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Life membership fees received by a club is shown in Balance sheet.

Chart is an effective way to display data in a pictorial form in any spreadsheet application. Charts make it easier to draw comparison and analysis the growth, relationship and trends among the values in a range. Charts provide more accurate analysis of information.

Any four commonly used chart types are as follows:

• Bar Chart
• Line Chart 
• Pie Chart
• Area Chart etc.

a. too tight and high crotch

b. excess ease in hip and thigh area

c. armscye cut too close to the armpit

d. large bust or highly developed chest

e. tight sleeve

f. too large neckline

• Scale Tool
• Flip tool

Four ways in which I would have refused Gunish, if I was Garima, are as follows 

1. I do not want to indulge in physical intimacy before marriage. 

2. My parents will get angry at me if they find out. 

3. I am afraid I might get pregnant. 

4. I will get physically intimate only with a person whom I love, not with friends. 

Two reasons for her refusal are as follows 

1. She may be afraid of contracting STD or A

IDS from Gunish. 

2. She will earn a bad reputation.

Disha is suffering from Mental Problem ‘Depression’. 

Causes are as follows: 

i. Biological cause, 

ii. Hormones imbalance, 

iii. Early childhood trauma, vi. Inherence, 

Symptoms: 

i. Feel sad and cry for no reason. 

ii. Conflicts with friends and parents. 

iii. Lack of confidence 

iv. Lack of sleep. 

v. Slow thinking

• Definition of emotional intelligence/ any two characteristics of emotional intelligence 
• Beneficial effects on academic achievement 
• Encourages cooperative behaviour and reduces antisocial activities 
• Very useful in preparing students to face the challenges of life outside the classroom

Causes of aggression: 

i. Dis-satisfaction because of non- functionality desire. 

ii. Loneliness 

iii. Physical or mental illness 

iv. No more to do 

v. Neglected by family on wards.

Handling Anger: 

i. Accepting the problem. 

ii. Seeking help from others. 

iii. Do yoga and meditation. 

iv. Engage in social work. 

v. Positive thinkers. 

vi. Express your anger

• Explanation of secondary appraisal, which is the assessment of one’s coping abilities and resources and whether they will be sufficient to meet the harm, threat or challenge of the event. 
• These resources may be mental, physical, personal or social. If one thinks one has a positive attitude, health, skills and social support to deal with the crises s/he will feel less stressed. 
• Appraisals are subjective and depend upon past experience and controllability

• Introduction of super-ordinate goals 
• Altering perceptions 
• Increasing intergroup contacts 
• Redrawing group boundaries 
• Negotiations 
• Respect for other group’s norms

• Concept of compliance 
• The foot –in- the –door technique 
• The deadline technique 
• The door- in- the –face technique

Componential Intelligence 

• Componential or analytical intelligence is the analysis of information to solve problems. (OR) Persons high on this ability think analytically and critically and succeed in schools. 

• This intelligence has three components, each serving a different function- Knowledge, meta/higher order and performance. 

Experiential Intelligence 

Experiential or creative intelligence is involved in using past experiences creatively to solve novel problems. It is reflected in creative performance. 

OR 

Persons high on this aspect integrate different experiences in an original way to make new discoveries and inventions. They quickly find out which information is crucial in a given situation. 

Contextual Intelligence 

Contextual or practical intelligence involves the ability to deal with environmental demands encountered on a daily basis. 

OR 

It may be called ‘street smartness’ or ‘business sense’. 

OR 

Persons high on this aspect easily adapt to their present environment or select a more favourable environment than the existing one, or modify the environment to fit their needs. 

Consumer services

Reason: End user is consumer.

Emergency showed weakness and strength of the Indian democracy :

1. Political crisis and a change in the party system 

2. elections of 77 took all by surprise 

3. Opposition and coalition politics came into the foray. 

4. Opposition fought on “save democracy”- felt the pulse of the nation. though it did not affect the southern states 

5. Janata party referendum was Emergency and excesses during the emergency. 

6. Also showed once in power how unstable parties are Morarji Desai and Ch.Charan Singh. Stiff competition within the party and could not bring about the expected fundamental changes. 

This Civil Disobedience Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in the wake of the massacre of several unarmed protesters in Amritsar, India in 1919.

The objective of this movement was to force the British Government of India to give Indians the right self-rule. In this Movement, Indians were asked to resign from government jobs, give back titles similar to "Sir" not as elevated as a knighthood and bestowed by the British and boycott foreign manufactured goods. The basic idea was to weaken the Indian economy that was based on British made products.

(i) Khadi cloth was often more expensive than mass produced mill cloth and poor people could not afford to buy it.
Thus, boycott of foreign goods could not continue for long.

