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(i) Earwax present in the ear protects ears during swimming. But excess of wax can cause partial deafness. Excess of wax accumulated in the ear should be removed by a doctor. 

(ii) Dirt accumulated in the ear along with air should also be removed. 

(iii) Hard articles like hair pins, matchsticks, etc., should never be used for cleaning the ear as these things can damage the eardrum. 

(iv) On the entry of a foreign particle like insect, etc., ear should immediately be inspected by a doctor. If the doctor is not available the insect should be made to settle down by pouring mineral oil for the time being.

Communicable Diseases are also called Infectious disease. It is caused by the germ called pathogen, which must reach a healthy person before he suffers from the disease. Communicable (infectious) diseases are always caused by some pathogens (pathos – diseases, gen – producing) i. e., disease-producing organisms. 

Some of the communicable diseases are: 

AIDS, Hepatitis B and C, Chickenpox, Cholera, Tuberculosis, etc. These diseases always spread from an infected to healthy person.

ATF - Asian Tennis Federation 

NLTA - Nyanza Lawn Tennis Association 

1. Overdose of Food supplement always risk for organic systems, they may lead toallergic shocks or other reactions. 

2. Food supplements are very expensive so it is not possible for each family to buy 

3. Some body building supplements may contains steroids or like substances, those could lead to serious liver, heart, kidneys injury. 

4. Weight loss supplements may contain numerous untested ingredients which creates risk for children. 

5. The Possibility of contaminated Food supplement is very high so this great danger for children.

Food supplements is an addition in diet intended to provide nutrition such as Vitamins, Fibres, Minerals, Amino acids and Fatty acids. 

The advantages of Food supplement are:

1. Food supplements will provide the substances, their body needs, If the diet is incomplete. 

2. Food supplements ensure they get the substances and vitamins in sufficient quantity against requirements. 

3. Food supplements are the easy way to get nutrients as needed. 

4. Food supplements provide instant energy in emergencies.

Food supplements are concentrated sources of nutrients taken as a dietary top-up. They are given in addition to your regular diet. They can add missing nutrients to diet. Food supplements are proteins, vitamins, minerals, etc. They come as pills, capsules, powders, drinks and energy bars.

Advantages:-

(a) Play vital role in proper growth and development.

(b) Energy booster.

(c) Better sports performance.

(d) Improves immunity.

(e) Prevention of disease and ailments.

(f) Short term health benefits

Disadvantages:-

(a) Excess of Iron and Magnesium can cause digestive problems.

(b) If excessive dosage is taken it can lead to diarrhoea, fatigue and nerve damage. 

(c) May have adverse effects.

(d) Fat soluble vitamins get accumulated in the fat tissues if not required by body.

(e) Supplements are less healthy than natural food.

(i) Balanced Diet: Obese persons should strictly take balanced diet with very less amount of carbohydrates and fats. 

(ii) Eating lot of Fibrous Food : Food items like fruits, salad, vegetables, etc., are rich sources of fibrous food. They are low in energy food and thus prevent obesity. 

(iii) Avoid Fats : Avoid Med food. Direct fats like butter, cream, ghee, animal fats, etc., should not be taken. For the sake of taste, only refined oil or mustard oil should be used for cooking. 

(iv) Physical Activity : An obese person should regularly perform physical activity and avoid sedentary lifestyle. 

(v) Avoid Junk Food : Junk food is a high calorie food. Moreover, it causes many health problems. The food items like burger, pastry, chocolates, cold drinks, candy, etc., should be avoided.

Preventing Electric Shock : 

(i) All wiring, appliances and plugs should be kept in proper order. 

(ii) Exact location of main switchboard should be known. 

(iii) Lack of knowledge in using electrical gadgets should be avoided. 

(iv) Standard and certified electrical gadgets should be used with instruction. 

(v) Proper fuse wire and safety switches should be used. 

(vi) Electrical gadgets should not be touched with wet hands.

Camping is an outdoor recreational activity. The campers leave urban area, their homes/region and enjoy nature while spending time outdoors, usually at a campsite.

