Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

Jump-Ball: A jump-ball is a technique of starting the game in the beginning, from the circles. It takes place when official tosses the ball between the two opposing players. With new rules only one time the jump-ball is done and next time it is done with throw-in.

 1. Two or three standard specified basketballs 

2. One game clock for overall game duration of playing time; one stopwatch for small breaks inbetween the playing time. 

3. One 24-Second alarm device 

4. Alarm or bell or whistle 

5. Two team foul indicators 

6. Number markers and two free-throw flags; one to five number personal foul cards; 

7. Throw-in indicator (Jump-ball replacement) 

8. Score sheet; scoreboard.

(i). 1. Team did not reported as per given time. ; 

2. If team has less than 5 players. 

(ii) 1. It is indicated by Thumbs up followed by point finger in direction of alternating possession arrow. 

2. It is indicated by forming T by index finger showing.

 3. It is indicated by form T, palm showing. 

4. It is indicated by wave clenched fists on both hands. „ 

5. It is indicated by rotate fists. ? 

6. It is indicated by chop with hand.

1. Proper Warming-up : Proper warming-tip (general and specific) is a must for player before participating in any physical activity. It tones-up body muscles and prepares the player psychologically for the coming activity. Thus, it prevents them from accidents or injuries. 

2. Medical Check before Activity: Player should be properly medically checked up before physical activity related to previous injury disease, physical fitness level, etc. They must be fit to participate in the activity. 

3. Proper Concentration: Player should play with full alertness and proper concentration over the activity. Player should not have any stress or tension; moreover, must be mentally ready for the activity. 

4. Safety Guards and Check Equipments: Player should check his equipments and their condition. Player should use good quality equipments along with safety guards. Player should wear proper dress or kit along with proper shoes (according to surface as per activity needs). 

5. Regular Conditioning and Proper Skill: Regular conditioning improves various abilities of player like proper skill action, develops specific physical components, strengthens weak muscles and joints, etc.

Dislocation can be managed:

(a) Rehabilitation - This process is started after the splint or sling is removed.

The purpose of designed exercises is to restore normal range of motion and strength amounts the joint.

(b) Immobilization: The joint should be immobilized with a sling for several weeks.

(c) Reduction - The doctor try to some gentle movements around the affected joint to help the bones back into position.

(d) Surgery – After unsuccessful reduction to settle the joint surgery can be used to move dislocated bone back into their correct position.

Food intolerance means the individual element of certain food that cannot be properly processed and absorbed by the digestive system.

Seeding is such a method in which a strong team / players are selected to keep them at appropriate place in the fixture so that they do not meet in the earlier round. The organizer must be well aware regarding the previous performance of the selected team/player.

Seeding is a process of playing in which some teams on the last year's performance are the given seeding. First four teams of previous year are not met before semifinal. But in few tournaments, these seeding teams can play directly in quarter final.

Advantages of weight Training

1. Increase muscle mass-Weight training always lead to increase in muscle mass and also increases strength of the muscles.

2. Improves body posture- Weight training develop bones and muscles and this help in possessing a good posture.

Menstruation is the shedding of the facing of the uterus that occurs regularly in women from menarche to menopause. It produces bleeding from vagina that ends for 3-7 days. It is characterized by disruptions.

a- Eumenorrhea

b- Oligo menorrhea

c- Amenorrhea

Causes of 05 postural deformities-

Knock Knee

• The knock is commonly caused by irregular growth of the lower leg bones and weak ligaments.
• Rickets is also a cause of knock knee.

Flat Foot

• Faulty posture
• Prolonged standing
• Excessive body weight
• Lack of exercise

Round Shoulder

• Poor Posture
• Faulty Furniture
• Lack of physical exercise
• Carrying heavy loads on shoulders

Lordosis

• Weakening of the bones
• Due to lose abdominal muscles
• Due to bad posture/habits

Bow legs

• Due to the deficiency of vitamin -D, Calcium and Phosphorous
• Due to Blount's disease

• Due to overstraining on bones because of long standing of hours.

Diabetes is a disease in which the glucose or blood sugar level increases. Lack of secretion of insulin by the gland is the major cause of diabetes. Our liver and endocrine glands play an important role in the regulation of sugar level in the blood.

Diabetes is a disease in which the glucose or blood sugar level increases. Lack of secretion of insulin by the gland is the major cause of diabetes. Our liver and endocrine glands play an important role in the regulation of sugar level in the blood.

Diabetes can be controlled by eating healthy food and taking proper medication in (like insulin) diabetes can be controlled.

