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(A) August – April

Farmers medicating seeds before making them germinate.

Answer is (C) Srivari

For some crops like Jowar, red gram takes a minimum of 180 days or more for harvesting. Such crops are called Long term crops.

‘Molagolukulu’ is the traditional good variety grown in Nellore

The plants which are grown in large numbers to get useful products are known as Crops.

(C) Drip irrigation

(D) All the above

(B) Seed drill

Fish constitute important and plentiful sources of high quality animal protein.

D) All the above

Answer is (A) Rabi

The global grain is Rice

Answer is (A) NSDC

The crops growth in the rainy season are called Kharif

B) June to October

Answer is (C) Rainy

(B) It can provide only voice service.

1G is used analog signals instead of digital signals.

GPRS is a packet oriented mobile data service on GSM.

1. Global System for Mobile (GSM): 

It is the most successful standard. It uses narrow band TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access), allows simultaneous calls on the same frequency range of 900 MHz to 1800 MHz. The network is identified using the SIM(Subscriber Identity Module).

2. GPRS (General Packet Radio Services):

It is a packet oriented mobile data service on the 2G on GSM. GPRS was originally standardized by European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSl) GPRS usage is typically charged based on volume of data transferred. Usage above the bundle cap is either charged per megabyte or disallowed.

3. EDGE(Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution):

It is three times faster than GPRS. It is used for voice communication as well as an internet connection.

4. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA):

It is a channel access method used by various radio communication technologies. CDMA is an example of multiple access, which is where several transmitters can send information simultaneously over a single communication channel.

This allows several users to share a band of frequencies To permit this to be achieved without undue interference between the users, and provide better security.

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution

GSM and CDMA

It is the management of the flow (transportation) of resources such as food, consumer goods, services, animals, etc in a business between the point of origin (source) and the point of consumption (destination) in order to meet the needs of companies and customers.

Business logistics consists of many more complexities. The effective use of hardware and software reduces the complexities faced in Business logistics. For this the hardware used is RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) tag and the reader.

It is like the barcode. The RFID tag contains all the details of a product and it consists of a combination of transmitter and a receiver. The data stored in the RFID tag can be accessed by a special reader and to read the data no need of RFID tag and reader in a line of site instead both are within a range.

This tag is used in Vehicles as a prepaid tag and makes the payments easier in Toll booths. Similarly, it is useful to take the Census of wild animals also.

OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)

Correct answer is (c) ®.

Correct answer is (d) ™

CDMA technology provides speed, voice quality, wider coverage, better security to the mobile network than GSM network.

Unauthorized copying or use of Intellectual property rights such as Patents, Copy rights and Trademarks are called intellectual property lnfringement (violation). It is a punishable offence.

WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access)

Global Positioning System(GPS):

It is a space based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. It is used for vehicle navigation, aircraft navigation, ship navigation, oil exploration, Fishing, etc. GPS receivers are now integrated with mobile phones.

EDGE(Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution):

It is three times faster than GPRS. It is used for voice communication as well as an internet connection.

(a) Subscriber Identity Module

Copyright is the property right that arises automatically when a person creates a new work by his own and by Law it prevents the others from the unauthorized or intentional copying of this without the permission of the creator.

Infomania is the excessive enthusiasm for acquiring knowledge.

Correct answer is (b) ©

Infringement (Violation): 

Unauthorized copying or use of Intellectual property rights such as Patents, Copyrights, and Trademarks are called intellectual property Infringement(violation). It is a punishable offense.

• Patent Infringement:

It prevents others from the unauthorized or intentional copying or use of Patent without the permission of the creator.

• Piracy:

It is the unauthorized copying, distribution, and use of a creation without the permission of the creator. It is against the copyright act and hence the person committed deserves the punishment. 

• Trademark Infringement:

 It prevents others from the unauthorized or intentional copying or use of Trademark without the permission of the creator.

• Copy right Infringement:

It prevents others from the unauthorized or intentional copying or use of Copy right without the permission of the creator.

RFID technology

Secondary Data : Secondary data is that which has been collected earlier by an individual or institution and which have been published. The investigator just uses such data. If a investigator has collected some data earlier and another investigator uses the same data for investigation purpose, then this data will be secondary data for the second investigator, rather than being primary data. For example, if an investigator uses data which has been collected and published by the government in context to agriculture, labour, employment, etc. then such data will be considered as secondary data for him.

There are two main sources of secondary data :

I. Published source : From time-to-time government and non-government organisations collect the data on various topics and get them published. These published data is used by other people for their investigations. 