Rock climbing is a style of sports climbing that relies on permanent anchors fixed to the rock.It contrasts with traditional climbing in which fixed anchors are avoided and climbers place removable protection as they climb. 

Natural resources are those sources which may be obtained continuously year after year for the satisfaction of human needs, such as land water and plants.These recourses do not exhaust.They have the capacity to regenerate themselves. Water agriculture, fish and trees are some examples of replenishable resources. 

These resources are those which once mined and used cannot be regenerate. As for example, coal and natural oil are such non-replenishable because once they are mined and use, they cannot be renewed. In fact, all mineral resources are limited in quantity, which can neither be increased nor renewed. Coal, mineral oil, iron-ore are non-replesihable resources.

Material or Equipment Required: 

1. Sleeping bag 

2. Inflatable pad 

3. Ice axe, hammer 

4. Crampons with 12 spikes 

5. Harness with adjustable leg loops 

6. Locking carabineers. 

7. Climbing helmet 

8. Ski or trekking poles 

9. Snow shoes 

10. Mountaineering shoes and socks

Safety Measures:

1. Dehydration is common occurrence at higher mountains. So drink water frequently. 

2. Before going for mountaineering ensure that you are in good physical condition. Indeed you should have good physical fitness. 

3. Be aware of your surroundings and be mindful of fellow mountaineers. 

4. Before going for mountaineering your must go for weather forecast. 

5. Carry your personal medicines and first aid kit while going for mountaineering. 

Mountaineering is an adventurous sport that combines climbing and hiking up mountains or mountain terrains. An individual who wishes to get involved in this sport needs to have tremendous endurance, strength, agility and mental patience. There is no doubt that mountaineering is a strenuous and dangerous activity but even then it is also thought that it is a reward to have the view of rare and wonderful sights after reaching at the summit. There are three basic forms of climbing which depend on the tack condition.

Abundance of rivers in the mountains makes India a world-class destination for river rafting. It is a sport for those who are fascinated by natural and a desire to be part of it. Some of the rivers where rafting is possible in India are the Ganges, Indus, Teesta and the Beas.

 Materials or Equipment Required 

1. Helmet, shoes and socks 

2. Flash light 

3. Sunscreen lotion 

4. Personal medication 

5. Life jacket or vest 

6. Waterproof bags 

7. A swim suit 

8. Additional clothing’s (T-shirts, shorts)

Safety Measures 

1. You should have enough capabilities as a swimmer. 

2. You should avoid to go for river rafting alone. 

3. A good quality unsinkable raft with an independent inflatable compartment. 

4. A life jacket to be worn by each rafter. 

5. Subheading Grades of River Rafting. 

6. A waterproof bag for clothes, shoes, etc. 

7. A watertight box for camera, etc.

(A) material or Equipments Required:  First aid kit, tent or other type of shelter, hammer to drive tent stakes into the soil, sleeping bag or blanket for warmth, sleeping pad to be placed under the sleeping bag, flash light or lantern, Axe or saw for firewood for a camp-fire, Raincoat, Hiking boots, Bags for handling waste, sunscreen for protecting the skin, personal care products and towel, cooking implements, multi-tool or knife, insect repellent, Ignition device or matchbox, razor blades, plastic bags, sufficient amount of food substances 

(B) Safety measures: 

(1) Pack a first aid kit for any emergency during camping. 

(2) Learn the ABC's of treating emergencies. Attend to a victim until medical help arrives. 

(3) Before leaving for camping, find out the weather report. When you reach at campsite watch the sky for changes. 

(4) Avoid areas of natural hazards for camping. 

(5) Inspect the site. It should be leveled properly. 

(6) Never use a flame inside the tent. 

(7) Ensure that you have an area for fire that cannot spread. 

(8) Beware when encountering wild. 

(9) make sure to extinguish fire completely.

