Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

A. (a) Pre, during and post

B. (a) a–ii, b–iii, c–i, d–iv

C. (c) To achieve high performance

A. (a) N(N – 1)/2

B. (a) British method

C. (a) Ladder method

When no goal is scored after tie breaker, alternate penalty kicks are given to each team till the tie is broken. This is called sudden death.

(i) Bouncer is a pace ball which is short pitched and then bounces above the height of the bowler. 

(ii) Duck is the score of zero by a batsman. 

(iii) Yorker is a delivery that takes a bounce very close to the feet of the batsman. 

(iv) Century is the score of hundred or more by a batsman.

Substitution request is made only when a substitute enters the substitute zone. A substitution is the act by which a player after being recorded by the scorer enters the game for another player. One or more players are permitted at the same time. 

• 3 Acts of Breach : To talk again and again to the officials concerning their decision. 

• To make uncivil remarks to the officials or players of the opposing team. 

• To act in an uncivil manner so as to influence the decisions of officials.

(i) Overthrow is a situation when a fielder returns the ball to the fielders at the pitch but does not get collected there and crosses the pitch area). The runs scored by batsman on an overthrow are also counted in the score. 

(ii) Duties of a leg-umpire include :

1. To take position from where he can easily see the match

2. Regular inspection of ball

3. To consult the other Umpire on field or the Third Umpire in case of any doubt

4. If the doubt continues, decision is to be given in favour of batsman

(iii) Bad light can be declared when the umpires judge that the light is too poor to allow the game to continue in safety. Automatic light meters indicate when the light level is acceptable for play. A batsman can also appeal to the umpires if he feels that it is too dangerous to play on.

1. 4 metre line: 

A 4 metre line is 15 cm long line directly in front of the goal line. It is parallel to the goal line and 4 metres away from it.

 2. 9 metre line: 9 metres line is known as free throw line. It is drawn 3 metres outside the goal area line. 

3. IHF: International Handball Federation. 

4. Goal posts: It is wooden post made with inner dimension of 1 m height and 3 m length. The wooden log must be 8 cm thick.

1. 

1. The toss is done to decide which team takes the service first and which team chooses which side. 

2. Then ball is served from behind the line at the back of the court. 

3. Thus a rally becomes and it continues until the ball rests on the court. The players have to cross the ball to the opponent’s side within three hits until the fault happens. 

2. When the ball is served to the receiving team, the ball should be returned back within three hits. The fourth hit is counted as a fault and gives a point to the other team. A single player cannot hit the ball consecutively less it will again be a fault. When two or more players of the same team touch the ball simultaneously, then it is considered as a single contact.

1. An Overthrow: An overthrow is an extra run scored by a batsman as a result of the ball not being collected by a fielder in the centre, having been thrown in from the outfield. 

2. A Boundary for Six: It is a way of scoring run when a batsman hit the ball with the bat and ball touches the ground out side the boundary. 

3. A Yorker: A ball bounced very close to the batsman’s crease. 

4. Popping Crease: A crease from where the batsman plays the ball which is delivered by the bowler, is called popping crease.

1. 

1. When the batsman is run out. 

2. When the batsman is timed out. 

3. Obstructing the field if the bastsman given out. 

2. 

1. Run out 

2. Hit the ball twice 

3. Stumped-out. 

3. Extra Runs: An extra is a run scored by a means other than a batsman hitting the ball. Examples: No ball, Wide ball, Bye, Leg bye.

The biggest and shortest bone in the human body are the femur (thigh bone) and stapes (one of the bone of ossicles, of the middle ear) respectively.

In case of fracture, provide first-aid treatment and then help them get professional care immediately. 

The steps for first aid are: 

(a) Stop any bleeding: In case of bleeding, elevate and apply pressure to the wound using a sterile bandage, a clean cloth, or a clean piece of clothing. 

(b) Immobilize the injured area: If there is broken bone in neck or back, help the patient stay as still as possible. If there is broken bone in one of the limbs, immobilize the area using a splint or sling.

