11513 + Interview Questions in CBSE IN GENERAL AWARENESS Page 40 InterviewSolution

1951.	Develop a story in 150 - 200 words with the help of the hints provided : The child-very hungry-outside a sweet shop-picks food-runs away-chased-caught-you, witness-feeling sad-offered help-a lesson to the child.
Answer» Children are the assets of the nation. They are the future of the nation. A nation can perceive its future in the form of its children. Napolian Bonapart. Once, said, “Give me good mothers, and I’ll give you good nation.” Which also signifies the importance of children. This is the reason why people should behave very liberally with the children but some times people behave just opposite to it. They become harsh towards the small mistakes committed by children. The same happened today also. I went to market today in the morning as my mother instructed me to bring some grocery from the market. I was busy in buying grocery. Suddenly, my eyes caught a child standing outside a sweet shop. He seemed to be very hungry. He wanted some food from the shopkeeper but the shop keeper wanted money for food. Being pressurised due to hunger, the child picked some food and ran away. The shopkeeper chased the child. They both were running frantically but the child was weak due to hunger so he could not run for long and the shopkeeper caught the child. He was scolding and beating the child. There were so many witnesses there. They wanted to help the hungry child. They forbade the shopkeeper to misbehave with the child. I paid the money to the shopkeeper for the food the child had taken. The child felt relieved but it was a lesson to the child not to steal anything at any cost. On the contrary, he was advised to join a school and work hard so that he could become a responsible person of the country.

Discussion

1952.	List two vital functions of kidney.
Answer» Vital functions of kidney: (a) To regulate right amount of water in body. (b) Helps in filtering out nitrogenous waste like urea from blood.

1952.

List two vital functions of kidney.

Answer»

Vital functions of kidney:

(a) To regulate right amount of water in body.

(b) Helps in filtering out nitrogenous waste like urea from blood.

Discussion

1953.	Yesterday you went to Sunrise Hospital, Market Road, New Delhi taking with you the victim of a hit and run accident. There were chaotic conditions in the casualty department. The injured was attended to after a lot of precious time had been lost. Write a letter of complaint inl20-150 words to the medical superintendent. You are Karan/ Karuna. Ml 14, Mall Road, Delhi.
Answer» M114, Mall Road Delhi 6th October, 2017 The Medical Superintendent Sunrise Hospital Market Road New Delhi Sub: Delay in medical attention Dear Sir, This is to bring to your attention the extremely trying experience I had in the reputed Sunrise Hospital yesterday. I had brought a victim of hit and run case to your hospital yesterday for treatment. I was anxious to procure urgent medical attention for the victim but to my dismay the attention came only after a prolonged period of painful and nervous wait. The emergency department appeared to be in a chaos. No doctor was available for a long time. By the time he arrived a long restless queue had already formed. All the while I was anxious about the well being of the patient who was bleeding profusely. Only after much pleading with the doctor could I compel him to see the patient. I would like you to carry out a full investigation into my concerns and provide a response in accordance with the Complaints Procedure of your hospital. I look forward to receiving your acknowledgement of this letter. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you need further information. Yours faithfully Karuna

1953.

Yesterday you went to Sunrise Hospital, Market Road, New Delhi taking with you the victim of a hit and run accident. There were chaotic conditions in the casualty department. The injured was attended to after a lot of precious time had been lost. Write a letter of complaint inl20-150 words to the medical superintendent. You are Karan/ Karuna. Ml 14, Mall Road, Delhi.

Answer»

M114, Mall Road

Delhi 6th October, 2017

The Medical Superintendent Sunrise Hospital Market Road New Delhi Sub: Delay in medical attention

Dear Sir,

This is to bring to your attention the extremely trying experience I had in the reputed Sunrise Hospital yesterday. I had brought a victim of hit and run case to your hospital yesterday for treatment. I was anxious to procure urgent medical attention for the victim but to my dismay the attention came only after a prolonged period of painful and nervous wait. The emergency department appeared to be in a chaos. No doctor was available for a long time. By the time he arrived a long restless queue had already formed. All the while I was anxious about the well being of the patient who was bleeding profusely. Only after much pleading with the doctor could I compel him to see the patient.

I would like you to carry out a full investigation into my concerns and provide a response in accordance with the Complaints Procedure of your hospital. I look forward to receiving your acknowledgement of this letter. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you need further information.

Yours faithfully

Karuna

Discussion

1954.	Principal, Sunrise Global School, Agra requires a receptionist for her school. Draft a suitable advertisement in about 50 words to be published in the classified columns of a national newspaper giving necessary details of qualifications and experience required in the receptionist.
Answer» SITUATION VACANT Wanted a confident receptionist for Sunrise Global School, Agra. Qualification - graduate, age - 25-30 years. Excellent command over English and Hindi pleasing manners and personality, should be computer literate. Salary negotiable. Apply with complete bio - data by 20th December to Sunrise School, Agra, Ph: 011 - 21111111 Need a suitable Receptionist at Sunrise Global School, Agra. The applicant must only apply for this post under the eligibility criteria of having graduated in Bachelors Degree in Business Administration, Management Sciences or Mass Communication. The receptionist must be willing to work from 8 am to 6 pm. Age and gender is not a matter for concern. Kindly email your CV's to [email protected], or drop off directly to Sunrise Global School, Panj Gali, Agra. Principal, Anushka Dadlani, Sunrise Global School.

1954.

Principal, Sunrise Global School, Agra requires a receptionist for her school. Draft a suitable advertisement in about 50 words to be published in the classified columns of a national newspaper giving necessary details of qualifications and experience required in the receptionist.

