indian constitution which are suitable to Indian people. 

3. He stressed on the importance of removal of untouchability and uplifting the depressed classes. 

4. He conveyed a meeting with all the communities of the society and drafted a broad constitution.

Activities that add value to the national income are called economic activities. These have two parts – market activities (production for pay or profit) and non-market activities (production for self consumption).
Non-economic activities are the ones that do not add to the national income; for example, an individual performing domestic chores.

Education and skill are the major determinants of the earning of any individual in the market. Due to gender discrimination, women are generally denied the education and the necessary skills to become worthy contributors to the national income. As a result, a majority of women have meagre education and low skill formation. This is one of the reasons why they get paid less than men.

Our society has evolved in such a way, that a woman’s work is given less importance. Bias against women is the prime reason of lower wages given to women.

Measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed:
→ Make education at the secondary level more career-oriented, which would endow individuals with not only education but also the requisite skills for gaining successful employment.
→ Create a sort of screening process whereby each individual chooses subjects that suit his or her abilities.
→ The introduction of newer subjects and fields of study at the school level should be accompanied by a growth of job opportunities in the sectors that would employ the students electing to study such subjects.

The health of an individual helps him to realise his potential and also gives him the ability to fight illness. An unhealthy individual is a liability to his place of work. The health of a person is directly related to his efficiency. As compared to an unhealthy individual, a healthy person can work more efficiently and with greater productivity.

Educated Unemployementis the situation wherein a number of youth with matriculation, graduation and post graduation degrees are not able to find suitable jobs. India has a huge population and every year a large number of people graduate from schools and colleges. Employment generation in various sectors is not keeping pace with the number of educated people coming out of educational institutions. Due to this, educated unemployed is a peculiar problem of India.

Unemployment is a situation in which people who are able and willing to work at the going wages cannot find jobs.

An individual is termed as unemployed if he or she is part of the workforce of a country, and is capable and willing to work for payment, but is unable to do so.

Human resource is different from other resources in many senses. Human resources need education, training and healthcare to develop. On the other hand, land and physical capital need money and physical inputs to develop. Land and physical capital are useless without human resources.

Human resource makes use of other resources like land and physical capital to produce an output. The other resources cannot become useful on their own. This is the reason why human resource is considered to be superior to the other resources.

Health plays an important role in human capital formation. A healthy person is more likely to realize his full potential and can become an asset for the economy.An unhealthy person is less likely to realize his potential and can become a liability for the economy.

Education is the most important component of human resource development.

→Proper education and training enable the formation of this human capital. An educated population is an asset, a resource.

→ Education enhances the quantity and quality of individual productivity, which in turn adds to the growth of the economy.

→It develops personality and sense of national consciousness among the people which are important for rapid economc growth.

Human capital makes use of the other resources like land, labour and physical capital to produce an output. The other resources cannot become useful on their own. Hence, human capital may well be considered the best among all the resources.

Disguised unemployment: When more persons are working in a job that actually required, the situation is termed as disguised unemployment. For example, if in an agricultural activity eight people are engaged but this work/activity actually requires the services of five people, then three persons are extra.If these three people out of eight are withdrawn, total production will remain unaffected.
Seasonal unemployment: Seasonal unemployment occurs when people are able to find jobs only during some months of the year. For Example, Agricultural labourers find work only during the busy seasons, i.e., sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing. This is because of the seasonal character of agriculture in India.

In 1962 at Ludhiana, Punjab.

India can build the maximum employment opportunity in the agricultural sector and its based industries. Agriculture is the most labour absorbing sector of the economy. When the efficient and quality packaging happen with agricultural products then it can generate a lot of employement oppurtunities.

Correct answer is July 1970

In the year 1966.

(a) America

(b) France

(c) Australia

(d) Switzerland

Women in the 19th century India were obliged to continue wearing traditional Indian dress even when men switched over to more convenient western clothes. This clearly shows that women during that time were accorded a lower status than men in society. They were not allowed to be aware of what was going on outside the house and were confined within the four walls of their homes. Modernity and change were not for them.

Mahatma Gandhi’s dream was to clothe the whole nation in khadi. But it was not easy for everyone to follow in his footsteps. Not many could take to a single peasant loincloth as he had. Some could not afford khadi which was expensive and some preferred to be dressed in finer cloth of various colours and designs.

1. Crickets- connection with a rural past can be seen in the length of a Test match. Originally, cricket matches had no time limit.