(c) Apply cold to the area: Wrap an ice pack or bag of ice cubes in a piece of cloth and apply it to the injured area for up to 10 minutes at a time. 

(d) Treat them for shock: Help the patient get into a comfortable position, encourage to rest, and reassure. Cover with a blanket or clothing to keep warm. 

(e) Get professional help: Call emergency department for professional care.

(a) When medicines or life saving drugs are consumed, they increase the resistance of the body towards the diseases and fight against trauma causing factor. 

(b) Two Important precautions to be taken to avoid heart related diseases are: 

1. By taking healthy and nutritious balanced diet. 

2. By exercising regularly. 

(c) The symptoms of Pneumonia are: 

1. High fever 

2. Chills 

3. Shortness of breath 

4. Increased breathing rate 

5. A worsening cough that may produce discoloured or bloody sputum. 

6. Sharp chest pains. 

(d) The six preventive steps to avoid accidents related to sporting activities are: 

1. If you play any sport, you should adequately train for that sport. 

2. The rules are designed, impart, to keep things safe and avoid accidents related to sporting activities. 

3. Protective pads, mouth guards, helmets, gloves and other equipments keep your knees, hands, teeth, eyes and head safe. 

4. Athletes should take some rest at regular intervals. 

5. Avoid playing when very tired or in pain. 

6. The proper warm up is essential for injury prevention.

(a) Recreation is an activity or pastime that relaxes one’s mind and provides enjoyment to him. 

(b) 

(c) Balanced diet is a diet that contains adequate amounts of all the necessary nutrients required for healthy growth and activity. 

Balanced diet contains of seven main nutrients: 

(1) Proteins 

(2) Carbohydrates 

(3) Minerals 

(4) Fats 

(5) Vitamins 

(6) Water 

(7) Antioxidants 

(d) The procedure involved for providing first aid to a person rescued from drowning is as follows: 

1. Roll the person on the stomach, it will help to drain out the water from the lungs.

2. Pull the tongue forward lest the individual had swallowed the water that comes out. Remove as much water as possible in this way. 

3. Keep the victim warm. Ring up the hospital for ambulance to transfer the person to the hospital. 

4. Start artificial respiration at the earliest possible.

Recreation is light playful activity which gives us enjoyment, fun and pleasure. It recreates our lost energy. During recreation, the effect of fatigue on various parts of body is minimised. It refreshes our mental stresses and gives the laughter feeling. In these activities there are no hard and fast rules. There are many sources of recreation like fun-games, dancing, listening music, playing with fun, etc.

(i) Five Effects of Consumption of Alcohol: 

• It depresses parts of the nerves system. 

• It effects the coordination even with small doses. 

• The efficiency of work is lessened. 

• The person who consumes alcohol is unable to take decisions. 

• Consumption of alcohol has increased crime and violence. 

(ii) Five Effects of Smoking : 

• Smoking increase the blood pressure. 

• It increase pulse rate which limits the sports performance. 

• Smoking reduces stamina and overall physical fitness. 

• Smoking reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. 

• Unlike lung cancer, mouth cancer and heart disease may also develop.

Sleep plays an important role in the physical health of people. Sleep deprivation occurs when an individual fails to get enough sleep. The amount of sleep that a person needs varies from one person to another, but on an average most adults need about seven to eight hours of sleep every night in order to feel well-rested and alert. 

Effects of insufficient sleep, on human body are as follows : 

1. Increases the risk of heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and stroke. Sleep deficiency also increases the menace of obesity. One study of teenagers showed that with each hour of sleep lost, the chances of becoming obese went up. Sleep deficiency increases the risk of obesity in other age groups as well. 

2. Sleep helps maintain a balance of the hormones that regulate appetite. Sleep also affects the hormone that controls the blood glucose level and its deficiency may increase the risk for diabetes. 

3. Sleep also supports healthy growth and development. Deep sleep triggers the body to release the hormone that promotes normal growth in children and teens. This hormone also boosts muscle mass and helps repair cells and tissues in children, teens, and adults. Prolonged sleep deficiency can change the way in which the immune system responds. 