Answer»

SITUATION VACANT

Wanted a confident receptionist for Sunrise Global School, Agra. Qualification - graduate, age - 25-30 years. Excellent command over English and Hindi pleasing manners and personality, should be computer literate. Salary negotiable. Apply with complete bio - data by 20th December to Sunrise School, Agra, Ph: 011 - 21111111

Need a suitable Receptionist at Sunrise Global School, Agra.

The applicant must only apply for this post under the eligibility criteria of having graduated in Bachelors Degree in Business Administration, Management Sciences or Mass Communication. The receptionist must be willing to work from 8 am to 6 pm. Age and gender is not a matter for concern. Kindly email your CV's to [email protected], or drop off directly to Sunrise Global School, Panj Gali, Agra.

Principal, Anushka Dadlani,

Sunrise Global School.

Discussion

1955.	Explain the term "Regeneration" as used in relation to reproduction of organisms. Describe briefly how regeneration is carried out in multicellular organisms like Hydra.
Answer» Regeneration : It is the ability of an organism to give rise to a new organism/ individual from their body parts. Regeneration in Hydra : (i) The body of Hydra when cut into number of pieces forms regenerative cells. (ii) Each contains specialised cells. (iii)These cells proliferate and make large number of cells. (iv) From this mass of cells different cells undergo changes to form various cell types and tissue which finally develops into a new organism.

1955.

Explain the term "Regeneration" as used in relation to reproduction of organisms. Describe briefly how regeneration is carried out in multicellular organisms like Hydra.

Answer»

Regeneration : It is the ability of an organism to give rise to a new organism/ individual from their body parts.

Regeneration in Hydra :

(i) The body of Hydra when cut into number of pieces forms regenerative cells.

(ii) Each contains specialised cells.

(iii)These cells proliferate and make large number of cells.

(iv) From this mass of cells different cells undergo changes to form various cell types and tissue which finally develops into a new organism.

Discussion

1956.	Read the following passage carefully. What most people mean when they say they want to be themselves is that they want to be relaxed and comfortable, authentic, and free to express themselves, and they don’t want to be worried about being judged for doing it. But being yourself isn’t as simple as it seems, because you don’t have just one self; there are multiple versions of who you are. There is the self you are at work, the self you are with your best friend, the self you are with your family, the self you are with total strangers. There is your irritable self, your calm self, your social self, your kind self, your selfish self, and your best self. Sometimes you like yourself and sometimes you don’t. We are everchanging beings. Having a self that adapts to different situations is a highly desirable characteristic that demonstrates what psychologists refer to as EQ (emotional quotient), which is also known as social intelligence. Having good social intelligence reflects having knowledge of your own power to decide which self you want to be in a given situation. If a friend tries to make you laugh by telling you a joke that isn’t funny, you could be your truthful self and say it wasn’t funny, which might hurt the friend’s feelings. Or you could be your sensitive, caring self who smiles because you want to make your friend feel good. What is important to know is whether the self you are being at any given moment is a self that you like, and/or whether that self is helping you attain the things you want in life. Being your sarcastic self with your friends might make them laugh, but it probably wouldn’t land you the job you are interviewing for. Yelling at a co-worker who makes a mistake might be a way to release your authentic anger in the moment but it won’t gain his or her cooperation or motivation to help you in the future. So how do you reconcile the desire to “be yourself’ in situations where you feel unable to be authentic? Recognize that you don’t just have one self. You have choices about which self to be, and being adaptable is a trait that reflects intelligence and awareness about the effect you have on other people, as well as your potential to influence situations. Just because you hold back expressing certain thoughts or behaving in certain ways doesn’t mean you aren’t being yourself; it means you are being an aware version of yourself that knows when certain self-expression is appropriate and when it isn’t. You can still respect your desire for expression of certain aspects of your personality by finding appropriate outlets. If you have an aggressive streak, take up a boxing class or play paintball, but don’t run people off the highway. Learning how to express the diverse aspects of who you are as a person can be one of the greatest joys in life, and an essential part of maintaining your emotional well-being. On the other hand, expressing yourself in a socially intelligent way is critical to your success in life—and will be greatly appreciated by those around you. A. On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary— minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5 Marks)B. Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words.
Answer» A. TITLE: How to be Yourself? NOTES: (a) What ‘being yourself’ means: 1. to be relaxed 2. comfortable 3. authentic 4. free to express 5. no fear of being judged: (b) Why is it difficult? 1. one has many slvs 2. they r ever changing (c) Essential for being yourself: 1. high EQ/social intell. 2. means ability to adapt to demand of situ (d) How to be yourself in tough situations? 1. recognize man has many slvs of choice 2. adopt a self as per requirmnt 3. seek suitbl outle for self expr. 4. channelize extreme emo. Key to Abbreviations slvs : selves r : are requirmnt : requirement suitbl : suitable expr : expression emo : emotion B. SUMMARY Being yourselves means to be relaxed, authentic, comfortable and free from anxiety of being judged. However it is difficult as man has many opposing selves. The essential ingredient of being yourself is having a high EQ or social intelligence which is the ability to successfully adapt oneself to a situation. Ways to be yourself in tough situations are recognizing that man has many selves but also the power to choose the right self or behavior according to one’s need. Appropriate self expression and channelizing extreme impulses also help.

1956.