(ii) Similarly, the boycott of British institutions posed a problem. No alternative institutions were set-up in their . place. So, the students, teachers and other professionals finally had to resume their studies and jobs in government institutions like schools, colleges, courts etc.

Participation of middle class people and its impact –

(i) The movement started with middle class participation in the cities.

(ii) Thousands of students left government controlled schools and colleges.

(iii) Head Masters and teachers resigned.

(iv) Lawyers gave up their legal practice.

(v) The Council election was boycotted in most of the provinces.

(vi) Any other relevant point.

Any two points to be explained. 

Economic Impact –

(i) Liquor shops picketed.

(ii) Foreign goods were boycotted.

(iii) Production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.

(iv) Import of goods declined.

(v) Any other relevant point.

Any three points to be explained. 

The Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement was started by the Congress party in January 1921. Initially, this movement started with middle class participation in the cities. Thousands of students, teachers and lawyers gave up their institutions and profession and joined the movement. This movement began in different cities across the country. The Non-Cooperation Movement dramatically affected the economy of British India. 

The economic effects of Non-Cooperation Movement were as follows: 

(i) As foreign goods and foreign clothes were boycotted, the import of foreign clothes halved between 1921 and 1922, and its value dropping from 102 crore to 57 crore rupees. 

(ii) In many places, merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or invest in foreign trade. 

(iii) As people discarded imported clothes and started to use Indian clothes, production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.

The peasants joined the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34) because poor peasantry were not just interested in the lowering of the revenue demand. Many had rented land. They could not pay rent because of the depression and dwindling cash incomes. They wanted the unpaid rent to landlord remitted. 

The Congress could not give full support because they thought rich peasants and landlords would be upset. It was unwilling to support ‘no rent’ campaign in most places. So, the relationship between the poor peasants and the Congress remained uncertain. 

Road Transport and Rail Transport : 

The statement ‘Road Transport’ and ‘Rail Transport’ in India are not competitive but complementary to each other, can be justified in the following ways : 

(i) Road transport is more suitable for short distances, whereas rail transport is more suitable for long distances. 

(ii) Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances, whereas rail transport is more suitable for large number of people and heavy goods. 

(iii) It is beneficial for perishable goods to be carried by roads in short period of time, whereas nonperishable and bulky goods are transported by railways for longer distances. 

(iv) Road transport increases the efficiency of railways. 

(v) Road transport links the rural areas with railway stations. 

(vi) The deficiency of railways is compensated by road transport.

Institutional and technological reforms : 

(i) Land holdings were consolidated.  

(ii) Co-operative movements were started in Indian agriculture. 

(iii) Zamindari system was abolished. 

(iv) The Green Revolution, White Revolution (Operation Flood) and related technologies were introduced. 

(v) Establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest. 

(vi) Kissan Credit Card (KCC) was introduced for easy availability of inputs. 

(vii) Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on the radio and television. 

(viii)The government also announces minimum support price.

Institutional and technological reforms to improve agriculture in the 1980’s and 1990’s by the Government of India:  

Institutional Reforms  

• A Comprehensive Land Development Programme was initiated.  
• Provision of crop insurance against drought, floods, cyclone, fire and disease.  
• Establishment of Gramin Banks, Cooperative Societies and Banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest.  
• Kissan Credit Card (KCC) introduced.  
• Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) introduced.  
• The government announced Minimum Support Price, remunerative and procurement prices to reduce exploitation.  

Technological Reforms  

• HYV seeds / Chemical Fertilizer / Pesticides were provided.  
• Methods of Irrigation modernized.  
• Latest agricultural equipments introduced.  
• Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on Radio and Television.

Institutional and technological reforms to improve agriculture in the 1980’s and 1990’s by the Government of India – 

Institutional Reforms : 

(i) A Comprehensive Land Development Programme was initiated. 

(ii) Provision of crop insurance against drought, floods, cyclone, fire and disease. 

(iii) Establishment of Gramin Banks , Cooperative Societies and Banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest. 

(iv) Kissan Credit Card (KCC) introduced. 

(v) Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) introduced. 

(vi) The government announced Minimum Support Price, remunerative and procurement prices to reduce exploitation. 

Technological Reforms : 

(i) HYV seeds / Chemical Fertilizer/ Pesticides were provided. 

(ii) Methods of Irrigation modernized. 

(iii) Latest agricultural equipments introduced. 

(iv) Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on Radio and Television. 

(v) Any other relevant point. Any five points to be explained in which at least any two from Institutional and two from technological reforms to be explained.