4. Sleep disturbance can also be an indication of other underlying medical conditions or psychological disorders. It may, for instance, be a symptom of Anxiety or Mood Disorder. Furthermore, sleep disturbance that is chronic or severe can bring on or exacerbate serious psychological disorders.

Contusion is an injury caused by a forceful hit by a hard object. It is an internal injury. There is no external cut or bleeding over the skin. 

Signs and Symptoms : Swelling, pain, bluish colour appears on the outer surface of the skin. Management of Injuries 

P – Protection : Protect the injured part from further injury. Do not attempt to pressure or massage the injured part. 

R – Rest : Give rest to the injured part and restrict the movement. 

I – Ice : Apply ice to the injured part for 15-20 minutes and repeat it 3-4 times in a day if required for first 24-48 hours of injury, after that apply heat for the dispersion of clotted blood. 

C-Compression : Compress the injured part with a crape bandage to restrict the movement. E – Elevation : Elevate the injured part with slings if required. 

S – Support: Support the injured part to avoid painful movement until medical assistance is provided. Injuries are part of the sport and almost every athlete gets injured at one time or another. Most sports injuries can be predicted and prevented with understanding and immediate treatment. 

Following ways helps to prevent contusion : 

1. Avoiding workout routine mistakes may help to prevent injuries. Workout routine mistakes are like : 

• Ignoring one’s medical condition. 

• Doing the same workout routine day after day. 

• Never taking a rest day. 

• Too much, too soon, too fast, too hard and too often use of muscle. 

• Missing several workouts in a row and then adding additional mileage to catch up. 

• Not using the proper technique. 

• Not wearing the right protective gear. 

• Not doing conditioning exercises before for strengthening the muscles used in play. 

• Not performing stretching exercises before and after games or practice. 

• Not drinking plenty of fluids before, during and after exercise or play. 

• Drinking water prevents dehydration and keeps the muscle flexible. 

• Not having a rest period during practice and games. 

• Rest period can reduce injuries and prevent heat illness. 

• Not stopping the activity if there is pain. 

• Not wearing light clothing. 

2. Having adequate amount of calorie and supplements like iron and calcium for the body helps to prevent injury. 

3. The player should have a positive approach to game and should look into the game as a means of developing the quality of sportsmanship and hard work. 

4. Not having a positive approach to game can create emotional stress and this will affect the physiological process which results in lack of concentration leading to injuries. 

5. Immediate first aid care should be provided to the athlete for preventing aggravation of injury. 

6. Treatment and rehabilitation can be done through various physiotherapy treatments and modalities. 

7. Proper Rehabilitation should be given to an injury for faster and maximum recovery. 

8. Return to activity after full recovery helps to prevent the reoccurrence of injury as the muscles are tunes to take the load.

Alcohol has some immediate or short-term physical effects on the body as a whole, including the brain, the gut and pancreas, the heart and circulation, sleep control and sexual functions. The most obvious and immediate effects of alcohol are on the brain. The effects of alcohol on the brain are felt within about five minutes of alcohol being swallowed. Alcohol slows down or blocks many of the brain’s functions. The initial effect might be a reduction in tension or inhibitions, making the drinker feel more relaxed or excited. However, as the intake of alcohol increases, these effects are counterbalanced by less pleasant effects, 

such as :

• Drowsiness 

• Loss of balance 

• Poor coordination 

• Slower reaction times (critical when driving or operating machinery) 

• Slurred speech 

• Slowed thought processes 

• Nausea and vomiting 

As more alcohol is consumed and the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) rises, performance and behaviour deteriorate progressively. The risk of accident, violence or injury increases rapidly with increasing blood alcohol levels. 

If the BAC reaches a high enough level, it can lead to life-threatening events such as : 

1. Unconsciousness. 

2. Inhibition of normal breathing may be fatal, particularly as the person may vomit and can suffocate if the vomit is inhaled. 

3. The pituitary gland at the base of the brain, which controls the body’s fluid balance, and can leave the person dehydrated and with a headache. 