Read the following passage carefully. What most people mean when they say they want to be themselves is that they want to be relaxed and comfortable, authentic, and free to express themselves, and they don’t want to be worried about being judged for doing it. But being yourself isn’t as simple as it seems, because you don’t have just one self; there are multiple versions of who you are. There is the self you are at work, the self you are with your best friend, the self you are with your family, the self you are with total strangers. There is your irritable self, your calm self, your social self, your kind self, your selfish self, and your best self. Sometimes you like yourself and sometimes you don’t. We are everchanging beings. Having a self that adapts to different situations is a highly desirable characteristic that demonstrates what psychologists refer to as EQ (emotional quotient), which is also known as social intelligence. Having good social intelligence reflects having knowledge of your own power to decide which self you want to be in a given situation. If a friend tries to make you laugh by telling you a joke that isn’t funny, you could be your truthful self and say it wasn’t funny, which might hurt the friend’s feelings. Or you could be your sensitive, caring self who smiles because you want to make your friend feel good. What is important to know is whether the self you are being at any given moment is a self that you like, and/or whether that self is helping you attain the things you want in life. Being your sarcastic self with your friends might make them laugh, but it probably wouldn’t land you the job you are interviewing for. Yelling at a co-worker who makes a mistake might be a way to release your authentic anger in the moment but it won’t gain his or her cooperation or motivation to help you in the future. So how do you reconcile the desire to “be yourself’ in situations where you feel unable to be authentic? Recognize that you don’t just have one self. You have choices about which self to be, and being adaptable is a trait that reflects intelligence and awareness about the effect you have on other people, as well as your potential to influence situations. Just because you hold back expressing certain thoughts or behaving in certain ways doesn’t mean you aren’t being yourself; it means you are being an aware version of yourself that knows when certain self-expression is appropriate and when it isn’t. You can still respect your desire for expression of certain aspects of your personality by finding appropriate outlets. If you have an aggressive streak, take up a boxing class or play paintball, but don’t run people off the highway. Learning how to express the diverse aspects of who you are as a person can be one of the greatest joys in life, and an essential part of maintaining your emotional well-being. On the other hand, expressing yourself in a socially intelligent way is critical to your success in life—and will be greatly appreciated by those around you. A. On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary— minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5 Marks)B. Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words.

Answer»

A. TITLE: How to be Yourself?

NOTES:

(a) What ‘being yourself’ means:

1. to be relaxed

2. comfortable

3. authentic

4. free to express

5. no fear of being judged:

(b) Why is it difficult?

1. one has many slvs

2. they r ever changing

(c) Essential for being yourself:

1. high EQ/social intell.

2. means ability to adapt to demand of situ

(d) How to be yourself in tough situations?

1. recognize man has many slvs of choice

2. adopt a self as per requirmnt

3. seek suitbl outle for self expr.

4. channelize extreme emo.

Key to Abbreviations

slvs : selves

r : are

requirmnt : requirement

suitbl : suitable

expr : expression

emo : emotion

B. SUMMARY

Being yourselves means to be relaxed, authentic, comfortable and free from anxiety of being judged. However it is difficult as man has many opposing selves. The essential ingredient of being yourself is having a high EQ or social intelligence which is the ability to successfully adapt oneself to a situation. Ways to be yourself in tough situations are recognizing that man has many selves but also the power to choose the right self or behavior according to one’s need. Appropriate self expression and channelizing extreme impulses also help.

Discussion

1957.	Read the following passage carefully. 1. An ancient Sanskrit saying says, woman is the home and the home is the basis of society. It is as we build our homes that we can build our country. If the home is inadequate—either inadequate in material goods and necessities or inadequate in the sort of friendly, loving atmosphere that every child needs to grow and develop— then that country cannot have harmony and no country which does not have harmony can grow in any direction at all.2. That is why women’s education is almost more important than the education of boys and men. We—and by ‘we’ I do not mean only we in India but all the world— have neglected women education. It is fairly recent. Of course, not to you but when I was a child, the story of early days of women’s education in England, for instance, was very f current. Everybody remembered what had happened in the early days,3. I remember what used to happen here. I still remember the days when living in old Delhi even as a small child of seven or eight. I had to go out in a doli if I left the house. We just did not walk. Girls did not walk in the streets. First, you had your sari with which you covered your head, then you had another shawl or something with which you covered your hand and all the body, then you had a white shawl, with which everything was covered again although your face was open fortunately. Then you were in the doli, which again was covered by another cloth. And this was in a family or community which did not observe purdah of any kind at all. In fact, all our social functions always were mixed functions but this was the atmosphere of the city and of the country. 4. Now, we have got education and there is a debate all over the country whether this education is adequate to the needs of society or the needs of our young people. I am one of those who always believe that education needs a thorough overhauling. But at the same time, I think that everything in our education is not bad, that even the present education has produced very fine men and women, specially scientists and experts in different fields, who are in great demand all over the world and even in the most i affluent countries. Many of our young people leave us and go abroad because they get higher salaries, they get better conditions of work. 5. But it is not all a one-sided business because there are many who are persuaded and cajoled to go even when they are reluctant. We know of first class students, especially in medicine or nuclear energy for instance, they are approached long before they have passed out and offered all kinds of inducements to go out. Now, that shows that people do consider that they have a standard of knowledge and capability which will be useful anywhere in the world.6. So, that is why I say that there is something worthwhile. It also shows that our own ancient philosophy has taught us that nothing in life is entirely bad or entirely good. Everything is somewhat of a mixture and it depends on us and our capability how we can extract the good, how we can make use of what is around us. There are people who through observation can learn from anything that is around them. There are others who can be surrounded by the most fascinating people, the most wonderful books, and other things and who yet remain quite closed in and they are unable to take anything from this wealth around them.I. Answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option:(a) If there is no harmony then: 1. children suffer. 2. there can be no direction for national growth. 3. women remain miserable. 4. homelife remains unsatisfactory. (b) Indira Gandhi recalls the example of women covered in layers of clothing to point out: 1. women were not allowed to walk in streets. 2. women were overprotected. 3. it was very cold in Delhi. 4. women’s freedom had been restricted severely. II. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible.(a) How do women contribute to the growth of a country? (b) What is good about our education system? (c) What is the debate about education? (d) What according to the narrator has the ancient philosophy taught us? (e) What is the type of people that the narrator mentions in the passage? (f) Our country requires a large number of talented young people like doctors engineers. Then why do young and talented people go abroad? III. Find words from the passage which are similar in meaning to the following.(a) Incentives (para 5) (b) to persuade with gentle persuasion (para 5)
Answer» I. (a) (3) there can be no direction for national growth. (b) (4) women’s freedom had been restricted severely. II. (a) Woman is the home and the home is the basis of society. If the home is inadequate then that country cannot have harmony and no country which does not have harmony can grow in any direction at all. (b) The present education has produced very fine men and women, specially scientists and experts in different fields, who are in great demand all over the world and even in the most affluent countries. (c) The debate all over the country is whether this education is adequate to the needs of society or the needs of our young people. (d) Our own ancient philosophy has taught us that nothing in life is entirely bad or entirely good. Everything is somewhat of a mixture and it depends on us and our capability how we can extract the good, how we can make use of what is around us. (e) There are people who through observation can learn from anything that is around them. There are others who can be surrounded by the most fascinating people, the most wonderful books, and other things and who yet remain quite closed in and they are unable to take anything from this wealth around them. (f) Young and talented people go abroad because they get higher salaries and better working environment. III. (a) inducements (b) cajole

