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Correct answer is (c) Liver

During phase I of a clinical trial, investigators spend several months looking at the effects of the medication on about 20 to 80 people who have no underlying health conditions. This phase aims to figure out the highest dose humans can take without serious side effects.

Vesicles: Used for a cavity within the cytoplasm which is surrounded by a membrane.

Centriole: In animal cells, a structure outside the nucleus organizes the spindle fibers during cell reproduction.

Organ: All organisms are made of smaller particles called organs.

Pseudopodia: False feet or the structures formed by the unicellular organisms to capture food or for locomotion.

Organelles: The small functional structures of the cell.

Food Vacuoles: The sacs where food particles are digested that are found in the cytoplasm of protozoan cells.

Contractile vacuole: A sac like cell organelle that pumps fluid in a cyclic manner

• General aquatic adaptations are presence of some special air spaces inside bodies or presence of such substances that help organisms to swim and float in water.
• Organisms bear specialized structures to swim like flippers as in turtles and fins in fishes. 
• Fishes, dolphins etc. have floaters in their body to be able to inhabit particular levels in the water body. 
• Microscopic photosynthetic organisms like planktons have droplets of oil in their cells that keeps them float. 
• Larger plants have tough leaves and flexible stems.

• Kangaroo rat can live without drinking water throughout its life. Because its body synthesizes little water in the process of digestion. 
• Sand grouse flies long distances to an Oasis in search of water which it carries back in its crop for its nestlings.

Correct option is D) Symbiosis

Extra chromosomal self-replicating DNA segments called Plasmid. 

1. No. They are not adaptation to temperature. 

2. They are adaptation to protect themselves from the animals who eat them.

1. No. Some plants in temperate regions shed their leaves before the winter starts. 

2. In tropical regions some plants shed their leaves before the start of summer.

During his experiments on electromagnetic waves in 1887, Heinrich Rudolph Hertz (1857- 94), Ger-man physicist, noticed that electric sparks occurred more readily when one of the electrodes of his spark-gap transmitter was exposed to ultraviolet radiation. This discovery was called the Hertz effect and is now known as the photoelectric effect.

Although Hertz did not follow up his discovery, others quickly established that the cause of the sparking ease was due to emission of negatively charged particles from the electrode irradiated. These particles were identified as electrons after the discovery of the electron in 1897.

The direction of wind blowing on the surface of the earth is affected by the Coriolis force. 

True.

In 1963 America and Russia signed ‘Hotline Agreement’ according to which in the time of emergency, they would communicate through radio and telephones.

The beggar named his dog ‘Tiger”. Ironical about this, infect tigers move about in freedom and people are frightened about the tiger. But here in contrast tiger (dog) is tied up and under the control of blind man and serves him in his needs.

The ribbon seller, novel vendor and the perfumer observed the earnings of blind man, they held conference among themselves. The ribbon seller said that his heart rends with pain seeing the slaving dog and decided to do something. At this point perfumer’s eyes caught the scissors dangling from ribbon’s rack. He took the scissors and decided to cut off the cord and release the dog from slavery, with this the conference came to an end.

The life of dog changed as it now took the place of old woman. He had to forget wholesale all his life, all his old haunts. He simply had to stay on forever at the end of the string when he saw other dogs, friends or foes, he sprang up and earned a kick from his master. In a few days the dog learnt to discipline his instinct and inpulse. He ceased to take notice of other dogs even if they came up and growled. He lost his own orbit of movement and contact with his fellow creatures. Thus dog’s life changed

One day the dog approached the blind man, the blind man gave it food and thus the friendship between them started. The blind man was defended by the dog from a teenager who abused him. The old woman who was helping the blind man died the old man lost the only Honest Success series support he’had. The ribbon vendor suggested him to tie the dog with the tape, so that he can move around as the dog guides him. Now the dog took the place of the old woman and lost his freedom completely and his world came to be circumscribed by the limits of the white cord and dog has to forget wholesale all his life-all his old haunts. Thus the dog became prisoner.

The boy usually came to pick up the coins in the blind man’s bowl. When the old man shouted, the dog came running sprang on him and snapped his jaws on the wrist, the boy extricated his hand and ran for his life. The dog bounded up behind him and chased him out of the market.

When the perfume vendor snipped off the cord, dog went off at a high speed. He nosed about the ditches happily, hurled himself on other dogs, ran round and round the, fountain, in the market square, barking, his eyes spar¬kling with joy. He returned to his favorite haunts and hung about butcher’s shop, tea stall and bakery. At last, at midnight went back again to his master who fed him, as the dog is known for his gratitude.

Correct Answer is : c) Tiger

Between left atrium and left ventricle is mitral or bicuspid valve which maintains the unidirectional flow of blood by preventing hs backflow.

Correct Answer is: (b) Second

There are five stages in demographic transition theory. They are:

First Stage: This is also known as a state of high death rate and high birth rate. In this stage the growth of population is very slow. The countries having this situation; agriculture is the main basis of livelihood.

Second Stage: In this stage, the birth and the death rate both are high, but due to development of medical facilities the death rate has decreased slowly.

Third Stage: In this stage, the birth rate is high but the death rate is medium. It means neither higher low. Due to this, the population grows rapidly.

Fourth Stage: In this stage, the birth rate is at medium pace but the death rate is very low.

Fifth Stage: In this stage, the birth rate as well as the death rate is very low. In this situation, there is a fear of fall in the population growth. In this stage, the manpower of the nation becomes deficient.