4. The gut, by irritating the lining of the gut as the level of alcohol is increased, with diarrhoea as a possible outcome. 

5. The pancreas, which may become inflamed, sometimes chronically. This can cause severe pain and a highly unpleasant reaction to alcohol in the future. 

6. The heart and blood circulation, where one or two standard drinks can affect the heart rate, blood pressure, the contraction of heart muscle and its efficiency in pumping blood, and blood flow throughout the body; higher levels of alcohol may result in irregular heart rhythms, raised blood pressure, shortness of breath, and cardiac failure. result in irregular heart rhythms, raised blood pressure, shortness of breath, and cardiac failure. 

7. Disruption of sleep can be a trigger for a variety of mental health problems. 

8. Sexual functioning, particularly in men, who may find it more difficult to get an erection after drinking alcohol beyond low-risk levels. 

9. Alcohol can affect the level of risk of particular conditions or diseases, including: cancer; cirrhosis of the liver; heart disease and stroke; cognitive problems (including memory and reasoning); and dementia.

Measurements are related to physical measurements such as size, height, weight, vital capacity and achievements etc. Indeed, measurement refers to the process of administrating a test to obtain a quantitative data.

Kraus-Weber Test. This test consists of six items. It is commonly known as the Kraus-Weber Test. These tests are supposed to measure the minimum muscular fitness of an individual. Infact, they measure a level of strength and flexibility of certain key muscle groups below which the functioning of whole body as a healthy individual seems to be endangered. These tests are graded on a pass-fail basis. But partial movements on each test can be scored from 0 to 10. 

Six test measures minimum muscular fitness of an individual 

Test No.1. The subject lies down in supine position, i.e., flat on his back and hands behind his neck. The examiner holds his feet to keep him on the ground. The subject is asked to perform on sit- up. If he performs one sit-up, he passes this test. If he cannot raise his shoulders from the table or ground, his score remains zero. 

Test No.2. The lying position for this test remains same, i.e., in supine position except that his knees are bent and ankles remains in touch with his buttocks. He is asked to perform one sit-up. If he is able to perform full sit-up, he passes this test. If he is unable to raise his shoulders from the table or ground, he gets zero. 

Test No. 3. Subject lies in supine position, i.e., lies flat on his back with his hands behind the neck. He is asked to raise his feet 10 inches from the ground. His knees should be straight. The examiner counts to 10 seconds. He passes this test if he holds that position for ten seconds. Scoring from 0 to 10 depends on the number of seconds he holds the appropriate position. 

Test no. 4. Subject lies in prone position, i.e., on his stomach with a pillow under his lower abdomen and his hands behind his neck. The examiner holds his feet down. The subject is asked to raise his chest, head and shoulders, while the examiner counts to 10 seconds. He passes the test if he is able to hold the exact position up to 10 seconds. Scoring from 0 to 10 depends on the number of seconds he holds the exact position. 

Test No. 5. The subject’s position remains the same, but the examiner holds his chest down. The subject is asked to raise his feet. His knees should be straight. The examiner counts to 10 seconds. Scoring from 0 to 10 depends on the number of seconds he holds the position. 

Test No 6. It is also known as floor-touch test. It measures the flexibility of trunk. The subject stands erect, bare-footed, hands at sides and feet together. He is asked to lean down slowly to touch the floor with fingertips for 3 seconds. In this test bouncing or jerking is not allowed. The examiner holds his knees in order to prevent any bend, if it occurs. Scoring from 0 to 10 depends on the number of seconds he holds the position. 

1. (a) carbohydrates

2. (a) macro

3. (d) Vit A, D,E &K

4. (c) protein

5. (a) Vitamins

A. (a) Simple Carbohydrate

B. (a) Skipping meal

C. (a) Building block

Minute quantities of chemicals are called minerals, vital for the smooth running of the body. Role – salt (maintains electrical balance, source- common salt or milk), calcium (necessary for ossification of bone, formation of teeth, source- milk or cream), iron (composition of hemoglobin, source-meat or eggs), iodine (deficiency leads to goiter, source- sea foods or iodized salt), fluorine (prevents dental decay, source- water or sea fish).

