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(i) The ray of light bends towards the normal. When a ray of light enters from an optically rarer medium (having low refractive index) to an optically denser medium (having high refractive index), its speed slows down and it bends towards the normal. Since, water is optically denser than air, a ray of light entering from air into water will bend towards the normal. 

(ii) Refractive index, 

n_water = 1.33 

n_kerosene = 1.44 

n_temperature = 1.47 

Speed of light in a medium of refractive index n is given by: 

ν = \(\frac{c}{n}\) ;c = speed of light in air 

= 3*10⁸ m/s 

Hence, for more ν, n should be less. 

Among the given media, refractive index of water is least. 

Hence, light travels fastest in water.

(i)  The ray of light will bend towards the normal because air is the rarer medium and water is denser medium . When ray of light enters a denser medium from a rarer medium its velocity get reduced and it bends towards the normal .

(ii) v = n₁/ n₂ , means lower the refractive index of second medium is greater the speed of light in that medium . 

Refractive index of water : 1.33

Refractive index of kerosene : 1.44

Refractive index of trumpentine : 1.47

Since the refactive index of water among all is the least the light will travel fastest in water .

Answer will be B) 4.0cm

The height upto which water will rise l= h/cosα=2cm/cos60=4cm

where h = vertical height, α = angle with vertical

The main function of earth wire is to protect appliances from sudden damage due to leakage of current. Earthing protects us against accidental electric shock. The earthing of metallic appliances is necessary to prevent severe electric shock to the users. The metallic body of electric appliances is connected to earth wire so that any leakage of electric current is transferred to ground.

Functions of fuse: 

i. Acts as a barrier between the electric circuit and the human body.

ii. Prevents device failure due to faulty circuit operation 

iii. Fuse prevents short- circuits 

iv. Prevents overload and blackouts 

v. Prevents damage that is caused due to mismatched loads. 

Short-circuiting: When the live and neutral wires comes into direct contact, resistance becomes almost zero and current in the circuit abruptly increases. Direct contact of wires is as a result of fault in the appliance or when the insulation of wires is damaged. This is called short circuiting

We know from definition, power of a lens is defined as the ability of a lens to converge or diverge incoming light rays. So, a lens of higher power would converge or diverge light rays to a greater extent. Now, the focal length of a lens is also related to its diverging or converging ability but it varies inversely. 

Thus, the relation between power and focal length is inverse such that power is given as the reciprocal of the focal length of a lens.

Given: 

speed of light in vacuum(c) = 3 x 10⁸ m/s 

Refractive index of glass (µg) = 1.50

We have, 

Speed of light in glass (ν) = \(\frac{c}{\mu_g}\) = \(\frac{3 \times 10^8}{1.50}\)

∴ ν = 2  x 10⁸ m/s

(i) (c) 

(ii) (a) 

(iii) (a)

(iv) (b)

(v) (a)

Following are the reasons due to which it is impracticable to connect an electric bulb and electric heater in series:

(i) Heater and bulb have different resistances and the potential will drop according to resistances. 

(ii) If one appliance fuses, other will not run. 

(iii) Since effective resistance increases, current decreases and hence the power through each appliance.

 Also, they need currents of widely different values to operate properly.

The respiratory system of cockroach is a network of trachea known as tracheal system. They respire through the small openings called spiracles. These openings are regulated by the muscular spinchters. They breathe in oxygen rich air through the spiracles which opens into the tracheal tubes.

It depends on the size of the bird or animal, the severity of the injury, and how panicked and reactive the creature is. Most of the time, wild animal rescue involves a team effort by those who do this routinely. So contacting such an agency or group is most advisable.

If the animal or bird is of a size that you can easily handle and it is not trying to fight you off (although it will likely still feel frightened), then assess its condition the best you can, and see if it will allow you to place it in a safe box, lined with paper & old towel for warmth (wear heavy gloves in case it decides to try to bite you). Get it to a warm, quiet location in its secured cage or box with airholes. Provide water. Then call local animal rescue or wildlife rescue, and they will be able to assist you further, depending on what type of creature you are trying to help.

Cell division properly occurs during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. During interphase processes that are a preparation to cell division take place, as the duplication of DNA and centrioles. Interphase is the preceding phase and the mitotic is the following phase.

The correct option is (iii) Erepsin, trypsin, pepsin.