Correct Answer is : (c) 5

a) Latent heat: The amount of heat energy that is required to overcome the attraction energy among the particles is given by the latent heat of the substance. 

b) Latent heat of fusion: Latent heat of fusion is defined as the amount of heat energy required to change 1 kg of a solid, completely into liquid at atmospheric pressure at its melting point. 

c) Latent heat of vaporisation : Latent heat of vaporisation is defined as the amount of heat energy required to change 1 / of a liquid, completely into vapour at atmospheric pressure at its boiling point.

They are: south, south-east and eastern Asia, coastal area of Africa, internal area of Asia, northern – western China, south Australia and central India.

Sudan in Africa, Congo, Ghana, Angola, Rhodesia, Nigeria, Guatemala, etc. are included in first stage of demographic transition.

The major problems of Asian agglomeration are: rapid population growth, unemployment, lack of food, housing, medicine, low education facility and extreme poverty.

There are five stages of Demographic Transition Theory: 

• Stage 1 : Stage of high birth rate and high dealth rate.
• Stage 2 : Stage of high birth rate and declining dealth rate. 
• Stage 3 : Stage of high birth rate and medium dealth rate. 
• Stage 4 : Stage of medium birth rate and low dealth rate. 
• Stage 5 : Stage of low birth rate and low dealth rate.

Physical factors (location, availability of water, climate and soils), economic factors (minerals, urbanisation and industrialisation) and social-cultural factors etc. affect population distribution.

European agglomeration is most densely populated between 45° – 55° northern latitudes besides a parallel belt of coal.

There are some parts or areas of the world where population density is found to be above 250 persons per sq. km. These are known as high population density. 

Three regions of this type are found in the entire world.

1. eastern, southern, and southern – eastern Asia. 

2. Western and Central Europe. 

3. Northern-eastern America.

All these regions are densely populated due to plains made by rivers, mineral deposits and location of lakes.

Population distribution means spatical distribution of human or group of people. It shows how humans settle on the earth. Population distribution is of primary importance for analytical study of population. Under this, study of population is done on the basis of spatial distribution.

New Zealand, Australia, Chili, Argentina, USA, Malaysia, Thailand, China and Bangladesh are included in this category.

Availability of water: Availability of water is the most,important factor for various human activities. Due to this reason, world river valleys are densely populated.

Land forms: Land form is the main factor which affects distribution and density of population. Normally, plain areas are highly populated instead of bad land areas. Because plain areas are suitable for residence, industrial development and transportation.

The mutual living of primitive man led to increase in socialization, use of signs, symbols and gestures and the development of language.

Human is at the central place in human geography because it is the human who utilizes his natural and cultural environment, gets influenced by them and makes changes in them. It is the human who uses the natural resources and builds the culture.

Normally population distribution and density are understood to be similar, but these are two different concepts. Population distribution means spatial distribution of population. It shows surfacial condition of human settlement. But population density means ratio between population and land area. It is a measure of population. It describes number of people living in per unit area.

Such geographical regions where the ecological conditions are favourable for mankind, regions of normal population develop there. Here, at many places, people also adapt to the environment. Due to the availability of copper in the Andes, Chukai, Kamra of Chili, due to uranium deposits in Uranium city of Canada, and due to the gold mines in Australia, regions of normal dense population have developed there.

Following are the main characteristics of European agglomeration: 

1. This is the world’s second biggest agglomeration. 

2. This agglomeration is equipped with modern cities and industries. 

3. It is located between 40° – 60° northern latitudes. Its high density is found between 45° – 55° northern latitudes with a parallel belt of coal. 

4. Both birth and death rate are found to be low here. 

5. Population growth is in stable condition in this agglomeration.

Along with the development of human civilization on the earth, the distribution of population is not found to be equal at all places due to the complexities found in it. Population distribution has regional expansion and due to the increasing number of political and administrative units, the study of population distribution and density has become a challenging task, but study of population distribution and density is an important subject of human geography. Due to the central role of the human, importance of study of population in geography has increased.

Following are the main characteristics of American agglomeration: 

1. This is the world’s third biggest agglomeration. 

2. It is the world’s newest and developed agglomeration. 

3. This agglomeration developed due to migration of European population.

4. 80 per cent population of this agglomeration resides between 30° – 45° northern latitudes in the east of 100° western longitude. 

5. In this agglomeration, population is controlled. Because both birth and death rate are controlled here and also there is prohibition on migration here.

Steam engine replaced human labour and human energy, which provided mechanical energy for wind and water due to which agricultural and industrial productivity increased. As a result of this, the problem of starvation and famine ended and vaccination against epidemics, improvement in healthcare facilities and sanitation has rapidly made a decline in death rate across the world. In this way, science and technology provided encouragement to population growth.

Right from the very beginning, population distribution has regional expansion and due to the increasing number of political and administrative units, study of population distribution and density has become a challenging task.

Yes, I agree that the number of permanent members in the Security Council should be increased. United Nations (U.N.) was established in 1945. Today this organization is 66 years old. During this period many nations of the world have worked as temporary members of Security Council. Therefore, they have vast experience of working of the Security Council. Some developing nations have made noteworthy progress in various fields and have become developed nations. Such members deserve to be made permanent members of the U.N. To make such nations as permanent members of the Security Council, the number of permanent members in the Security Council should be increased.

Answer is C. Germany