Ability to resist fatigue is known as endurance.

Feeling of being worried or nervous is called stress.

Soft tissue injuries cure the damage to muscles, ligaments and tendons throughout the body.

Rikli and Jones test is administered to senior citizen.

Barrow and McGee: define speed as the capacity of an individual to perform successive movement of the same pattern at a fast rate. 

Johnson and Nelson: define speed as the rate at which a person can propel his body or parts of his body.

AAPHER Physical fitness Test: 

This test was designed to help the teachers of physical education and other recreation leaders in the field to find out the performance levels of their students, compare them with national norms and inspire them towards the higher levels of achievements.

Test Contents : 

The test consists of the following six items :

(a) Pull ups : In case of girls, the pull-ups are to be started from a flexed arm hang. This test item judges the arm and shoulder girdle strength.

(b) Flexed Leg Situps : This test is meant to judge the efficiency of abdominal and hip flexor muscles.

(c) Shuttle Run : This test item is meant for judging the speed and change of direction.

(d) Standing Long Jump : For judging the explosive power of leg muscles.

(e) 50 Yard Dash or Sprint : For judging speed.

(f) 600 Yard Run : For judging endurance.

Administration of Tests:

These tests can be conducted in a gymnasium or out-doors. The only apparatus required in these tests is a horizontal bar having a diameter of approximately 1 ~ inches for pull-ups and flexed arm hang for girls. However, arrangement has to be made for the timing and recording of all scores with the help of timers and recorders.

Item No. 1—Pull up : This item has to be done from a hanging position on the bar by using the overhead grasp (with palms facing outwards). The arms and legs of a subject should be fully extended. From hanging position, the subject should raise his body with his arms until his chin is placed over the bar. Then, he should lower his body to a full hanging position. In doing so, the knees should not be bent and the pull should not be jerky or snap pull. The number of completed pull-ups is the score of the subject. Item No. 1 (Girls)—Flexed-arm Hang : In this test item for girls, the subject is required to hang from the bar with flexed arms and overhead grasp. She should raise her body to a position where the chin is above the bar, the elbows are flexed and the chest is close to the bar. The stopwatch is started as soon as a subject assumes such a hanging position and is stopped when the subject’s chin falls below the level of the bar. The time recorded in seconds for which a subject holds the hang position is her score.

Item No. 2—Sit-ups : For this test meant for boys and girls, the subject should He on his or her back with knees flexed and kept not more than 12 inches from the buttocks. The hands of the subject should be placed at the back of the neck, fingers clasped and elbows touching the mat. From this position, the subject should raise his or her head and elbows forward upwards till the elbows touch the knees. This constitutes one sit-up. The number of correctly performed sit ups in 60 seconds from the start of the first sit-up is the score of a subject.

Item No. 3—Shuttle Run : For this test item, two parallel lines are drawn at a distance of 30 feet from each other and two blocks of wood are placed behind one of the Hnes. The subject has to stand behind the Other line and on the signal “Ready”, “Go” should run to pick up one block, run back to the starting line and place the block behind the line. He should again turn back to pick up the second block and bring it also behind the starting line. Two such trials are given.

The better time of the two trials to the nearest 10th of a second is the score of the subject.

Item No. 4—Standing Long jump : In this test, a subject is required to stand behind a take-off line, with feet apart. He takes a jump forward by extending his bent knees and swinging the arms forward.

The best jump recorded, out of the three trials given, is the score of the subject. The jump should be recorded in feet and inches.

Item No. 5—50 Yard Run : Two Hnes are drawn at a distance of 50 Yards from each other. The subject is made to run from the start Hne to the finish Hne and his time taken is recorded in seconds (nearest to the tenth of a second.) This indicates his score.

Item No. 6—600 Yard Run : This run can be organized on a track, on a football field or an open area marked for this purpose. In this test item, a subject runs a distance of 600 Yards, The subject takes a standing start from the start line. The subject may walk in between. However, the objective is to cover the distance in the shortest time, When he crosses the finish Hne, he is informed of his time.

The time taken to run the distance is recorded in minutes and seconds.

According to Barrow and McGee, “strength is the capacity of the whole body or of any of its part to exert force”. According to Mathews “muscular strength is the force that a muscle or group of muscles can exert against a resistance in one maximum effort.” 

Strength is the ability of the muscles to overcome resistance.

Advantage: 

(i) Sit and reach flexibility test requires one specialized box only. 

(ii) It is easy and quick to perform. 

(iii) Need less space to administer the test.

Disadvantage: 

(i) Every individual has different arm length and can vary the result of flexibility. 