The economic development of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries by the following waysi – 

(i) Manufacturing industries help in modernizing agriculture which forms the backbone of our economy. 

(ii) They reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. 

(iii) Industrial development is pre-condition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. 

(iv) Manufacturing goods expand trade and commerce 

(v) Export brings in much needed foreign exchange. 

(vi) Manufacturing is the process of value addition. 

(vii) It also brings down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas. 

(viii) It increases the GDP/ National Income of the country. 

(ix) Any other relevant point. 

Any five points to be explained.

Detailed Answer : 

The economic strength of a country lies in the development of manufacturing industries because : 

(i) Manufacturing industries help in modernizing agriculture. 

(ii) This sector transforms raw materials into finished products creating more choices for the consumers and making it more prosperous. 

(iii) It reduces the heavy dependence of people on agriculture sector and creates jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. 

(iv) This sector helps in reducing poverty, creates employment opportunities and helps in bridging regional disparities. 

(v) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and enhances prosperity. 

(vi) It brings much needed foreign exchange.

Comparison between ‘Intensive Subsistence farming’ and ‘Commercial farming’ – 

(i) In Intensive subsistence farming pressure of population on land is high whereas in commercial farming population pressure is low. 

(ii) In intensive subsistence farming labour intensive farming is used whereas in commercial farming mechanized form of farming is used. 

(iii) In intensive subsistence farming there is low capital investment whereas in commercial farming high capital investment is seen. 

(iv) In intensive subsistence farming farmers produce for their own consumption whereas in commercial farming production is mainly for the market. 

(v) In intensive subsistence farming processing industries are not associated with farms whereas in commercial farming processing industries are associated with plantations. 

(vi) In intensive subsistence farming multiple cropping is practiced whereas in commercial farming single cropping is practiced. 

(vii) In intensive subsistence farming land holdings are small whereas in commercial farming land holdings are large. 

(viii) Any other relevant point. Any five points of comparison to be mentioned

Ram was a student of class X. He was fond of playing cricket. He was the captain of the cricket team of his school. One day, his school team was to play a match against the cricket team of a famous school of the city. He was very excited. He had practised hard for the match. He along with his team members had been doing net practice for two months. He became the best player of his team. On the scheduled date and time, both the teams reached the play ground. The audience was waiting for the umpires who were to start the match Ram being the captain of his team was on the ground. The rival captain had also reached there. The umpires arrived on the ground. One of the umpires tossed a coin. Ram won the toss and decided to bat first. Having won the toss, he was about to start batting. He was playing well and scored good runs. Again and Again he was throwing the ball for four or six runs. So the rival team became upset. Then, the bowler bowled a yorker ball which directly hit his helmet. He got injured. Now he was feeling dizzy. He was very upset but he did not want to lose the match. So, for a few seconds, he took rest and drank a little water. Then, he used his will power and started hitting the ball with double power. There was turmoil in the opposite team and when they started batting, they could not face the force of Ram’s balls. Ram overcame the problem and his team won the match. The next day, he was honoured on the assembly ground by the Principal.

Having a guest at Iping in the freezing February was undoubtedly an unheard piece of luck for Mrs. Hall. The person was no haggler and agreed to pay her rate. Keeping this thing in mind she did not wish to let him go on account of reluctant services. She played the best of hosts by catering to his wish and comfort. However she failed to have a proper conversation with him. The stranger did not appreciate her talkative nature and intrusion in his privacy and often spoke to her curtly. He frustrated all her efforts to sneak into his life and to know what had happened to him to warrant his strange, bandaged appearance. However she had to be content only with his short, curt and cold responses.

XYZ Street

New Delhi 

17 December 20XX 

The Editor, 

The Times of India 

New Delhi 

Subject : Poor Enrolment of Girl Child in Schools 

Sir 

Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I wish to draw your attention towards the poor enrolment of girl child in primary and upper primary classes. 

Our Government has taken many initiatives and made many provisions for the enrolment of the girl child but the conservative attitude of our society towards girls has not let it become a success. There is a lot of gender disparity in our society where the literacy rate of men is much higher than that of the women. The reasons are varied ranging from the idolization of a son, major concern over the safety and security of the girl child and the expectation from girls to contribute a lot in household chores. They are taken as a responsibility and thus are married at a younger age. 

But this is not the right attitude. Educating a girl child means educating a family. So everyone, especially the lower sections of the society should be made aware about the need to educate a girl child. 

I request you to publish this letter of mine in your reputed newspaper so that people may become aware and start working on a war footing to counter this problem. 