1957.

Read the following passage carefully. 1. An ancient Sanskrit saying says, woman is the home and the home is the basis of society. It is as we build our homes that we can build our country. If the home is inadequate—either inadequate in material goods and necessities or inadequate in the sort of friendly, loving atmosphere that every child needs to grow and develop— then that country cannot have harmony and no country which does not have harmony can grow in any direction at all.2. That is why women’s education is almost more important than the education of boys and men. We—and by ‘we’ I do not mean only we in India but all the world— have neglected women education. It is fairly recent. Of course, not to you but when I was a child, the story of early days of women’s education in England, for instance, was very f current. Everybody remembered what had happened in the early days,3. I remember what used to happen here. I still remember the days when living in old Delhi even as a small child of seven or eight. I had to go out in a doli if I left the house. We just did not walk. Girls did not walk in the streets. First, you had your sari with which you covered your head, then you had another shawl or something with which you covered your hand and all the body, then you had a white shawl, with which everything was covered again although your face was open fortunately. Then you were in the doli, which again was covered by another cloth. And this was in a family or community which did not observe purdah of any kind at all. In fact, all our social functions always were mixed functions but this was the atmosphere of the city and of the country. 4. Now, we have got education and there is a debate all over the country whether this education is adequate to the needs of society or the needs of our young people. I am one of those who always believe that education needs a thorough overhauling. But at the same time, I think that everything in our education is not bad, that even the present education has produced very fine men and women, specially scientists and experts in different fields, who are in great demand all over the world and even in the most i affluent countries. Many of our young people leave us and go abroad because they get higher salaries, they get better conditions of work. 5. But it is not all a one-sided business because there are many who are persuaded and cajoled to go even when they are reluctant. We know of first class students, especially in medicine or nuclear energy for instance, they are approached long before they have passed out and offered all kinds of inducements to go out. Now, that shows that people do consider that they have a standard of knowledge and capability which will be useful anywhere in the world.6. So, that is why I say that there is something worthwhile. It also shows that our own ancient philosophy has taught us that nothing in life is entirely bad or entirely good. Everything is somewhat of a mixture and it depends on us and our capability how we can extract the good, how we can make use of what is around us. There are people who through observation can learn from anything that is around them. There are others who can be surrounded by the most fascinating people, the most wonderful books, and other things and who yet remain quite closed in and they are unable to take anything from this wealth around them.I. Answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option:(a) If there is no harmony then: 1. children suffer. 2. there can be no direction for national growth. 3. women remain miserable. 4. homelife remains unsatisfactory. (b) Indira Gandhi recalls the example of women covered in layers of clothing to point out: 1. women were not allowed to walk in streets. 2. women were overprotected. 3. it was very cold in Delhi. 4. women’s freedom had been restricted severely. II. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible.(a) How do women contribute to the growth of a country? (b) What is good about our education system? (c) What is the debate about education? (d) What according to the narrator has the ancient philosophy taught us? (e) What is the type of people that the narrator mentions in the passage? (f) Our country requires a large number of talented young people like doctors engineers. Then why do young and talented people go abroad? III. Find words from the passage which are similar in meaning to the following.(a) Incentives (para 5) (b) to persuade with gentle persuasion (para 5)

Answer»

I. (a) (3) there can be no direction for national growth.

(b) (4) women’s freedom had been restricted severely.

II. (a) Woman is the home and the home is the basis of society. If the home is inadequate then that country cannot have harmony and no country which does not have harmony can grow in any direction at all.

(b) The present education has produced very fine men and women, specially scientists and experts in different fields, who are in great demand all over the world and even in the most affluent countries.

(c) The debate all over the country is whether this education is adequate to the needs of society or the needs of our young people.