Camping: In simple words, 'camping' means 'To pass few days away from the routine life in the lap of nature along with the company of colleagues, friends or members of any group'. In other words “living away from the home for a few days in the company of friends or colleagues is called camping.

Natural resoures are actually natures gift to human beings to help them to live a comfortable and peaceful life.there are various natural resources such as water, coal, fossil flues, natural gas, air, forest and wildlife etc. all these natural resources are being used persistently by human being.

Water: Water is consumed as food, use to regrets crop, to manufacture metal, to generate hydroelectric power, to transport ships. In the same way, a number of other natural resources are also being used continuously by human beings. We must use all these natural resources wisely specially the nonrenewable resources. 

Natural gas: It is used for heating water whereas scholar water heater can be used. Thus the use of natural gas can be mammies.

Fossil fuels: There is a limited amount of fossil fuel on our earth so if it is not used properly it can get over as a result the coming generation will have to face a number of problems. For conservation of this fuel renewable sources such as solar energy, gas, water energy may be used.

Forest: Due to deforestation at large scale present and coming generation have to face a lot of problems. Stress should be laid down on plantation and restriction up to some extent on deforestation. Use of wood should be minimized in the construction of houses. 

Strenuous trekking: Strenuous trekking needs a lot of physical effort, energy and determination. In such type of trekking some previous mountains walking experience is required. These treks ascent to high altitudes usually up to 5000 m . They also involve some steep climbing. 

Renewable resources are those natural resources which are filled again naturally such as sunlight, air and wind etc, These natural resources are persistently available and their quantity is not usually affected by human consumption. In fact these resources are renewed naturally.

1. (c) Newton’s 3rd law

2. (c) Both

3. (b) Mass

4. (b) Biomechanics

5. (c) Law of action &reaction

1. (a) Flexion

2. (b) Extension

3. (c) Abduction

4. (d) Adduction

5. (b) Angular

1. (a) It deals with physics principle.

2. (d) Mechanic and Anatomy

3. (b) Dry surface

Throwing consists of two phases, first phase is preparatory phase and second phase is throwing phase. 

• During preparatory phase following muscles contribute: 
• Posterior deltoids and latissimus dorsi muscles create horizontal hyperextension at shoulder. 
• Triceps brachii create extension at elbow. 
• During throwing phase following muscles contribute: 
• Posterior deltoids and latissimus dorsi muscles create horizontal flexion at shoulder. 
• Biceps brachii muscles create flexion at elbow.

(i). Rajiv shows the values of being a hardworking and extremely dedicated chap towards his goal. 

(ii). The major fault with his throwing technique was the improper angle of projection of the implement which he used. 

(iii). His coach was also very helpful, honest towards his duties and a good leader too.

(a) No (Explain briefly)

(b) Concern, Sympathy, Faith, Helpful, Caring, Professionalism, Affection.

(c) Positive attitude, caring, supportive, helpful, vigilant, friendly

Detailed Answer :

(a) Consuming drugs is definitely not a solution to emotion-focused problems. It is just a short-term diversion of mind from the actual problem.

(b) The Principal understands child psychology. He had shown patience. Instead of abusing or scolding Sushant, he focused on understanding the cause of the problem and came up with the best solution to the situation

(c) The parents and teacher must help Sushant not to get depressed again. They must not create situations to remind him of his past. In other words, they must behave normally with Sushant.

Fatigue, skin pallor shortness of breath

Anemia is caused due to the lack of Iron.In simple words, deficiency of iron is called Anemia. 

HOPE IT HELPS YOU. THANKS,

Combination Tournaments : Combination tournaments are those tournaments which are conducted when the matches are the to be played on zonal and inter zonal basis. For example, in case of national level competition, it becomes difficult for all the state teams to reach at one place for tournament. To avoid this difficulty at least four zones can be made and tournaments can be organised at each zone. Then the winner of each zone can participate at national level competition at a central place on the basis of knock-out or league. There can be various combinations such as knock-out cum knock-out or knock cum league etc.