(ii) This test is only restricted to muscles and joints of lower back only and does not measure flexibility of other parts of the body.

The most logical measure is to use the level of the feet as recording zero, so that any measure that does not reach the toes isnegative and any reach past the toes is positive. A box is made with 9 inches (23 cm) at the level of the feet, so reaching 2 inches past the toes is recorded as 11 inches.A limitation of the traditional sit and reach procedure is that people with long arms and short legs would get a better result while those with long legs and short arms are at disadvantage. The modified sit and reach test controls for this, as the zero mark is adjusted for each individual, based on their sitting reach level.

Six minute walk test is the test for aerobic endurance. It is performed on 400 metre track. On the signal 'ready go' the subject starts walking for 6 minutes duration. After walking for 6 minutes their distance is measured. The subject sits down at his place and the heart rate is measured immediately for 15 seconds. The heart rate is determined by multiplying that number by 4. The distance covered within 6 minutes will be the score of an individual. When checked with norms we can know whether the aerobic endurance was poor, good, average, very good or excellent. Likewise, each player is tested. 

Speed means the capacity of moving a body part or the whole body with the greatest possible velocity.

This tanning method is based on cross country running with varying speed according to the distance of the terrain and requirement of an athlete.

Endurance is the ability of an individual to carry on a required activity, with a great degree of efficiency, for a considerable period of time.

Sports injuries are very common in this competitive world. They can be categorized as: 

• Classification due to cause – it can be further classified into – 

1. Direct – Caused due to impact of external forces e.g. a hockey player receiving a bruise from being struck on the face by a stick during a game. 

2. Indirect – These injuries typically involve the athlete himself by damaging the soft tissues such as the ligaments, tendons or muscles. 

3. Overuse – Caused due to the overuse of body parts e.g. tennis elbow in javelin throwers.

• Classification due to types of tissues – it can be further classified into – 

1. Soft tissue – Like sprain, strain, abrasion etc. 

2. Hard tissue – These occur in bones and cartilages e.g. fracture.

Long-term- This endurance is helpful when the activity is done for longer duration and the intensity or speed is slower. It is, in fact, the combination of circulatory with respiratory system which provides continuous energy for work out. In order words, this type of activity or of aerobic nature and speed is slow.

Short term- This components of endurance is helpful to perform activity for long duration with speed. This is the endurance where the anaerobic type of activity is done, when the intensity or speed is very fast. This endurance is for shortest duration and also known as muscular endurance as activity is performed in absence of oxygen with the help of stored energy in muscle glycogen.

The topic of women participation in the Olympics can explain the development of women participation in the sports. In 1900 Paris Olympic Games just 22 women athletes out of 997 athletes participated. Women participation has increased from 2.2% to 44.2% from 1900 to 2012. But the women participation varies from country to country. With regard to India the figures are not as at the world level. Women should be encouraged in order to increase their participation in sports – 

• There should be more appreciation and support from the audiences or spectators so that their positive behavior shall encourage the players for the better performance.
• Transportation issues should be kept in mind when it comes to the female players. The organization committee should make appropriate arrangement regarding pick up and drop facilities of the players. As a result even the family members will be satisfied and tension free. 
• Number of women coaches should also be increased in order to coach the women players regarding their game as people feel more comfortable with the person of the same sex. 
• Media plays a great role in communicating or publicizing about the victory and loses of the competitors of various games. Media should also cover the sports involving women so that the others of their lot feel proud and come up for participation in sports too. 
• Appropriate facilities in terms of gears, equipments and medical help should be the priority of the organizing committee and made available to the woman players so that they don’t hesitate in taking part in various sports.

Sports injuries are very common in this competitive world. They can be caused due to improper i warming up, overuse of muscles, improper sports equipments or even due to the poor training. 

They can be prevented by doing a proper warm up before playing the game, keeping in mind the rules and regulations, using protective sports gear, wearing proper footwear, taking adequate rest and also by taking appropriate nutrition before the match. 

Management of sports injuries-

1. First aid for closed fracture – The injured part can be immobilized with the help of splint or sling as per the site. 

2. First aid for open fracture – In open fracture the open wound must be covered by sterile gauze or dressing. The compression and elevation is given to control the bleeding. The splint is given to immobilize the injured part. 

3. Management of Abraision, Contusion and Laceration/Incision – These injuries can be prevented by using protective equipment. The treatment should begin with washing the wound immediately with soap and water. A cotton gauze rinsed with antiseptic lotion can be used to remove any piece of loose debris from the wound. After drying it apply antibiotic ointment. Bandage the area if the wound is still bleeding. 