Adhd (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) – Children with ADHD have differences in the parts of their brains that control attention and activity. ADHD is a brain disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. It includes important functions such as attention, concentration, memory, motivation and effort, learning from mistakes, etc. 

Inattention: Hyperactivity – Impulsivity: 

Causes of ADHD – Brain function in ADHD, Heredity Symptoms of ADHD – Problem in focusing, Forgetting things.

• Knock Knees – In this both the knees knock or touch each other in normal standing position. The gap between ankles goes on increasing. 
• Flat Foot – It is found in newly bom babies. Children feel pain in the feet and cannot be efficient sports persons. It becomes a postural deformity if it still persists in the lateral childhood. Round Shoulders – It is a postural deformity where shoulders become round and sometimes they seem to be bent forward. 
• Lordosis – It is a deformity of increased forward curve in the lumber region.
• Kyphosis – It is an increase of backward or posterior curve or a decrease or reversal of a forward curve.

1. Participation in physical activities.

2. Building self-confidence

3. Relaxation techniques

4. Developing hobbies.

5. Avoided company of stress person

6. Staying cool and confident under pressure

Loss of bone mass, osteoporosis

• Test 1 – To measure the strength of the abdominal and Psoas muscles,
• Test 2 – To measure the strength of the abdominal muscles ,
• Test 3 – To measure the strength of the Psoas and lower back, 
• Test 4 – To measure the strength of the upper back, 
• Test 5 –To measure the strength of the lower back , 
• Test 6 – To measure the strength of the back and hamstring

Three ways to improve self-esteem.

1. Welcome the frankness and truth telling of children.

2. Teach adolescents to maintain healthy self-esteem

3. Encourage expressions of love into the family atmosphere and relation.

1. Karishma has greatly lost her body weight. Her body in quite slim and trim. 

2. Satakshi is a bold girl. She likes truth. 

3. Madam Gayatri is a helping physical education teacher. She is very careful to her students.

Environment of family, attitude, appearance and ability or disability

The objectives of physical education are: 

(a) Healthy citizens and general wellbeing: To reduce strain on health services and enhance feelings of happiness. 

(b) Improvement in life style and good habits: It helps to develop good habit to follow routined exercise and ensure that adults continue this practice later also to improve and maintain good life style. (c) Discovering athletes and develop good team players: It helps to discover the future athletes and make them good team players. 

(d) A break from regular routine of work: It refreshes the mind by breaking the daily routine of only work. 

(e) Improvement in the sense of responsibility: It helps to identify and develop attitudes and values associated with leading a healthy lifestyle which helps to make personal and social responsible decisions and accept personal responsibility for own actions. 

(f) Make friends and keep away from online activities: It helps participants to make friends and be available for offline group activities instead of just being bound to online social media.

The main functions of International Olympic Committee (IOC) are: 

(a) To ensure regular celebration of the Olympic Games and to elect the host city of the Olympic Games. 

(b) To encourage and support the promotion of ethics in sports and educate the youth through sports that the spirit of fair play is there and violence is not allowed. 

(c) To stop doping in sports. 

(d) To act against any form of discrimination affecting the Olympic movement. 

(e) To encourage and support initiatives to blend sport with culture and education. 

(f) To encourage and support sports organisations and public authorities’ efforts for social and professional future of athletes.

Blood doping is an illegal practice of injecting oxygenated blood into an athlete before an event. This boosts the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream and thus enhances athletic performance. These blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles and improves an athlete’s aerobic capacity (VO₂ max) and endurance due to higher concentration in the blood. This technique helps to improve the athletes performance temporarily but it may prove fatal at times.

(i) Four flags are placed at four comers and two are placed at a distance of 1 meter from the sideline over the centre line. The height of flag post should be 4 to 5 feet.

(ii) Duration of the game has 2 halves of 3 5 minutes for Men and 30 minutes for Women. 

(iii) Dimension of goalpost has 12 Feets (3-66 meters) by 7 Feets (2-14 meters) of 5 centimeters thick wood. 