Usually, the following combinations of tournaments are used :

1. Knock-out knock-out

1. League cum League

3. Knock-out cum League

4. League cum Knock-out

First menstruation cycle of girl is called menarche.

Combination tournament is formed after the combination of league and knock-out tournament. It is conducted when the matches are to be played in group or zonal basis.

Roughage is a dietary fiber having no nutritive value but it is very essential.

Heredity is the one of the causes of disability

Perception that a person has their physical self and the thoughts and feelings that result from that perception 

TYPES – positive (happy lifestyle), negative (eating disorders)

Good Quality of Life refers to a life style where a person can carry out their day to day activities comfortably without strain.

Quality of life is described as the General well being of individuals and societies, outlining negative and positive features of life.

• They teach us a strong sense of unity. They are certainly good and caring girls. 
• They have shown that they believe in unity. They do not have hunger for success. 
• The 7 girls lifted the sick girl and moved towards the finishing line. The race has demonstrated unity among girls.

TYPES: 

Carl G. Jung – judging-perceiving, sensing intuition, thinking-feeling Galen-choleric, melancholy, phlegmatic, sanguine, aesthetic, athletic, Pyknic

Soft tissue injuries can be broken down into two broad categories depending on the cause – acute injuries and long term or overuse injuries.

Acute Injuries

Acute injuries are caused by a sudden trauma to the region. They are common in contact sports or accidents. Acute injuries can be classified as:

• Strains – A strain is an injury to a muscle or the tendon that attaches the muscle to a bone. This type of injury is common in sports that involve a lot of explosive movements such as sudden starts and stops as well as contact sports. Repeated strains generally lead to significant muscle weakness in the injured region and can lead to cramping and spasms.
• Sprain – Sprains are similar to strains with one significant difference. These injuries involve an overstretch or tear of a ligament, which is the soft tissue that connects two bones. These structures provide stability to joint structures. Any injury can lead to loss of joint stability and pain while performing certain movements that put pressure on the injured ligament. Sprains are commonly caused by sudden movements of a joint under pressure such as twisting your ankle.
• Contusions – Commonly known as bruises, these injuries are often a result of sudden blunt force or repeated blunt force to a soft tissue such as a fall or being punched. These actions cause swelling and bleeding underneath the skin, leading to that distinctive black and blue discolouration around the area of the injury.

Overuse Injuries

Overuse injuries occur due to a movement or action that’s performed repetitively over extended periods of time without giving the body enough time to repair itself. If you continue to stress a soft tissue without giving it recovery time after the action, it could lead to tendinitis or bursitis.

• Tendinitis – Tendinitis is an inflammation of the tendons. It is caused by multiple accumulated stresses that keep building up and eventually damage the tendon over a period of time. Symptoms include pain and swelling, which can prevent you from performing most activities that involve using the injured tendon. Basketball and racket sport players often suffer from tendinitis in the arms and shoulders, while football players and marathon runners often suffer from tendinitis of the legs.
• Bursitis – Bursae are small sacs of fluid located in between bones and soft tissue throughout the body. They help to reduce the friction between the bones and soft tissue. When a bursa becomes inflamed, it causes discomfort and pain, which may also lead to further soft tissue injury if not addressed. This can be caused by prolong, excessive pressure on a joint.

(i) Off-side : 

A player is in an Off-side position, if: he/ she is nearer to opponents’ goal line than both the ball and the second-last opponent. 

Aplayer is not in an offside position if: He is in his own half of the field of play. He is level with the second-last opponent. He is level with the last two opponents. This offside is also considered as a defensive tactic (the entire defensive line moves rapidly in a wave to put the attackers offside). Offside is given by linesman by raising red flag. Goal is not considered in that case and opponent is awarded with indirect kick. 

(ii) Substitution Procedure: To replace a player with a substitute, the following conditions must be observed: 

• the referee must be informed before any proposed substitution is made 

• the substitute only enters the field of play after the player being replaced has left and after receiving a signal from the referee 

• the substitute only enters the field of play at the halfway line and during a stoppage in the match 

• the substitution is completed when a substitute enters the field of play from that moment, the substitute becomes a player and the player he has replaced becomes a substituted player 

• the substituted player takes no further part in the match, except where return substitutions are permitted. 