2. The game went on for as long as it took to bowl out a side twice. The rhythm of village life was slower and cricket’s rules were made before the Industrial Revolution.

3. In the same way, vagueness about the size of a cricket ground is a result of its village origin. Cricket was originally played on country commons, unfenced land that was public property.

4. The size of the commons varied from one village to another, so there were no designated boundaries or boundary hits. When the ball went into the crowd, the crowd cleared a way for the fieldsman to retrieve it.

After the 18th century, the colonisation of most of the world by Europe, the spread of democratic ideals and the growth of an industrial society completely changed the ways in which people thought about dress. People could use styles and materials that were drawn from other cultures and locations. Western dress styles for men were adopted worldwide.

1. The cricket played in our subcontinent (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh), West Indies and South Africa is hugely different from the way it is played in England.

2. All these countries were colonies of England and cricket was spread by our colonial masters. The game is very popular and is played with a lot of passion and enthusiasm not seen anywhere in the world.

3. Cricket in these countries is synonymous with nationalism and patriotism. As these countries were under colonialism, there is a passion to show national supremacy via the game of cricket.

4. The aggressiveness shown in these countries is not to be seen in English game which exhibits professionalism and indifference.

Despite the exclusiveness of the white cricket elite in the West Indies, the game became hugely popular in the Caribbean. Success at cricket became a measure of racial equality and political progress. 

At the time of their independence many of the political leaders of Caribbean countries like Forbes Burnham and Eric Williams saw in the game a chance for self respect and international standing. 

When the West Indies won its first Test series against England in 1950, it was celebrated as a national achievement, as a way of demonstrating that West Indians were the equals of white Englishmen. 

Cricket became a marketable game which could generate huge revenues. Cricket boards became richer by selling television rights to television companies. The TV channels made money by selling advertising slots. For companies, cricket provided opportunity to advertise their products and services to a large and captive audience. Cricketers became celebrities because of continuous television coverage. Apart from getting better pay from their cricket boards, the cricketers also began to earn huge sums of money by appearing in commercials. Television coverage resulted in expansion of audience base for the game. People from small towns and villages could see and experience the joy of cricket. Many children from the small towns could dream of becoming cricketers, by emulating their idols.

(i) Cricket in colonial India was organized on the principle of race and religion. The first record we have of cricket being played in India is from 1721, an account of recreational cricket played by English sailors in Cambay. 

(ii)First Indian club, the Calcutta Cricket Club, was established in 1792. Through the eighteenth century, cricket in India was almost wholly a sport played by British military men and civil servants in all-white clubs and gymkhanas. 

(iii) Playing cricket in the privacy of these clubs was more than just fun: it was also an escape from the strangeness, discomfort and danger of their stay in India. Indians were considered to have no talent for the game and certainly not meant to play it. But they did. 

(iv) The origins of Indian cricket, that is, cricket played by Indians are to found in Bombay and the first Indian community to start playing the game was the small community of Zoroastrians, the Parsis. Brought into close contact with the British because of their interest in trade and the first Indian community to westernize, the Parsis founded the first Indian cricket club, the Oriental Cricket Club in Bombay in 1848. Parsi clubs were funded and sponsored by Parsi businessmen like the Tatas and the Wadias. 

(v) By the 1890 s, Hindus and Muslims were busy gathering funds and support for a Hindu Gymkhana and an Islam Gymkhana. vi)In the late nineteenth century, many Indian institutions and movements were organised around the idea of religious community because the colonial state encouraged these divisions and was quick to recognise communal institutions. 

(vii) The teams that played India’s greatest and most famous first-class cricket tournament did not represent regions, as teams in today’s Ranji Trophy currently do, but religious communities. It later became the Pentangular when a fifth team was added, namely, the Rest, which comprised all the communities left over, such as the Indian Christians.. 

When the West Indies won its first Test series against England in 1950, it was celebrated as a national achievement, as a way of demonstrating that West Indians were the equals of white Englishmen.

There were two ironies to this great victory. One, the West Indian team that won was captained by a white player. The first time a black player led the West Indies Test team was in 1960 when Frank Worrell was named captain. 

And two, the West Indies cricket team represented not one nation but several dominions that later became independent countries.

The increased price of wool tempted the rich farmers to usurp the commons. They wanted to improve their sheep breeds to earn more profits. They began making enclosures on the commons land. After the late eighteenth century, the population of England increased significantly. This was also the time of industrialization. Many people migrated to towns in search of new opportunities. All of this increased the demand for food-grains. These developments hastened the enclosure movement in England.