Proteolytic enzymes are the protein digesting enzymes. Erepsin is an enzyme that digests peptones into amino acids. It is grouped under exopeptidases. It is produced by the intestinal glands in the ileum and is found in the intestinal juices. It is also produced by the pancreas. Tiypsin is present in the pancreatic juice and converts proteins into large peptides. Pepsin is present in the gastric juice and converts proteins into proteoses, peptones and large peptides.

It depends on the size of the bird or animal, the severity of the injury, and how panicked and reactive the creature is. Most of the time, wild animal rescue involves a team effort by those who do this routinely. So contacting such an agency or group is most advisable.

If the animal or bird is of a size that you can easily handle and it is not trying to fight you off (although it will likely still feel frightened), then assess its condition the best you can, and see if it will allow you to place it in a safe box, lined with paper & old towel for warmth (wear heavy gloves in case it decides to try to bite you). Get it to a warm, quiet location in its secured cage or box with airholes. Provide water. Then call local animal rescue or wildlife rescue, and they will be able to assist you further, depending on what type of creature you are trying to help.

Interphase is the preceding phase to the mitotic division. It is divided into three periods, G1, S and G2 (the letter G comes from “gap”, meaning interval or breach and the letter S comes from “synthesis”, indicating the period in which DNA replicates).

In fact, “gap” is not totally appropriate for the periods immediately before and after the DNA synthesis. The idea of “growth” would be more adequate since in those periods (G1 and G2) the cell is growing to divide later in mitosis.

With the start of a menstrual cycle, pituitary produces FSH hormone which stimulates the ovaries to start the formation and maturation of eggs. With the maturation of these follicles, estrogen level rises in the body indicating the formation of the mature egg. This leads to the completion of the follicular phase. The pituitary gland now produces LH hormone which causes the release of an egg from ovary by the process of ovulation. After ovulation, luteal phase begins during which the level of progesterone in the body starts increasing. Progesterone hormone maintains the lining of the wall of the uterus for pregnancy. If pregnancy does not take place then progesterone level falls and menstrual flow begins. 

The interphase comprises approximately 4/5 of the cell cycle and the mitotic phase has quite a shorter length.

The first interphase period is G1. It begins with the end of the preceding cell division, i.e., with the formation of the new cell and it ends with the beginning of DNA replication. In the G1 period, a cell is growing.

The second interphase period is the S. It starts with the beginning of DNA replication and finishes with the end of that process. The main event in this period is the synthesis of new polynucleotide chains, each bound to each DNA chain that served as a template, i.e., the duplication of the original set of DNA molecules.

(i) The acid (hydrochloric acid) secreted inside the stomach makes the medium acidic which is necessary for the activation of the enzyme pepsin. lt converts inactive propepsin into active pepsin.
(ii) another function of hydrochloric acid is that it kills any bacteria which may enter the stomach along with food.

The nutritious inner wall of microsporangium is called Tapetum.

Answer: Political and Leader or Partiot

Simplex. 
Half Duplex. 
Full Duplex.
Serial.

Article 30, Draft Constitution of India 1948
The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life.

The revolt of 1857 is the first war of independence also known as sepoy mutiny. Not because only sepoys revolted against the East India company...it's because the sepoys became the immediate cause fire the mutiny.There are many important causes like doctrine of lapse , administration of Lord Dalhousie and many such reasons..but due to rumor or many be true that artillery were greased with animal fats(cow and pig), it had become a religious cause for the native sepoys as Hindus consider cow as sacred and Muslims consider pigs as a disgust.Hence it become the immediate cause for the revolt but it's not completely led by sepoys .Many leaders like lakshmi bai of jhansi, tantya tope, nana sahib etc led it .

The rule of the Delhi Sultans lasted for over three centuries-A.D. 1206-1526. The causes that led to the downfall of the Sultans were:
1. The Delhi Sultans came and conquered India by the force of their armies. But they never tried to win the confidence and love of their subjects.

2. Most of the Sultans were religious fanatics. Sultans like Firoz Tughlak and Sikander Lodi re-imposed jazia, the much-heated pilgrimage tax on the Hindus. Consequently the Hindus hated them and became their enemies.

3. The Muslim nobility was also much to be blamed for the downfall of the Sultans. The armies and the nobles were too powerful and could be kept under control only by powerful rulers like Alla-ud-din Khiliji and Balban. Whenever a weak ruler came on the throne they took advantage and rebelled against them.

