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Vapour pressure is the PARTIAL pressure CREATED by the vapour molecules when evaporation takes PLACE within an ENCLOSED space. It becomes important when negative pressures are involved.

Vapour pressure is the partial pressure created by the vapour molecules when evaporation takes place within an enclosed space. It becomes important when negative pressures are involved.

The phenomenon of DIFFERENT PROPERTIES in different directions is CALLED ANISOTROPY.

The phenomenon of different properties in different directions is called anisotropy.

In carburised machine components, the process of carburisation introduces a compressive layer on the surface and THUS ENDURANCE limit is increased.

In carburised machine components, the process of carburisation introduces a compressive layer on the surface and thus endurance limit is increased.

A sensitive DRILLING PRESS is a LIGHT, simple, bench type machine for light duty working with infinite speed RATIO.

A sensitive drilling press is a light, simple, bench type machine for light duty working with infinite speed ratio.

For SLENDER work a travelling or follower rest is used. This FITS on the lathe - saddle and travels to and fro with it. By this MEANS support is constantly PROVIDED at the position of cut. Thus the work piece being turn is rigidly held against the tool.

For slender work a travelling or follower rest is used. This fits on the lathe - saddle and travels to and fro with it. By this means support is constantly provided at the position of cut. Thus the work piece being turn is rigidly held against the tool.

The SHAPE of such SECTION is that which produces minimum WETTED PERIMETER for a given area of flow and carries maximum flow.

The shape of such section is that which produces minimum wetted perimeter for a given area of flow and carries maximum flow.

NEAR the CHANNEL BOTTOM.

Near the channel bottom.

VELOCITY PROFILE is parabolic with zero velocity at boundary and MAXIMUM at the centre. Shear stress distribution is linear, being maximum at boundary and zero at centre.

Velocity profile is parabolic with zero velocity at boundary and maximum at the centre. Shear stress distribution is linear, being maximum at boundary and zero at centre.

SOFTER GRADERS of wheel are REQUIRED for internal GRINDING than for external grinding.

Softer graders of wheel are required for internal grinding than for external grinding.

Dressing is the PROCESS used to clear the CUTTING surface of the GRINDING wheel of any dull grits and embedded swarf in order to improve the cutting ACTION. Truing is the process employed to bring the wheel to the required geometric shop and also to restore the cutting action of a WORN wheel.

Dressing is the process used to clear the cutting surface of the grinding wheel of any dull grits and embedded swarf in order to improve the cutting action. Truing is the process employed to bring the wheel to the required geometric shop and also to restore the cutting action of a worn wheel.

In streamline body the shape is such that separation in flow OCCURS past the nearmost PART of the body so that WAKE formed is small and THUS friction drag is much greater than pressure drag. In bluff body the flow gets separated much ahead of its rear RESULTING in large wake and thus pressure drag is much greater than the friction drag.

In streamline body the shape is such that separation in flow occurs past the nearmost part of the body so that wake formed is small and thus friction drag is much greater than pressure drag. In bluff body the flow gets separated much ahead of its rear resulting in large wake and thus pressure drag is much greater than the friction drag.

When SPECIFIC mass flow is not able to TAKE PLACE in a pipe LINE.

When specific mass flow is not able to take place in a pipe line.

Friction drag is the drag force EXERTED by a fluid on the SURFACE DUE to friction action when the FLOW occurs past a flat surface at ZERO incidence. Pressure drag is the additional drag force on account of the differences of pressure over the body surface when flow occurs past a surface which is not everywhere parallel to the fluid stream. Pressure drag depends upon separation of boundary layer and the size of wake. Friction drag is due to shear stresses generated due to viscous action.

Friction drag is the drag force exerted by a fluid on the surface due to friction action when the flow occurs past a flat surface at zero incidence. Pressure drag is the additional drag force on account of the differences of pressure over the body surface when flow occurs past a surface which is not everywhere parallel to the fluid stream. Pressure drag depends upon separation of boundary layer and the size of wake. Friction drag is due to shear stresses generated due to viscous action.

Entrance length of FLOW is the INITIAL length in which the flow develops fully such that the velocity PROFILE remains unchanged downstream. For turbulent flow in smooth pipe, entrance length is TAKEN as 50 X diameter of pipe.

Entrance length of flow is the initial length in which the flow develops fully such that the velocity profile remains unchanged downstream. For turbulent flow in smooth pipe, entrance length is taken as 50 x diameter of pipe.