(i) Cricket fans know that watching a match involves taking sides. In a Ranji Trophy match when Delhi plays Mumbai, the loyalty of spectators depends on which city they come from or support. 

(ii) When India plays Australia, the spectators watching the match on television in Bhopal or Chennai feel involved as Indians – they are moved by nationalist loyalties. 

1. Television coverage made the players celebrities. It expanded the audience for the game by bringing cricket into small towns and villages.

2. Children became great fans. People could now watch and learn how to play cricket by imitating their heroes.

‘Happy ending’ refers to the defeat of ; the Bombay Gymkhana by the Parsi club in a cricket match held in 1889.

Threshing machines reduced the need for manual labour. After the end of Napoleonic Wars, many soldiers who came back to villages could not find jobs because of threshing machines. For them, the threshing machine was a symbol of joblessness and hence they opposed the threshing machines.

Vulcanised rubber was used for making pads and gloves. The cricket bat has remained more or less same over the years. These two examples show the effect and non-effect of technological changes on cricket.

Yes, cricket owes its popularity to television. It has expanded the audience of the game by taking cricket to villages and small towns. Children from these places now had the chance to learn the game seeing the international games and imitating their favourite cricketers.

Combined harvester saved time and manual labour for the farmers. It helped in managing huge farms with minimum number of workers. It improved productivity and profitability of big farmers. Many poor farmers fell in debt trap because they could not utilize the combined harvester to its full potential. Many of them deserted their farmland and turned into labourers.

Compared to other modern sports, a typical game of cricket takes a longer time to finish. A Test Match is played for five days and it still ends in a draw. A one-day match takes a whole day to finish. Even the shortest version; the Twenty-Twenty; takes about four hours to finish. Most of the modern sports take around ninety minutes to finish. The lengthy nature of cricket is because of its origin in the pre-industrialization days when the economy was purely agrarian. During off seasons for farming; people had plenty of time to watch a cricket match for several days. Cricket grounds can be of different shapes and sizes in different parts of the world. Cricket was the earliest modern team sport to be codified. The rules and regulations of cricket evolved on their own over a period of time. During its early years, cricket was played on the commons. The size of the commons land was variable and no boundary was present. The length of the boundary line was decided by the umpires after taking the consensus of the captains of the two teams.

After the late eighteenth century, white Americans began to move westward. The displaced local tribes and changed the entire landscape into agricultural belts. Finally, they established control up to the west coast. By the early twentieth century, the landscape of the USA had transformed radically. The USA began to dominate the world market in agricultural produce.

The British were heavily dependent on China for tea imports. Since the Chinese authority did not allow foreign goods, so the British had to pay for tea in silver and bullions. This had the potential danger of siphoning off the treasure of Britain. Opium could be easily smuggled into China because of a large number of opium addicts. Profit from opium trade could be utilised to finance the tea imports. Hence, the British insisted on farmers to grow opium in India.

Hockey, Cricket, Baseball, Polo, Billiards are a few games.

Opium production required the use of the best lands which meant diversion of land from cereal and pulses production. Opium cultivation was time consuming which left little time to care for other crops. Most of the farmers did not own land and they had to lease a land for growing opium. The British offered very low price of opium to the peasants. These are the various reasons for Indian farmers’ reluctance to grow opium.

The accessories like bat, ball, stumps and bails are the equipment used in playing the game. Pads, helmets and gloves are protective equipment used while playing cricket.

Test Game is unique for its length of play( 5-day long game) and still it can end in a draw. No other modern team sport takes even half as much time to complete. The other unique feature of the game is that the size and shape of the ground can vary, only the pitchlength is specifically fixed,

The Marylebone Cricket Club founded in 1787.

Mahatma Gandhi , condemned the Pentangular as a communally divisive competition that was out of place in a time when nationalists were trying to unite India’s diverse population. 

The colonial state and its divisive conception of India was the rock on which the Pentangular was built. 

With time, technology has advanced and in terms of game equipment the game of cricket, too has seen a few changes. The players have started wearing protective equipment made up of synthetic light weight material. But still, both bat and ball are handmade, not industrially manufactured. Although now the bat,that was made out of one piece earlier, has a separate blade and handle. The modern cricket has many new formats, like the T 20, but the basic rules of the game are still the same. The popularity of the game has increased many folds. Decisions have became more fair with motion sensor cameras.