(iv) Weight of ball is 5!4 Ounces (156 grams). Weight of stick is between 16 to 32 Ounces.

The Olympic flag has a white background, with five equal interlaced rings in the centre, blue, yellow, black, green and red. There is separation wherever two rings separate. The rings are known as the “Olympic rings”. This design symbolizes the five continents of the world that are united by Olympism. These five colours and white were chosen because had the colours of all national flags in existence when the Olympic flag was created. This flag was created by Pierre de Coubertin in 1925. The width to length ratio of the flag is 2:3. It is ceremonially raised at the main venue during the opening ceremony of the Winter or Summer Games. It is lowered at at the main venue and presented to the president of the IOC, who then delivers it to the organisers of the next Games, to symbolize the end of the Games, at the closing ceremony.

(i) Flag-Post: Four flags are placed at four comers and two are placed at a distance of 1 m from the sideline over the centre line. The height of flag post should be 4 to 5 feet. 

(ii) Reverse hit: A ball which is hit with reverse hand side (from the opposite side) of the player. 

(iii) Bully: This method is used to start or restart the game after interruption. In this method two opponent players try to gain the control over ball by dribbling on Referee’s signal. 

(iv) Corner push: This is a kind of push used in penalty comer (short-comer) or from long comer. In this skill player pushes the ball with power so that it should quickly reach to own teammate.

A ball is dead in cricket when : 

1. It is finally settled in the hands of the wicket keeper. 

2. A boundary is scored. 

3. A batsman is dismissed. 

4. Lost ball. 

5. Whether played or not, it lodges in the clothing or equipment of a batsman or the clothing of an umpire.

1. Instances of a Trapped Ball: 

1. When a ball hasn’t been caught properly, hitting the ground before the player catching it and scoop it up. 

2. A thrown ball to any base for a force out which is caught with glove over the ball on the ground rather than under the ball. 

3. A legally batted fly ball that is caught against a fence with the glove or bare hand. 

2. Duties of the plate umpire are: 

1. Shall determine when a game is forfeited. 

2. Declares whether a batter bunts, or chops a ball. 

3. Give base decisions when necessary. 

4. Calls for all balls and strikes. 

5. Declares whether the fly ball is am infield or outfield fly. 

6. Also calls fouls, legal or illegal caught balls. 

3. The ball is dead and not in play in the following circumstances: 

1. When the ball is batted illegally. 

2. When ‘no pitch’ is declared by umpire. 

3. When a ball is pitched illegally. 

4. When a foul ball is not caught.

(i) The ball: 

• is spherical 

• has a circumference of between 224 mm and 235 mm 

• weighs between 156 grams and 163 grams 

• is made of any material and coloured white (or an agreed colour which contrasts with the playing surface) 

(ii) Umpiring equipment includes a copy of the current Rules book, a loud and distinctive whistle, a stop watch, coloured cards to indicate personal penalties and materials to record match details (Small diary and pen, Green, Yellow and Red Cards). 

(iii) Duration of the Game = 2 halves of 35 min (Men), 30 min (Women)

1. The runs are scored in the game as follows: 

1. Each time a run is scored as the runner touches the first, second and third base lines and finally reaching the home plate. 

2. When the tie-breaker occurs, the runner does not have to touch the first base if he starts running from the second base. 

3. If the batter-runner being put out before legally touching first base, then the run is not scored. 

4. The runs sue not scored if: 

1. Runner being forced out due to batter becoming runner. 

2. Runner fails to contact the base to which he belongs until a pitch is relesised. 

3. Preceding runner being declared out. 

4. Runner fails to contact the base until pitch is batted or reached home plate. 

2. In the game of softball, a substitute may take the place of a player whose nEime is in the team’s batting order. The coach or captain of the team making the substitution must immediately notify the plate umpire who will stop the game and announce the change to coach and captain of the other team. 