Thanking you 

Yours sincerely 

Chaitanya

Shubhram, Kartik, Shravan and Mona were fast friends. They studied in the same class. They always helped one another at the time of need. They believed in the maxim A friend in need is a friend indeed'. It was the birthday of Mona. They all wanted to celebrate Mona’s birthday. They wanted to make the birthday memorable. So they decided to organise a party. Shubhram took his car and they all went to visit a temple first and then started for a long drive. While returning, their car became out of order. As it had been night by now, they all grew panicky. In the end, they decided to take a lift. Another car came to them and the driver offered them a lift. They left their car at one petrol pump and took lift in the car but the driver was a gangster. He was driving the car at a high speed. He was trying to take them on some sub-road and on the sub-road, the driver stopped the car. He tried to attack them but they were united and retaliated at the driver. All the four pushed the driver with their full might and managed to run away. They came on the main road and took a bus. They had learnt the most important lesson of life that everyone must be careful every time and not to believe the strangers.

Poly β hydroxybutyrate - co - β - hydroxy valerate

In certain plants entire or the parts of the leaves are modified into sharp and pointed structure called as leaf spines. They are exogenous in origin. It can act as defensive structure since it can protect the plants against grazing animals. It also reduces transpiration.

Correct option: (3)

Explanation: 

(1) The galvanometer circuit can have large current when the jockey is pressed near the extreme ends of the potentiometer wire due to the large potential difference across the wire, far away from the null point. Since the galvanometer is highly sensitive, it might get damaged due to this high current. A high resistance will reduce this current and protect the galvanometer. Hence (1) is a correct statement. 

(2) At the null point the deflection in the galvanometer is zero as the current is zero. So the value of this high resistance does not decide the position of the null point, it only decreases the deflection when jockey is pressured at other points. So (2) is also a correct statement. 

(3) Since a resistor only obstruct the flow of charge, the position of the resistor can be anywhere in the series part of the circuit. That means, the high resistance can be before, or after, the galvanometer. In either case the current gets reduced. So (3) is an incorrect statement (i.e. (3) is the correct answer to the question). 

(4) When we approach the null point, the current through the galvanometer approaches zero or the deflection becomes almost zero. Here if we short circuit the high resistance, the deflection becomes obviously more, but the current will not to so high as to damage the galvanometer. Instead the short circuit of the high resistance will enable us to find the null point accurately. So (4) is also a correct statement.

Two skills that I will develop by studying a course of clothing and textiles are

• Designing fabrics and apparel.
• Care and maintenance of fabrics.

Two insulated copper wires , Ethernet port 

void EXTRA_ELE(int A[], int B[],int N)

{

int i,j,flag=0;

for(i=0;i<N;i++)

{

for(j=0;j<N;j++)

{

if(A[i]==B[j])

{

flag=1;

break;

}

}

if(flag==0)

cout<<"Extra element"<<A[i];

flag=0;

}

}

OPTION 1:

ASSUMING LBR=LBC=0

W=2 BYTES, NUMBER OF ROWS(M)=10, NUMBER OF COLUMNS(N)=30

LOC(S[I][J]) = B +(I + J*M)*W

LOC(S[2][15]) = B +(2+15*10)* 2

8200 = B + (152*2)

B = 8200 - 304

B = 7896

LOC(S[5][10]) = 7896 +(5+10*10)* 2

= 7896 + (105*2)

= 7896 + 210

= 8106

OPTION 2:

ASSUMING LBR=2,LBC=15 AND B = 8200

W=2 BYTES, NUMBER OF ROWS(M)=10, NUMBER OF COLUMNS(N)=30

LOC(S[I][J]) = B +((I-LBR) + (J-LBC)*M)*W

LOC(S[5][10])= 8200 + ((5-2) + (10-15)*10)*2

= 8200 + (3 + (-5)*10) * 2

= 8200 + (3 + (-50)) * 2

= 8200 + (3 – 50) * 2

= 8200 + (-47) * 2

= 8200 – 94

= 8106

F(X, Y, Z) = (X + Y')·(Y' + Z)

= (X + Y' + ZZ') (XX' + Y' + Z)

= (X + Y' + Z) (X + Y' + Z') (X + Y' + Z) (X' + Y' + Z)

void Reverse( int A[ ] , int n)

{

int temp;

for(int i=0;i<n/2;i++)

{

temp=A[i];

A[i]=A[n-1-i];

A[n-1-i]=temp;

}

}

void NewMAT(int A[][],int r,int c )

{

for (int i = 0;i<r;i++)

for(j=0;j<c;j++)

if ((A[i][j]>=60 )&&(A[i][j]<=600))

A[i][j]/=6 ;

or

A[i][j] = A[i][j]/6;

}

The packet is opened and the contents (a) are mixed with 750 ml of water, without allowing it to form lumps. The mixture (b) is poured into a heavy-bottomed vessel. It (c) is stirred continuously and (d) is brought to a boil. Then the soup (e) is simmered on a slow flame for five minutes. Finally before the soup (f) is served, it (g) is poured into soup bowls and (h) is garnished with fried croutons.

