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Because their critical temperature is lower than room temperature gases cannot be liquefied above the critical temperature by applying even very high pressure.

(i) Among HCI and H₂O, H₂O possesses higher boiling point due to presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in H₂O

(ii) Among ether or water, water has higher viscosity which is due to presence of inter molecular hydrogen bonding in water. 

(iii) Among Br₂(l) or water, Bran has lower surface tension. Because, water has strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding and also possesses higher surface tension. While Br₂(l) does not show hydrogen bonding.

The gas will no longer be a gas at absolute zero, but rather a solid. As the gas is cooled, it will make a phase transition from gas into liquid, and upon further cooling from liquid to solid (i.e., freezing)

The lowest hypothetical or imaginary temperature at which gases are supposed to occupy zero volume is called Absolute zero.

The lowest hypothetical or imaginary temperature (-273.15⁰C) at which volume of any gas becomes zero is called absolute zero temperature.

Evaporation is the main cause of cooling the atmosphere. The process of changing liquid into vapours is called evaporation. There are some molecules in liquid which have relatively high kinetic energy which are at liquid surface, they overcome force of attraction and change into vapour state. When high energy molecules leave the surface, the average kinetic energy decreases leading to a fall in temperature of the liquid, that is why evaporation causes cooling.

Absolute temperature scale:

• Absolute temperature scale is related to Celsius temperature scale by the equation:

T K = t °C + 273.15

• This also called thermodynamic scale of temperature.
• The units of this absolute temperature scale is called (K) in the honour of Lord Kelvin who determined the accurate value of absolute zero as -273.15 °C in the year 1854.

Polarizability:

• When two nonpolar molecules approach each other, attractive and repulsive forces between their electrons and the nuclei will lead to distortions in the size of electron cloud, a property referred to as polarizability.
• Polarizability is a measure of how easily an electron cloud of an atom is distorted by an applied electric field.
• It is the property of atom.
• The ability to form momentary dipoles, that means, the ability of the molecule to become polar by redistributing its electrons is known as polarizability of the atom or molecule.

Various components present in the atmosphere are as follows :

a. Nitrogen (78%) 

b. Oxygen (21%) 

c. Carbon dioxide and other gases (0.03%) 

d. Inert gases (mainly argon) (0.97%) 

e. Traces of water vapour

1. Iron ore, manganese, bauxite and mica.

2. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Odisha and Chattisgarh.

3. Answer:Visakhapatnam, Managalore, Marmagao and Paradwip

4. In Nellore.

5. A. Mica.

Among the three compounds H₂O, H₂S and H₂Se, the first one, H₂O has the smallest molecular mass. But it has the highest B.P. of 100°C. B.P. of H₂S is -60°C and of H₂Se is -41.25°C. The extraordinary high B.P. of H₂O is due to very strong hydrogen bonding even though it has the lowest molecular mass.

There are about 70 jute mills in India.

We should complain to the D.E.O. in district level and the Director, School Education in state level.

• To spend time usefully with some other work, 
• To fight against foreign cloths imported, 
• To encourage village industries, 
• To insist that everyone learn to do his own work like making the yarn for his cloth and 
• To lead a simple life and minimising the needs for living.

For some people from rural areas moving to cities and towns to work in industry and other service activities have been recognized as a natural response to increase their income and for better family prospects.

India exports yarn to Japan

• Entrepreneurs were required to follow so many procedures and had to wait for many years to get the approval from the government offices. 
• Licenses were not given to the most efficient producers. 
• The selection was biased in favour of people with political connections and the economically powerful. 
• All this discouraged new entrepreneurs who would work with latest technology available.
• Further control on prices led to shortage of goods. E.g.: Scooters. 
• Such shortages were common for important basic goods like coal and cement, which in turn caused a lot of delay in production of other goods. 
• Another problem was lack of quality of some of goods. 
• There were restrictions on the import and export of industrial goods including machinery and raw materials. 
• Prices were laid down by the government and the producers had to sell only at that price. 

So the above restrictions acted as hindrance to the growth of industry.

B) Business Processes Outsourcing

• Due to the presence of hydrogen bonding in the compounds, more energy is required to break the bonds.
• Therefore, boiling point is more in case of liquid molecules containing hydrogen bond.
• Hydrogen bonds can be quite strong with energies up to 40 kJ/mol.
• The boiling point generally increases with increase in molecular mass, but the hydrides of nitrogen (NH₃), oxygen (H₂O) and fluorine (HF) have abnormally high boiling points due to the presence of hydrogen bonding between the molecules.

[Note: Due to presence of H-bond, viscosity’ of liquid increases. Hydrogen bonds play vital role in determining structure and properties of proteins and nucleic acids present in all living organisms.]

Most urban migrants have to work in the unorganised sector. They could be working as hawkers, painters, repair persons, rickshaw pullers, construction labour, etc.

Yarn is obtained from cotton

D) International Migration

Correct option is A) professionals

D) Automobile

Correct option is C) Maharastra

During the early years of industrialization industrial production was increased But there were a lot of restrictions hence the Indian industry could not modernize.

Machines, electricity, minerals and ores and transport facilities are basic needs and the government has taken responsibility to provide these basic goods.

• Indian industry as a result of government’s control was not modernizing fast and was producing goods at high cost and not making technological improvement. 
• Government used to allocate a specifc amount every year to operate these industries. 
• It was expected that these industries become independent, generate revenue for the government. 
• But these government run factories continually require government assistance. 
• Their functioning was much below that was expected. 
• So, in the 1990s a new industrial policy was announced. Many activities which were earlier restricted only for the government are now allowed for the private industries.

C) Brick workers going from Odisha’to AndhraPradesh.

Correct option is A) 1 & 2 only

Due to new policy,

• there was a rise in the number of industrial units. Employment has increased but less than expected and of low paying quality.
• Large industries began to replace workers with technology. This led to almost zero additional employment in large factories.
• In the course of production, these industries release a lot of other materials They are causing pollution in the industrial locations.

In the 1990s, the government introduced new policies for industries. Many activities which were earlier restricted only to the government are now allowed for the private industries. Rules were relaxed.

D) All of those

B) 307 millions

Textile industry occupies unique position in the Indian economy.

Correct option is C) Only ‘ii’ is true

Around 13% migrated from one state to another.

Employment or seeking employment is the most common reason for male migration.

Answer is (C) Potash

Out of the 84.2% migrated from one part of the state to another

For identifying a person as a migrant, two criteria are used by the centres : 

• birthplace 
• last usual place of residence.

Correct option is C) Birth place

For identifying a person as a migrant, two criteria birthplace and last usual place of residence are used by the census.

Answer is (B) 9th

D) Both A and B

(D) chemical

Answer is D) 1990s

D) International migration

D) Aluminum & melting industry

The first oil mill was founded in Mumbai