4. Management of Strain and Sprain –It can be prevented by warming up and conditioning. Taping, knee caps, crape bandage : can be helpful in preventing strain and sprain. The injured part should be elevated in the most comfortable position. The affected part should not be disturbed. An ice pack should be applied to affect joint or muscle to minimize the swelling. The ice must be applied for 20 minutes 6-10 times in first 24 hours. Next day heat and massage is given to absorb the clot. 

5. Management of Dislocation 

• Reduction – during this process, the doctor may try some gentle movements around the affected joint to help the bones back into position. In case of severe pain local anesthetic procedures are adopted. 
• Immobilization – After getting the bones at normal position the bones should be ; immobilized with a splint or sling for several weeks. The time for which splint or sling is to be used depends upon extent of damage to nerves, blood vessels and supporting tissues.

Regular exercise slows down the process of ageing as- 

• Helps in maintaining bone density – regular exercise reduces the risk of loss of bone density and osteoporosis which usually begins after 40 years of age. The person also becomes prone to more fractures. 
• slows down brain functions – regular exercise maintains balanced blood flow to the brain and prevents many diseases like Alzheimer. 
• improves muscular strength – the strength of muscle and muscle mass persists for longer time in the people who do regular exercise. 
• cardio respiratory fitness – inspite of the old age, people are able to improve their Cardio respiratory fitness (which decreases with time) through regular exercise. 
• prevents or delays diseases – regular exercise can prevent from diseases and disabilities like arthritis, heart disease, diabetes , high blood pressure, etc.

Test: A test is a specific tool, procedure or technique used to elicit a response from the students in order to gain information to be used as a basis for appraisal of the quantity or quality of elements such as fitness, skill, knowledge and values. 

Measurement is a technique of evaluation that uses tests and other procedures and instruments, that results in quantitative data, and characteristically can express its results in numerical form when indicating ability or capacity in some traits involving fitness, motor skill, knowledge, value or process. 

(i) Penalty arc marked from 10 yards away from Penalty Point. It touches rectangular area of penalty area. It restrains the players to enter this area during Penalty Kick. 

(ii) Indirect Free-Kick: An indirect free-kick is awarded to the opponent if a goalkeeper commits any of the following offences inside his own penalty area: takes more than four steps while controlling the ball with his hands, before releasing it from his possession; touches the ball again with his hands after it has been released from his possession without touching another player; touches the ball with his hand after it has been deliberately kicked to him by a teammate; touches the ball with his hand after he has received it directly from a throw-in by a teammate. 

(iii) Goal-Kick: When ball passes over the goal line without goal scoring by the attacking player, then ball is kicked by placing from the penalty area. 

(iv) Corner-Kick: It is also known as flag kick. Comer-kick is awarded when a defender puts the ball out of the play behind his team’s goal line. An attacking player then tries to send the ball in front of the goal for another attacker to head or make a short pass to a teammate to convert it into goal. It is taken from comer-arc or quarter-yard circle.

1. Slips 2. Cover 3. Long off 4. Point5. Mid off 

1. It is signaled by Leg Umpire by folding the arm sideward. 

2. The power play is signaled by moving the arm in a clockwise fashion from the ground to above your head. 

3. Umpire signals this by raising one arm to sideward. 

4. The umpires will signal a free hit by (after the normal No Ball signal) extending one arm straight upwards and moving it in a circular motion.

1. The six fielding positions on the off-side of the field are: 

(1) Point

(2) Cover

(3) Gully 

(4) Mid-off 

(5) Slip 

(6) Long-off 

2. The six strokes played by a batsman are: 

(1) Block 

(2) Square Cut 

(3) Pull Spot 

(4) Hook Spot 

(5) Straight drive 

(6) Leg Glance

(a) Sleep is a natural phenomenon needed for rest and rebuilding of mind and body after the day’s work. Sound sleep is essential for optimal performance. Many important functions of the body takes place during our sleep hours. 

(b) Arteriosclerosis is defined as stiffening lor hardening of the arterial walls. As the arterial walls harden, the heart has to pump harder and against resistance to enable the arterial blood reach all the peripheral Organs. 

(c) Posture means carriage or the manner holding one’s body while sitting, standing, walking and lying. 