Following are the sources of published data:

• International Publications : Various international, government and private organisations get information published on various topics from time-to-time, like- International labour organisation, international monetary fund, etc. 
• Government Publications : Various ministries and departments of central government and state government get the data published on various topics from time to time. Such data is very trustworthy and important, 

For example : bulletin of reserve bank, annual reports of industries, etc. 

• Semi-Government Publications : Varoious semi-government organisations like municipalities, district council, panchayats, etc. gets the data published from time-to-time. 
• Reports of committees and commissions : Reports are presented and published by various committees and commissions formed by government. 
• Publications of commerical organisations : Big commericial organistions also get their data published which has been collected by their investigators and statistical departments. 

Example : Tata, Birla, Reliance, Unilever, etc. 

• Publications of Research Organistions : Various universities and research organisations get the result of their researches published like: Indian Statistical Institute, Indian Standards Institution, etc. 
• Papers and Magazines : Newspapers and magazines are also an important source of secondary data. From time-to-time important information on various topics gets published in newspapers and magazines. 

For example : Economic Times, Business standards, etc. publish important data frequently.

II. Unpublished Source : Universities, private institutions and individual researchers collect data for their own personal objective, but due to some reason, these data remain unpublished. These unpublished data can also be used as secondary data.

Correct option is (a) Primary data is always more reliable as compared to secondary data.

Copyright is the property right that arises automatically when a person creates a new work by his own and by Law it prevents the others from the unauthorized or intentional copying of this without the permission of the creator.

Infomania excessive enthusiasm for acquiring knowledge.

IT Act amended in (b) 2008.

Short Message Service

Intellectual Property Right

The White Revolution in Gujarat was started by Verghese Kurien known as the ‘Milkman of India’. He launched the ‘Gujarat Cooperative Milk and Marketing Federation Ltd’. This federation further launched Amul. The Amul pattern became a uniquely appropriate model for rural development and poverty alleviation, what has come to be known as the ‘White Revolution’.

Following are the differences between primary and secondary data : 

• Nature : Primary data is original data and is like raw material for statistical methods, while secondary data is like finished product, as it has already been through statistical procedures. 
• Collectors : Primary data is collected by the investigator or his representative, while secondary data is collected by other individuals or institutions earlier and are already published.
• Objective : Primary data is always collected in accordance with the objective of the investigation while secondary data has to be modified according to the objective of investigation. 
• Plan : Primary data is collected in a new form by making an independent plan, while secondary data is already available data, i.e. data available in some publication, report and documents is secondary data. 
• Time and Money : More time and money is spent in collecting primary data. While less time and money is spent in collecting secondary data. 
• Availability : Primary data is collected from the statistical units in the area of invesatigtion while secondary data is collected by other individuals or institutions.

Following are the methods of collecting primary data :

• Direct personal investigation method : This method is suitable for such investigation, where the scope is limited or of local nature and in which more importance is given to accuracy, purity and confidentiality of data. In this method, the investigator himself goes in the area of investigation and establishes personal and direct contact with the person who provides information and collects data on the basis of examination and experience. In a limited area, investigations in context to income-expenditure, conditions of living of workers, educated unemployment, etc. are usually done through this method.
• Indirect oral investigation method : Under this method, information is not obtained from persons who have direct relationship with the problem, rather data is collected by oral questioning of a third parties. This data is indirectly associated with the root problem under investigation. Direct contact is not established with the persons from whom the information has to be obtained. This method is used when the area of investigation is broader.
• Information through local residents and correspondents : Information through local residents and correspondents is the method in which the investigator appoints local residents and special correspondents who send information on the basis of their experience time to time.
• Information through schedules to be filled by the informant method : In this method, the investigator prepares a list of questions associated with the enquiry. These questionnaire are printed and sent by post to those persons from whom the information is to be obtained. Along with these, he also sends a letter of request in which request is made to send them back by a fixed date and to maintain confidentiality.
• Filling of schedules by the enumerators : In this method, a list of questions associated with enquiry is prepared and it is handed over to the enumerators. The enumerators ask related questions from the information providers and write their answers in the list. Enumerators are trained in this work and they are also familiar with the regional language. This method is suitable for places where labour, time and money is available in abundance.

Following are the differences between primary and secondary data :

• Nature : Primary data is original data and is like raw material for statistical methods, while secondary data is like finished product, as it has already gone through statistical procedures. 
• Collectors : Primary data is collected by the investigator or his representative, while secondary data is collected by other individuals or institutions earlier and is already published. 
• Plan : A new plan is made for collecting of primary data from the begining while no plan is needed for secondary data as this data is already available and published as data available in some publication, report and document is secondary data himself.

Correct option is (a) The data collected by direct inquiry may be more accurate.

There are five methods to collect primary data.

Patent is the exclusive rights to prevent unauthorized copying of inventions by a Creator from the Unauthorised person or company.