It is shaped to suppress the flow separation about the body and to SHIFT the BOUNDARY LAYER separation to near most PART of body to reduce the WAKE size.

It is shaped to suppress the flow separation about the body and to shift the boundary layer separation to near most part of body to reduce the wake size.

When PRESSURE GRADIENT CHANGES ABRUPTLY.

When pressure gradient changes abruptly.

These have FINE GRAIN STRUCTURE with HIGH DENSITY.

These have fine grain structure with high density.

FRICTION DRAG is EXPERIENCED on separation of BOUNDARY layer.

Friction drag is experienced on separation of boundary layer.

UNIFORM RAMMING results in GREATER DIMENSIONAL STABILITY of a casting.

Uniform ramming results in greater dimensional stability of a casting.

It will OSCILLATE about CENTRE of BUOYANCY.

It will oscillate about centre of buoyancy.

Geometric SIMILARITY is mainly for same shape for model and PROTOTYPE, kinematic similarity is concerned with STREAMLINE pattern, WHEREAS DYNAMIC similarity concerns the ratio of forces.

Geometric similarity is mainly for same shape for model and prototype, kinematic similarity is concerned with streamline pattern, whereas dynamic similarity concerns the ratio of forces.

Mach no. is significant in the study of projectiles and JET propulsion. Froude NUMBER is significant in the study of SHIP HULLS.

Mach no. is significant in the study of projectiles and jet propulsion. Froude number is significant in the study of ship hulls.

POTENTIAL flow ASSUMES VISCOUS FORCES to be zero but same is considered larger than inertia forces in creep flow.

Potential flow assumes viscous forces to be zero but same is considered larger than inertia forces in creep flow.

It INDICATES that FLOW is IRROTATIONAL.

It indicates that flow is irrotational.

It DEPENDS on PIPE DIAMETER and the CONDITION of the pipe.

It depends on pipe diameter and the condition of the pipe.

It is EQUAL to WEIGHT of the LIQUID above the CURVED SURFACE.

It is equal to weight of the liquid above the curved surface.

ANSWER :No.

RATIO of MAXIMUM VELOCITY to AVERAGE velocity should be 2.

Ratio of maximum velocity to average velocity should be 2.

An arbor is an accurately machined shaft for HOLDING and DRIVING the arbor type cutter. It is tapered at one END to fit the spindle NOSE and has TWO slots to fit the nose keys for locating and driving it.

An arbor is an accurately machined shaft for holding and driving the arbor type cutter. It is tapered at one end to fit the spindle nose and has two slots to fit the nose keys for locating and driving it.

CAVITATION erosion is negligible at above 300°C because the water and STEAM have same DENSITIES at critical temperature of 374°C and thus there is no volume change or bubble collapse in the vicinity of this RANGE.

Cavitation erosion is negligible at above 300°C because the water and steam have same densities at critical temperature of 374°C and thus there is no volume change or bubble collapse in the vicinity of this range.

Cavitation EROSION is assessed by depth of ATTACK or WEIGHT of metal removed.

Cavitation erosion is assessed by depth of attack or weight of metal removed.

The incidence of cavitation is detected by the following in order of appearance.

1. stroboscopic OBSERVATION of bubble appearance and SIZE
2. sensitive acoustic tests of cavitation noise
3. REDUCTION of EFFICIENCY and/or HEAD of 3%.

The incidence of cavitation is detected by the following in order of appearance.

The FLOW and power VARY as size2 when the geometric size changes as INVERSE of CHANGE of speed.

The flow and power vary as size2 when the geometric size changes as inverse of change of speed.

Positive displacement in rotary pumps is achieved in two ways :

1. A rotor carries radially adjustable vanes, the outer tips of which are constrained by a circular casing, whose centre is remote from that of the rotor.
2. Various COMBINATIONS of gears, LOBES, helices, etc. WITHIN a casing arranged so that the lobes or teeth attached to each rotor pass in SEQUENCE through the same pumping space.

Positive displacement in rotary pumps is achieved in two ways :

The different operations done in SLOTTER are :

1. Machining GROOVES
2. Machining CYLINDRICAL SURFACE
3. Machining irregular profiles.

The different operations done in slotter are :

The efficiency of CENTRIFUGAL pump is of the ORDER of 45% WHEREAS that of RECIPROCATING pump is AROUND %.