4. The jagirdari system received by Firoz Tughlak was an important factor responsible for the ruin of the Sultans. The jagirdars became very powerful in their territories and asserted their independence.

5. The empire was too vast to be controlled in those days when means of communication were not so developed.

6. Timur’s invasion gave the final blow to the already disintegrating Sultanate and with Babur’s invasion came the end of the Delhi Sultanate.

a. RNA-i 

b. Gene therapy 

c. Palindrone 

d. Transgenic 

e. Gene-gun (biolistic) 

f. Transformation

I) NH₄Cl 

II). To check if DNA replication was semi conservative

III. The heavy and light DNA molecule are distinguished by centrifugation in a Cesium chloride density gradient.

Possible groups A,B Alleles- 

I^A , I^B and I Draw punnet square

Sc³⁺ has d⁰ configuration and hence no ‘d’ electrons. So r = 0 i.e In Sc³⁺ ion, no unpaired e^-s present and hence µ = 0.

Because due to the disruption of stable d¹⁰ configuration of Cu⁺ ion. Considerable loss of exchange energy.

(i) They exhibit variable oxidation states. 

(ii) They have incompletely filled d-orbitals. 

(iii) They have more surface area

According to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle,
∆x.m∆v = h/4π
so, ∆x.∆v = h/4πm

Hence, product of uncertainty in position and velocity = h/4πm
Here, m = 9.1 × 10^-31 kg , h = 6.626 × 10^-34 J.s
Now, product of uncertainty in position and velocity = 6.626 × 10^-34/(4 × 3.14 × 9.1 × 10^-31 )
= 6.626 × 10^-3/(4 × 3.14 × 9.1)
= 0.0579 × 10^-3 m²/s
= 5.79 × 10^-5 m²/s

In women, fertilization takes place in the ampullary-isthmic junction of the fallopian tube. When the sperm surrounds the egg cell, the egg releases the hormone progesterone which causes the sperm to undergo capacitation (experience an increase in activity and shed some outer protein layers). This helps the sperm to penetrate the outer layer of the egg called the corona radiata and come in contact with the zona pellucida layer. When the sperm comes in contact with the zona pellucida layer of the ovum, it induces changes in the membrane that block the entry of additional sperms so only one sperm can fertilize the ovum. The sperm releases the enzymes of the acrosome which digest the zona pellucida layer and helps the sperm plasma membrane to fuse with the egg plasma membrane. This fusion causes the release of calcium ions which in turn, causes the cortical granules inside the egg to fuse with the plasma membrane. As they fuse, these granules release their contents outside of the cell, toward the remains of the zona pellucida. The enzymes of the cortical granules further digest the zona pellucida, making it unable to bind more sperm, while other molecules found in the granules create a new protective layer around the fertilized egg.

Detection of adulteration in the petroleum fuels (gasoline and diesel) is challenging because the adulterants usually include those compounds which are already present in these fuels. Measurements of various physico-chemical properties are employed in addition to chromatography and spectroscopy for determining the compositional variations of these fuels. It is required to ensure their compliance with the regulatory specifications. The inclusion of statistical design and data treatments certainly provide enough sensitivity to discriminate adulterated and unadulterated samples in the case of gasoline. On the contrary, discrimination of diesel from its adulterants is difficult which demands rigorous analytical strategies and unequivocal data interpretation.

Hypnotics are used for the treatment of insomnia which is characterized by difficulties with falling asleep or maintaining sleep. Specific hypnotics such as Intermezzo (zolpidem tartrate) can be used for insomnia involving middle of the night waking followed by difficulty returning to sleep.

HI 

Because HI has least bond dissociation energy or Least electronegativity value.

Detection of adulteration in the petroleum fuels (gasoline and diesel) is challenging because the adulterants usually include those compounds which are already present in these fuels. Measurements of various physico-chemical properties are employed in addition to chromatography and spectroscopy for determining the compositional variations of these fuels. It is required to ensure their compliance with the regulatory specifications. The inclusion of statistical design and data treatments certainly provide enough sensitivity to discriminate adulterated and unadulterated samples in the case of gasoline. On the contrary, discrimination of diesel from its adulterants is difficult which demands rigorous analytical strategies and unequivocal data interpretation.

The strongest reducing agent is  I^-

P₂H₄ gas forms vortex rings in contact of air.

A disinfectant is one of a diverse group of chemicals which reduces the number of microorganisms present (most efficiently on an inanimate object). 

The compound [B] is CH₃ – Br.