(a) (ii) increasingly 

(b) (iii) houses 

(c) (ii) an 

(d) (iv) watching 

(e) (iii) conducted 

(f) (i) indicates 

(g) (ii) are

(a) (ii) Why is there such a large crowd outside Mithu’s house? 

(b) (iv) Mithu’s father passed away last night 

(c) (iv) I am sorry to hear this 

(d) (iii) said that he fainted 

(e) (iv) tried their best but they could not save him.

Ensuring order and discipline.

Capital market consists of 

(i) Primary market, 

(ii) Secondary market.

Controlling.

Money Market.

Following are the functions of a supervisor in an organisation : 

1. Communication of orders and instructions – A supervisor issues a number of orders to his subordinates everyday. Orders are issued to require them to act or not to act in a particular way. 

2. Controlling – Supervisory control includes checking on the methods in use and progress of work against the planned schedule, recording actual performance at regular intervals and reporting deviations to the manager concerned. 

3. Motivation – A supervisor inspires and motivates his subordinates through proper incentives towards better work performance.

(a) To Compensate its Floatation Cost of Issuing 9 % Debentures, the Finance Manager of “Foods India Ltd.” should Issue “Commercial Paper” for this Purpose. Commercial Papers are “Unsecured Promissory Note” used to meet the Floatation Cost, which is used to Raise Long Term Funds . These Papers were Introduced in India for the first time in tye year 1990. 

(b) Such Instruments are Traded in the “Money Market” and Commercial Paper is a Short Term Unsecured Promissory Note . So it is Beneficial for the Company to Issue such Instruments, as No Security is required to be provided by the Company.

”Price refers to the Amount of Money which the Customer Pays for the Product or Service He Purchases” . 

Following are the main factors affecting Price determination : 

• Product Cost : The most important factor affecting the price of a product is its cost . Product cost refers to the total of fixed costs, variable costs and semi variable costs incurred during the production, distribution and selling of the product. Fixed costs are those costs which remain fixed at all the levels of production or sales. E.g. Rent of Building, Salary etc. Variable costs refer to the costs which are directly related to the levels of production or sales. For example, costs of raw material, labour costs etc. Semi variable costs are those which change with the level of activity but not in direct proportion. For example, fixed salary of Rs.12,000 + upto 6% graded commission on increase in volume of sales. The price for a commodity is determined on the basis of the total cost. Sometimes, while entering a new market or launching a new product , business firm has to keep its price below the cost level but in the long run, it is necessary for a firm to cover more than its total cost if it wants to survive admit cutthroat competition.
• The Utility and Demand : Usually, consumers demand more units of a product when its price is low and vice versa. However, when the demand for a product is elastic, little variation in the price may result in large changes in quantity demanded. In case of inelastic demand, a change in the prices does not affect the demand significantly. Thus, a firm can charge higher profits in case of inelastic demand. Moreover, the buyer is ready to pay up to that point where he perceives utility from product to be at least equal to price paid. Thus, both utility and demand for a product affect its price. 
• Government and Legal Regulations : The firms which have monopoly in the market, usually charge high price for their products. In other to protect the interest of the public, the government intervenes and regulates the prices of the commodities for this purpose, it declares some products as essential products for example, Life saving drugs etc. 
• Marketing Methods Used : The various marketing methods such as distribution system, quality of salesman, advertising, type of packaging, customer services, etc. also affect the price of a product. For example, a firm will charge high price if it is using expensive material for packing its product.

Following are the points which highlight the importance of planning : 

1. Planning provides directions – Every organisation has some objectives to pursue and achieve. Planning highlights these objectives so that all organisational activities are directed towards these objectives. Planning provides a sense of direction in an organisation. Planning directs efforts into actions that contribute to accomplishment of goals. By providing framework, planning makes work more meaningful and orderly. 

2. Planning reduces uncertainty – A business enterprise has to operate in a dynamic and complex environment which is full of economic, social and political uncertainties. In the process of planning, attempt is made to forecast conditions in future. This provides a better understanding of what is likely to happen in the future and how to face these situations. 

3. Planning facilitates decision-making – Decision-making involves making a choice from among the various available alternatives after evaluating them. Planned targets provide the basis against which available alternatives are evaluated and selected. Planning avoids hasty decisions.