(d) Our own ancient philosophy has taught us that nothing in life is entirely bad or entirely good. Everything is somewhat of a mixture and it depends on us and our capability how we can extract the good, how we can make use of what is around us.

(e) There are people who through observation can learn from anything that is around them. There are others who can be surrounded by the most fascinating people, the most wonderful books, and other things and who yet remain quite closed in and they are unable to take anything from this wealth around them.

(f) Young and talented people go abroad because they get higher salaries and better working environment.

III. (a) inducements

(b) cajole

Discussion

1958.	Read the following passage carefully.1. Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers.2. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields, such as Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Materials Science, and Engineering. 3. The ideas and concepts behind nanoscience and nanotechnology started with a talk entitled “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” by physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech) on December 29, 1959, long before the term nanotechnology was used. In his talk, Feynman described a process in which scientists would be able to manipulate and control individual atoms and molecules. Over a decade later, in his explorations of ultraprecision machining, Professor Norio Taniguchi coined the term nanotechnology. It wasn’t until 1981, with the development of the scanning tunneling microscope that could ‘see’ individual atoms, that modern nanotechnology began.4. It’s hard to imagine just how small nanotechnology is. One nanometer is a billionth of a meter, or 1/109 of a meter. Here are a few illustrative examples: There are 25,400,000 nanometers in an inch: A sheet of newspaper is about 100,000 nanometers thick. On a comparative scale, if a marble were a nanometer, then one meter would be the size of the Earth.5. Nanoscience and nanotechnology involve the ability to see and to control individual atoms and molecules. Everything on Earth is made up of atoms—the food we eat, the clothes we wear, the buildings and houses we live in, and our own bodies.6. But something as small as an atom is impossible to see with the naked eye. In fact, it’s impossible to see with the microscopes typically used in a high school science classes. The microscopes needed to see things at the nanoscale were invented relatively recently—about 30 years ago.7. Once scientists had the right tools, such as the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and the atomic force microscope (AFM), the age of nanotechnology was born.8. Although modern nanoscience and nanotechnology are quite new, nanoscale materials were used for centuries. Alternate-sized gold and silver particles created colors in the stained glass windows of medieval churches hundreds of years ago. The artists back then just didn’t know that the process they used to create these beautiful works of art actually led to changes in the composition of the materials they were working with.9. Today’s scientists and engineers are finding a wide variety of ways to deliberately make materials at the nanoscale to take advantage of their enhanced properties such as higher strength, lighter weight, increased control of light spectrum, and greater chemical reactivity than their larger-scale counterparts.I. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option.(a) Materials at nanoscale are desirable as they:1. have higher strength. 2. have light weight. 3. increased control of light spectrum.4. all of the above.(b) Pick a statement that is not true: 1. food is made of atoms. 2. our bodies are made of atoms. 3. high school microscopes can reveal atoms. 4. atoms can be seen with the naked eye.(c) Nanotechnology can be used in: 1. chemistry. 2. making newspaper. 3. making artworks using colours. 4. both (1) and (2).II. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible.(a) What is nanotechnology? (b) How did the concept of nanoscience start?(c) Who coined the term ‘nanotechnology? (d) What restricted the use of nanotechnology? (e) Which inventions made modern nanotechnology possible? (f) What did the artists of earlier age not know? III. Find words from the passage which mean the same as:(a) influence (para 3)(b) instructive (para 4)(c) band (para 9)
Answer» I. (a) (4) all of the above (b) (4) atoms can be seen with the naked eye (c) (4) both (1) and (2) II. (a) Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers. (b) The ideas and concepts behind nanoscience and nanotechnology started with a talk entitled “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” by physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech) on December 29, 1959. (c) Professor Norio Taniguchi coined the term nanotechnology. (d) Lack of microscopes that could make atom visible restricted the use of nanoscience. (e) The right tools, such as the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and the atomic force microscope (AFM) helped the growth of nanotechnology. (f) The artists of the earlier ages did not know that in using alternate sized gold and silver particles to create colors they were actually engaging in nanotechnology as this process changed the composition of the materials they worked with. III. (a)manipulate (b) illustrative (c) spectrum

1958.

Read the following passage carefully.1. Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers.2. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields, such as Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Materials Science, and Engineering. 3. The ideas and concepts behind nanoscience and nanotechnology started with a talk entitled “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” by physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech) on December 29, 1959, long before the term nanotechnology was used. In his talk, Feynman described a process in which scientists would be able to manipulate and control individual atoms and molecules. Over a decade later, in his explorations of ultraprecision machining, Professor Norio Taniguchi coined the term nanotechnology. It wasn’t until 1981, with the development of the scanning tunneling microscope that could ‘see’ individual atoms, that modern nanotechnology began.4. It’s hard to imagine just how small nanotechnology is. One nanometer is a billionth of a meter, or 1/109 of a meter. Here are a few illustrative examples: There are 25,400,000 nanometers in an inch: A sheet of newspaper is about 100,000 nanometers thick. On a comparative scale, if a marble were a nanometer, then one meter would be the size of the Earth.5. Nanoscience and nanotechnology involve the ability to see and to control individual atoms and molecules. Everything on Earth is made up of atoms—the food we eat, the clothes we wear, the buildings and houses we live in, and our own bodies.6. But something as small as an atom is impossible to see with the naked eye. In fact, it’s impossible to see with the microscopes typically used in a high school science classes. The microscopes needed to see things at the nanoscale were invented relatively recently—about 30 years ago.7. Once scientists had the right tools, such as the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and the atomic force microscope (AFM), the age of nanotechnology was born.8. Although modern nanoscience and nanotechnology are quite new, nanoscale materials were used for centuries. Alternate-sized gold and silver particles created colors in the stained glass windows of medieval churches hundreds of years ago. The artists back then just didn’t know that the process they used to create these beautiful works of art actually led to changes in the composition of the materials they were working with.9. Today’s scientists and engineers are finding a wide variety of ways to deliberately make materials at the nanoscale to take advantage of their enhanced properties such as higher strength, lighter weight, increased control of light spectrum, and greater chemical reactivity than their larger-scale counterparts.I. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option.(a) Materials at nanoscale are desirable as they:1. have higher strength. 2. have light weight. 3. increased control of light spectrum.4. all of the above.(b) Pick a statement that is not true: 1. food is made of atoms. 2. our bodies are made of atoms. 3. high school microscopes can reveal atoms. 4. atoms can be seen with the naked eye.(c) Nanotechnology can be used in: 1. chemistry. 2. making newspaper. 3. making artworks using colours. 4. both (1) and (2).II. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible.(a) What is nanotechnology? (b) How did the concept of nanoscience start?(c) Who coined the term ‘nanotechnology? (d) What restricted the use of nanotechnology? (e) Which inventions made modern nanotechnology possible? (f) What did the artists of earlier age not know? III. Find words from the passage which mean the same as:(a) influence (para 3)(b) instructive (para 4)(c) band (para 9)