(iii) A Direct Free Kick is awarded to the opposing team if a player commits 

• kicks or attempts to kick an opponent 

• trips or attempts to trip an opponent 

• jumps at an opponent 

• charges an opponent 

• strikes or attempts to strike an opponent 

• pushes an opponent . 

• tackles an opponent

(i) A team compelled to substitute a player when a player is got Expulsion (expelled) or Disqualification for repeated misconduct. He/ she is not allowed to play further. He is not even allowed to sit over team bench. 

(ii) Change of Court: After each set the ends are changed. In the final set it is changed at 8th point. 

(iii) The First Referee performs toss before the start of match. After positioning of both teams he blows long whistle for service and simultaneously indicates for sen ice.

1. An off-side is a position when a player is nearer to his opponents’ goal line, than both the ball and the second last opponent. It is not an offence in itself to be in an off-side position. 

2. A free kick is a kick which is awarded to the team if the opposing team has made a fault. This kick is taken from the place where the opposing team has made the fault. 

3. Heading means to re-direct the ball towards the net. A defender heads the ball to deflect it away from the goal. In heading, forehead hits the overhead coming ball. 

4. Passing means passing the ball to own teammate who is close. The ball is slightly pushed so that it should reach to the desired point.

(i) A Free Kick: Free-Kick: It is given when Referee shows the warning card to the player. In this foul has been committed outside the penalty area like intentional delay, intentional hit to the player, intentional handling the ball, charging, dangerous play, holding opponent from behind, viqlent play, kicking the opponent. While taking direct-kick the opposing player should be at least 10 yards away from the ball. Goal can be scored from direct kick. 

(ii) Heading: Usually an attacker heads the ball to redirect it towards the net. A defender heads the ball to deflect it away from the goal. In this forehead hits the overhead coming ball. 

(iii) Passing: In this the ball is passed to own teammate who is close. The ball is slightly pushed so that it should reach to the desired point. There are lots of variation of passing like push pass (ball is pushed with inner-edge of foot); out-step push (with the outer edge of the foot), through-pass (between the opponents) 

(iv) Weight of the Football = 14 to 16 ounce (425 g ± 25 g) Circumference of Football = 27 to 28 inch (68 cm to 71.1 cm)

(i) A free kick is an action used in football to restart play with the kicking of a ball into the field of play. 

(ii) Heading is the technique of hitting the ball with the head. 

(iii) Passing is the technique to keep possession of a ball by players of a team by maneuvering it on the ground between different players with the objective of advancing it up the playing field. 

(iv) Weight of football – 14 - 16 ounces (396 g - 454 g) 

Circumference of football – 27” - 28” (68.5 cm - 71 cm)

A player is said to be in off-side if the player is in the half of his opponent or near the goal line of the opponent with less than two of the opponent team members in front of him.

In a football match, each team can make three substitutions. To substitute a player, the new player needs to report to the match official when the game stops. After satisfaction, the match official gives permission to enter the play field. The player enters the play field along the centre line. The replaced player then comes out of the play field.

A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team, when a player is guilty of kicking, tripping, pushing, jumping at or spitting at the player of the other team. It is also awarded to the opposing team, when any of the players (other than the goal keeper) intentionally touches the ball with his hands.

1. Kick-off: When the game is started from the centre circle after toss is known as kick-off. 

Kick-off is initiated: 

1. after halftime 

2. after each goal scored. 

2. Dropped Ball: Referee will restart the match after a situation of dropped ball. Ball will be dropped in between the two players of opposite team, when the ball touches the ground game will start. 

3. 

1. When goalkeeper touches the ball with his hand, after it is passed to him by his own team player. 

2. When the goalkeeper delays to restart or kick the ball after holding the ball in his hand for more than six seconds. 

3. When he touches the ball outside the penalty area with his hand.