The correct posture while standing is: 

1. Body should be straight in upright position. 

2. Body’s weight should be distributed equally on both the feets. 

3. Heels and feet should be joined. 

4. Toes should be 18 inches apart with knees straight. 

5. Neck straight with chin forward and tight. 

6. The belly must be backward with chest forward. 

(d) Three symptoms of tuberculosis are: 

1. Coughing blood. 

2. The lymph nodes near the heart and lungs also become enlarged. 

3. Loss of appetite.

Five duties of Assistant Referee : A match official with a flag positioned on one half of each touchline to assist the referee particularly with offside situations and goal kick /comer kick/throw-in decisions: 

They indicate when: 

• The whole of the ball leaves the field of play and which team is entitled to a corner kick, goal kick. 

• The whole of the ball leaves the field of play and which team is entitled to a throw-in. 

• Player in an offside position may be penalised. 

• A substitution is requested. 

• At penalty kicks, the goalkeeper moves off the goal line before the ball is kicked and if the ball crosses the line; if additional assistant referees have been appointed the assistant referee takes a position in line with the penalty mark. 

The assistant referee’s assistance also includes monitoring the substitution procedure. The assistant referee may enter the field of play to help control the 9.15 m (10 yards) distance.

(a) Two harmful effects of chewing tobacco are: 

1. Mouth cancer. 

2. Not able to open the mouth properly. 

3. Gives rise to many types of allergies. 

(b) AIDS—Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.

HIV—Human Immunodeficiency Virus. 

(c) 1. A child aged 14 years -1800 – 2000 calories 

2. An adult female (50 kg) – about 2500 calories 

3. An adult male (60 kg) – about 2100 calories.

(i) Dolly Catch : A very easy catch taken by a fielder. 

(ii) Gully : A close fielder near the slip fielders, at an angle to a line between the two sets of stumps of about 100 to 140 degrees. 

(iii) Seam : The stitching on the ball. 

(iv) Hook Shot : A shot, similar to a pull, but played so that the ball is struck when it is above the batsman’s shoulder. 

(v) Half Volley : A delivery that bounces just short of the block hole, usually easy to drive or glance away.

(a) Two causes of heart attack are: 

1. Obesity 

2. When the person is taking a lot of stress. 

(b) Two factors to ensure personal hygiene and cleanliness are: 

1. Good and healthy habit. 

2. Cleanliness of the parts of the body. 

(c) Drugs can be defined as any chemical substance that is taken to over come the sickness to improve the health.

1. Stolen bases are credited to a runner whenever he advances one base unaided by a hit, a putout, an error, a force out, a fielder’s choice or an illegal pitch. 

2. Runner is declared not out: 

1. A runner shall not be out when he reaches the next base. 

2. A runner shall not be out if he obstructed in the middle of base path. 

3. The ball which gets lodged in the clothing of an opponent player and the runner changes the bases or runs to next base, base will be awarded. 

4. The pitch starts after the hands have been placed together, and one hand is taken off the ball.

Hook Shot: Played to a bouncer and intended to hit the ball high in the air over square leg hopefully for six runs. 

Pull Shot: It is a horizontal bat spot which pulls the ball around the batsman into the square leg area

1. An over is a series of six balls bowled from one end of a cricket pitch.

 2. Obstructing the field is a mode of dismissal in cricket. Here, a batsman uses some part of his body or the bat purposely to block the ball from going to any member of the other team.

• Chair Stand Test: 
• Purpose – to measure leg strength and endurance 
• Equipment Required – folding chair with straight back (height 44 centimeters) without arms rests and a stopwatch
• Procedure – subject is advised to sit on the chair with arms crossed around the wrists and hands are kept close to the chest. After this the subject stands completely and then reaches again the same sitting position. This activity is repeated for 30 seconds. 
• Scoring – the score is determined by counting the no. of repetition in 30 seconds.

1. The danger-area is the central portion of the pitch, a rectangle running down the middle of the pitch, two feet wide, and beginning five feet from each popping crease.

2. In cricket, a runner is a team member who runs between the wickets for an injured batsman. When a runner is used, the batsman stands in position and plays shots as normal.

• Frontal axis: imaginary line that is running from the side in the frontal plane. Movement in the sagittal plane is around the frontal axis of rotation. For example during flexion and extension of elbow, it is actually rotating around the frontal axis. 
• Sagittal axis: it passes horizontally from posterior to anterior and is formed by the intersection of the sagittal and transverse planes. It intersects the frontal plane at a right angle.
• Longitudinal axis: it passes vertically from inferior to superior and is formed by the intersection of the sagittal and frontal planes. Movement on the transverse plane take place on the axis e.g. gymnast performing a full spin.

To know about the progress of an athlete, individual centered training program, helps in selection of athletes, to study the development of athletes, motivation of an athlete.