Answer»

I. (a) (4) all of the above

(b) (4) atoms can be seen with the naked eye

(c) (4) both (1) and (2)

II. (a) Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers.

(b) The ideas and concepts behind nanoscience and nanotechnology started with a talk entitled “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” by physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech) on December 29, 1959.

(c) Professor Norio Taniguchi coined the term nanotechnology.

(d) Lack of microscopes that could make atom visible restricted the use of nanoscience.

(e) The right tools, such as the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and the atomic force microscope (AFM) helped the growth of nanotechnology.

(f) The artists of the earlier ages did not know that in using alternate sized gold and silver particles to create colors they were actually engaging in nanotechnology as this process changed the composition of the materials they worked with.

III. (a)manipulate

(b) illustrative

(c) spectrum

Discussion

1959.	India has one of the largest road networks in the world, aggregating to about 2.3 million km at present. On what basis roadways have taken an edge over railways? Explain.
Answer» (a) Construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines. (b) Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography, they can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains such as the Himalayas (c) Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances, (d) It also Provides door-to-door service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower (e) Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport such as they provide a link between railway stations, air and sea ports.

1959.

India has one of the largest road networks in the world, aggregating to about 2.3 million km at present. On what basis roadways have taken an edge over railways? Explain.

Answer»

(a) Construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines.

(b) Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography, they can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains such as the Himalayas

(c) Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances,

(d) It also Provides door-to-door service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower

(e) Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport such as they provide a link between railway stations, air and sea ports.

Discussion

1960.	What moral philosophy does George Eliot present in the novel Silas Mamer?
Answer» Certain philosophies come out in the novel. First is that life is never certain. We need to be mentally, spiritually, and morally ready to withstand the circumstances that come our way. Silas’ existence was at the mercy of outside influences: his church, friends, reputation in Lantern Yard, and relationship with his former fiancee. When his supposed best friend framed Silas in a theft and ruined his life, Silas was left a broken man. His second fall was significant, however, in that he learned to connect with others. For the first time in years, he had to let go of his neurotic self-control and let the charity and care of outsiders enter his heart. This leads to a second moral philosophy, which is that we need to experience love and companionship. As human beings, we have the responsibility of communicating and being open to others. After the theft of the gold, he allowed their compassion toward his pain to touch his heart and became a loving parent to Eppie! Therefore, had Silas not accepted love and companionship first, he would have never learned to give it.

1960.

What moral philosophy does George Eliot present in the novel Silas Mamer?

Answer»

Certain philosophies come out in the novel. First is that life is never certain. We need to be mentally, spiritually, and morally ready to withstand the circumstances that come our way.

Silas’ existence was at the mercy of outside influences: his church, friends, reputation in Lantern Yard, and relationship with his former fiancee. When his supposed best friend framed Silas in a theft and ruined his life, Silas was left a broken man. His second fall was significant, however, in that he learned to connect with others. For the first time in years, he had to let go of his neurotic self-control and let the charity and care of outsiders enter his heart. This leads to a second moral philosophy, which is that we need to experience love and companionship. As human beings, we have the responsibility of communicating and being open to others. After the theft of the gold, he allowed their compassion toward his pain to touch his heart and became a loving parent to Eppie!

Therefore, had Silas not accepted love and companionship first, he would have never learned to give it.

Discussion

1961.	What is meant by family planning?
Answer» Family planning is the spacing or preventing the birth of children.

Discussion

1962.	Name the seas linked by the Suez canal.
Answer» Mediterranean and Red seas are connected by the Suez Canal.

Discussion

1963.	Name the first major sea port of India developed after Independence.
Answer» Kandla the first major sea port of India developed after Independence.

Discussion

1964.	What do you understand by common property resource?
Answer» Common Property Resources can be defined as community’s natural resource where every member has the right to access and usage with some obligations without any body having the right to property or own them.