The efficiency of centrifugal pump is of the order of 45% whereas that of reciprocating pump is around %.

If speed of a reciprocating PUMP is increased beyond a limit, then atmospheric pressure would be insufficient to force water into the pump at the same speed as the piston. This would a break in the continuity of the water in suction pipe (cavitation) and give RISE to vibration, noise, and chemical attack by any dissolved gases which MAY be released from the water OWING to the HIGH vacuum and the breaking of the water column.

If speed of a reciprocating pump is increased beyond a limit, then atmospheric pressure would be insufficient to force water into the pump at the same speed as the piston. This would a break in the continuity of the water in suction pipe (cavitation) and give rise to vibration, noise, and chemical attack by any dissolved gases which may be released from the water owing to the high vacuum and the breaking of the water column.

In order to avoid CAVITATION, the SUCTION LIFT and the OPERATING speed must be carefully CHOSEN.

In order to avoid cavitation, the suction lift and the operating speed must be carefully chosen.

The losses in a centrifugal pump are : Friction losses due to EDDIES in flow, leakage, friction loss due to ROTATION of impeller in chamber of water, gland and BEARING POWER losses.

The losses in a centrifugal pump are : Friction losses due to eddies in flow, leakage, friction loss due to rotation of impeller in chamber of water, gland and bearing power losses.

CAVITATION in CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS DEPENDS on the velocity of water entering the impeller and on the relative velocity of the impeller BLADES where the water is picked up.

Cavitation in centrifugal pumps depends on the velocity of water entering the impeller and on the relative velocity of the impeller blades where the water is picked up.

Efficiency of a PUMP (centrifugal) DEPENDS on the size, SPEED, and PROPORTIONS of the impeller and casing.

Efficiency of a pump (centrifugal) depends on the size, speed, and proportions of the impeller and casing.

For a.centrifugal pump having very low SPECIFIC speed, the IMPELLER diameter is large and narrow having EXCESSIVELY high DISC friction and excessive hydraulic losses.

For a.centrifugal pump having very low specific speed, the impeller diameter is large and narrow having excessively high disc friction and excessive hydraulic losses.

ELECTROLYTE should be CHEMICALLY STABLE and have HIGH electrical CONDUCTIVITY.

Electrolyte should be chemically stable and have high electrical conductivity.

It DEPENDS UPON the impeller diameter and its rotation SPEED.

It depends upon the impeller diameter and its rotation speed.

When a pump is operated at excessive speeds, the differential pressure DEVELOPED increases and causes a powerful PULSATING vacuum on the underside of the blade tips and each particle of WATER is pulled away from the blade, taking away with it a small particle of metal, producing pitting/grooved effect. Repeated erosive action results in complete honey COMBING and total DESTRUCTION of blade, with resultant loss in pump performance.

When a pump is operated at excessive speeds, the differential pressure developed increases and causes a powerful pulsating vacuum on the underside of the blade tips and each particle of water is pulled away from the blade, taking away with it a small particle of metal, producing pitting/grooved effect. Repeated erosive action results in complete honey combing and total destruction of blade, with resultant loss in pump performance.

Usual SYMPTOMS of cavitation of pump are NOISE, VIBRATION, a drop in head and capacity with a decrease in efficiency, accompanied by pitting and CORROSION of the impeller vanes.

Usual symptoms of cavitation of pump are noise, vibration, a drop in head and capacity with a decrease in efficiency, accompanied by pitting and corrosion of the impeller vanes.

According to it VELOCITY of jet flowing out of a SMALL opening is PROPORTIONAL to the SQUARE root of head of LIQUID above it.

According to it velocity of jet flowing out of a small opening is proportional to the square root of head of liquid above it.

It is flow at very LOW REYNOLDS number where viscous forces are LARGER than the INERTIA forces.

It is flow at very low Reynolds number where viscous forces are larger than the inertia forces.

It is the FLUID LAYER in the NEIGHBORHOOD of a SOLID BOUNDARY where the effects of fluid friction are predominant.

It is the fluid layer in the neighborhood of a solid boundary where the effects of fluid friction are predominant.

It is the RATIO of hydrostatic STRESS to VOLUMETRIC strain WITHIN the elastic limits.

It is the ratio of hydrostatic stress to volumetric strain within the elastic limits.