3. The three conditions when a batter becomes a batter runner are: 

1. As soon the batter hits a ball and it kinds in the fair territory.

2. Until the ball hEis been interferred by the catcher. 

3. When the umpire calls for a four balls.

(i) An obstruction : It is hindrance to opponent against the rules. It prevents opponent player to play with ball by hindrance through body or stick. 

(ii) Playing Distance has : 

• Side lines: 91.40 meters long perimeter lines . 

• Back lines: 55.00 meters long perimeter lines. 

(iii) Tapping: This skill is used to stop the fast coming ball by carefully stopping with stick. In this skill the stick is kept in between the fast coming ball so that it stops close to stick. There is lot of variation of tapping, like lying stick tapping, blade tapping, reverse stick tapping, etc. 

(iv) Suspension : A player is suspended if he commits serious foul (intentionally or unintentionally), like dangerous play, misconduct, argument to Umpire. Second yellow card is also suspension of player from the match. Player cannot continue playing match; moreover team will play without filling of suspended player

1. Two playing equipments: 

1. Bat: Not more than 34 inches long and 6 inches in diameter. 

2. Ball: Circumference = 30.5 ± 0.3 cm Mass = 178 gms. 2. Distance between the bases should be 60 feet in length and the field is 60 inches square. 

3. Length of Catcher’s Box: 10 feet from batter box Breadth of Catcher’s Box: 8 feet 5 inches

4. The team occupying each of the nine positions on the field that attempts to prevent the opposing team from scoring is called a defensive team.

(i) The dimensions of the playfield have rectangular shape with 40 meters length and 20 meters breadth. It should have 1 to 2 meters free zone area on all its sides. 

(ii) Penalty line is marked parallel at the distance of 7 meters at the front of goal post. 

(iii) The playfield have rectangular shape with 40 meters length and 20 meters breadth. Handball is an indoor game played on hard leveled wooden surface. 

(iv) Fake : A skill to deceive opponent in wrong direction and thus making free space to move ahead.

(i) When ball crosses the goal line completely under the goal-post, provided that no violation ; of the rules has been committed by the thrower, a teammate or a team official before or dining the throw. Referee raises one hand and blows the short whistle twice. ; 

(ii) Dribble : It is a skill of controlling and advancing with the ball . It is preventing ‘ opponents to gain the possession of the ball by bouncing, dodging, faking with the ball and advancing with the ball. 

(iii) 1. Timekeeper stops the game clock during time-out and inform the end of timeout to Referee. 

2. He stops or starts the game clock in between (by the indication of Referee). 

3. He notes the duration of 2-minute suspended player and sends him for play accordingly.

Physical fitness : It is the ability of an individual to carry out his daily routine without getting tired and having extra amount of energy to meet any kind of unforeseen emergency.

Wellness : It is the ability to live life fully, with vitality and meaning. It is dynamic and multi-dimensional. Wellness incorporates have derived, to their full benefit. They may need to modify their habits and lifestyle for better hygiene.

• Health Education is of great importance for everyone, since it provides knowledge about personal and environmental hygiene. People learn to keep their body and surroundings clean and clear from dust and germs. This helps in preventing any communicable diseases.

• Health education provides awareness about the communicable diseases, their prevention and cure. This helps in controlling the spread of diseases like Malaria, AIDS, Swine flu, Tuberculosis and more.

• Health education helps us to become aware of the dietary requirements of our body, and what one needs to intake in appropriate quantities. The caloric intake depends on age, sex, and nature of work of a person. School children are given nutritious diet under the scheme ‘mid day meal’ to meet the required balanced diet.

• Impacts: 

At high altitudes the reduced air pressure, oxygen diffuses into red blood cells more slowly. To compensate the decreased oxygen, one of the body’s hormone erythropoietin (EPO), triggers the production of more red blood cells to aid in oxygen delivery to the muscles. Training at high altitudes results in the production of RBC’s. Then athletes head to a competition at lower elevations to take advantage of their changed physiology. 

• Natural blood doping – Idea of taking advantage of the body’s physiological changes at high altitude.

Protozoa : It is unicellular organism which affects the defence system of body. Malaria, amoebic dysentery, sleeping sickness, etc.