Discussion

1965.	Name the sources of non conventional sources of energy.
Answer» Solar, Wind, Bio energy, Tidal wave, Geo-thermal.

Discussion

1966.	Name the two metropolitan cities which are the main polluters of river Ganga before it reached Varanasi.
Answer» Kanpur and Allahabad

Discussion

1967.	Diary foods ltd., has been well known for it’s products throughout India. They started manufacturing Biscuits and chocolates in the year 1995 and slowly built their brand. The company occupied the top position in terms of sales and it increased it’s product range also. By 2010 they were the undisputed leader in the field of confectionaries. Their annual general meeting was held wherein the Board of directors felt that the company should also be socially responsible in doing their business. They decided to use new technologically advanced recycled paper for all their products which would retain the freshness of their products as well as contribute towards the saving of our planet. By doing this the company has modified their goods in a particular way to create a new product of greater value to the customers. Identify the concept mentioned above and explain it from financial and marketing point of view.
Answer» Value addition Business can add values to goods and services by modifying them in a particular way to create a new product of greater value to customers. Added value, from a financial point of view, represents the difference between the value of goods and services that are used as inputs to a production process and the value of the outputs of that process. Added value, from a marketing perspective, means adding value that turns a commodity into a branded product. Branded products and services can also have value addition by enhancing their design, characteristics or range of features.

1967.

Diary foods ltd., has been well known for it’s products throughout India. They started manufacturing Biscuits and chocolates in the year 1995 and slowly built their brand. The company occupied the top position in terms of sales and it increased it’s product range also. By 2010 they were the undisputed leader in the field of confectionaries. Their annual general meeting was held wherein the Board of directors felt that the company should also be socially responsible in doing their business. They decided to use new technologically advanced recycled paper for all their products which would retain the freshness of their products as well as contribute towards the saving of our planet. By doing this the company has modified their goods in a particular way to create a new product of greater value to the customers. Identify the concept mentioned above and explain it from financial and marketing point of view.

Answer»

Value addition

Business can add values to goods and services by modifying them in a particular way to create a new product of greater value to customers.

Added value, from a financial point of view, represents the difference between the value of goods and services that are used as inputs to a production process and the value of the outputs of that process.

Added value, from a marketing perspective, means adding value that turns a commodity into a branded product. Branded products and services can also have value addition by enhancing their design, characteristics or range of features.

Discussion

1968.	Unicon Ltd. and Nahata Communications provide Cable T.V network in adjacent areas of Delhi. After sometime the market was slowly taken over by big cable companies. Both Unicon Ltd. And Nahata communications understood the competition and decided to come together so as to increase their markets share. This strategy helped them in cost saving through economies of scale as they could cover more areas now. It led to the overall growth of both the companies. a. Identify the enterprise growth strategy adopted by the two. b. State the benefits that the companies have after this arrangement.
Answer» a. A market extension merger takes place between two companies that deal in the same products but in separate markets. The main purpose of the market extension merger is to make sure that the merging companies can get access to a bigger market and that ensures a bigger client base. b. Benefits: 1.Synergy Synergy is the most essential component of mergers. In mergers, synergy between the participating firms determines the increase in value of the combined entity. In other words, it refers to the difference between the value of the combined firm and the value of the sum of the participants. Synergy accrues in the form of revenue enhancement and cost savings. 2. Acquiring new technology To remain competitive, companies need to constantly upgrade their technology and business applications. To upgrade technology, a company need not always acquire technology. By buying another company with unique technology, the buying company can maintain or developa competitive edge. 3. Improved profitability Companies explore the possibilities of a merger when they anticipate that it will improve their profitability. 4. Acquiring a competency Companies also opt for Merger and Acquisition to acquire a competency or capability that they do not have and which the other firm does. 5. Entry into new markets Mergers are often looked upon as a tool for hassle-free entry into new markets. Under normal conditions, a company can enter a new market, but may have to face stiff competition from the existing companies and may have to battle out for a share in the existing market. 6. Access to funds Often a company finds it difficult to access funds from the capital market. This weakness deprives the company of funds to pursue its growth objectives effectively. In such cases, a company may decide to merge with another company that is viewed as fund-rich. 7. Tax benefits Mergers are also adopted to reduce tax liabilities. By merging with a lossmaking entity, a company with a high tax liability can set off the accumulated losses of the target against its profits gaining tax benefits.

1968.

Unicon Ltd. and Nahata Communications provide Cable T.V network in adjacent areas of Delhi. After sometime the market was slowly taken over by big cable companies. Both Unicon Ltd. And Nahata communications understood the competition and decided to come together so as to increase their markets share. This strategy helped them in cost saving through economies of scale as they could cover more areas now. It led to the overall growth of both the companies. a. Identify the enterprise growth strategy adopted by the two. b. State the benefits that the companies have after this arrangement.

Answer»

a. A market extension merger takes place between two companies that deal in the same products but in separate markets. The main purpose of the market extension merger is to make sure that the merging companies can get access to a bigger market and that ensures a bigger client base.

b. Benefits:

1.Synergy

Synergy is the most essential component of mergers. In mergers, synergy between the participating firms determines the increase in value of the combined entity. In other words, it refers to the difference between the value of the combined firm and the value of the sum of the participants. Synergy accrues in the form of revenue enhancement and cost savings.

2. Acquiring new technology

To remain competitive, companies need to constantly upgrade their technology and business applications. To upgrade technology, a company need not always acquire technology. By buying another company with unique technology, the buying company can maintain or developa competitive edge.

3. Improved profitability

Companies explore the possibilities of a merger when they anticipate that it will improve their profitability.

4. Acquiring a competency

Companies also opt for Merger and Acquisition to acquire a competency or capability that they do not have and which the other firm does.

5. Entry into new markets

Mergers are often looked upon as a tool for hassle-free entry into new markets. Under normal conditions, a company can enter a new market, but may have to face stiff competition from the existing companies and may have to battle out for a share in the existing market.

6. Access to funds

Often a company finds it difficult to access funds from the capital market. This weakness deprives the company of funds to pursue its growth objectives effectively. In such cases, a company may decide to merge with another company that is viewed as fund-rich.

7. Tax benefits

Mergers are also adopted to reduce tax liabilities. By merging with a lossmaking entity, a company with a high tax liability can set off the accumulated losses of the target against its profits gaining tax benefits.

Discussion

1969.	‘Floral Art and Craft’ opened its first store in Mumbai in the year 2010 with the objective of providing its customers with fresh flowers creatively packed and value for money. It procures fresh flower directly from the farmers. The organization makes sure that the farmers adopt organic means to nourish the soil and do not use chemical fertilizers as it degrades the soil fertility. Packaging material is procured from specially abled crafts man of I CAN. Floral Art and Craft’s face book and twitter page encourages two way communication with its customers. These social media channels provide a platform through which it can interact with customers and access their opinion about the brand. The store also uses direct e-mails to their frequent customers to inform them about different schemes and other promotional messages. Its website promotes the store by organizing different flower decorating classes and competitions using the products of I CAN. A. Identify the promotion strategy adopted by I CAN. Also state the lines from the text that helped to identify the form. B. State any two features of this type promotion strategy.C. State two values communicated to the society.
Answer» A. Below-the-line Promotion Strategy. ‘Floral Art and Craft’s face book and twitter page encourages two way communication with its customers.’ ‘These social media channels provide a platform through which it can interact with customers and access their opinion about the brand.’ ‘The store also uses direct e-mails to their frequent customers to inform them about different schemes and other promotional messages.’ ‘Its website promotes the store by organizing different flower decorating classes and competitions using the products of ‘I CAN’. B. i. Below-the-line methods are very specific, memorable activities focused on targeted groups of consumers. They are under the control of the organisation. ii. This strategy develops the brand by creating awareness and building a brand profile. C. i. Environmental concerns. ii. Concern for the society

1969.

‘Floral Art and Craft’ opened its first store in Mumbai in the year 2010 with the objective of providing its customers with fresh flowers creatively packed and value for money. It procures fresh flower directly from the farmers. The organization makes sure that the farmers adopt organic means to nourish the soil and do not use chemical fertilizers as it degrades the soil fertility. Packaging material is procured from specially abled crafts man of I CAN. Floral Art and Craft’s face book and twitter page encourages two way communication with its customers. These social media channels provide a platform through which it can interact with customers and access their opinion about the brand. The store also uses direct e-mails to their frequent customers to inform them about different schemes and other promotional messages. Its website promotes the store by organizing different flower decorating classes and competitions using the products of I CAN. A. Identify the promotion strategy adopted by I CAN. Also state the lines from the text that helped to identify the form. B. State any two features of this type promotion strategy.C. State two values communicated to the society.

Answer»

A. Below-the-line Promotion Strategy.

‘Floral Art and Craft’s face book and twitter page encourages two way communication with its customers.’ ‘These social media channels provide a platform through which it can interact with customers and access their opinion about the brand.’ ‘The store also uses direct e-mails to their frequent customers to inform them about different schemes and other promotional messages.’ ‘Its website promotes the store by organizing different flower decorating classes and competitions using the products of ‘I CAN’.

B. i. Below-the-line methods are very specific, memorable activities focused on targeted groups of consumers. They are under the control of the organisation.

ii. This strategy develops the brand by creating awareness and building a brand profile.

C. i. Environmental concerns.

ii. Concern for the society

Discussion

1970.	Explain the following features of a cooperative society: Democratic management Capital and return thereon Distribution of surplus
Answer» Features of Co-operative societies: 1. Democratic management: The management of a co-operative organisation is vested in the hands of the managing committee elected by the members on the basis of 'one member-one vote'. Democracy is, thus, the keynote of the management of a cooperative society. 2. Capital and return thereon: The capital is procured from its members in the form of share capital. A member can subscribe subject to a maximum of 10% of the total share capital or Rs. 1,000 whichever is higher. Shares cannot be transferred but surrendered to the organisation. The rate of dividends paid to the members/ shareholders is restricted to 9% as per the Cooperative Societies Act, 1912. 3. Distribution of surplus: After giving dividends to the members, the surplus of profits, if any, is distributed among the members on the basis of goods purchased by each member from the society

1970.

Explain the following features of a cooperative society: Democratic management Capital and return thereon Distribution of surplus

Answer»

Features of Co-operative societies:

1. Democratic management: The management of a co-operative organisation is vested in the hands of the managing committee elected by the members on the basis of 'one member-one vote'. Democracy is, thus, the keynote of the management of a cooperative society.

2. Capital and return thereon: The capital is procured from its members in the form of share capital. A member can subscribe subject to a maximum of 10% of the total share capital or Rs. 1,000 whichever is higher. Shares cannot be transferred but surrendered to the organisation. The rate of dividends paid to the members/ shareholders is restricted to 9% as per the Cooperative Societies Act, 1912.

3. Distribution of surplus: After giving dividends to the members, the surplus of profits, if any, is distributed among the members on the basis of goods purchased by each member from the society

Discussion

1971.	Ms. Rosy is a ready made garments manufacturer. Her Annual Usage rate is 225 Pcs. The cost of placing each order is Rs.8/- and the carrying cost is Rs.4 per unit. Calculate the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ). How does calculating EOQ facilitate budgeting?
Answer» a. EOQ = 2XPXD / C EOQ=2 X 225 X 8 /4 EOQ= 900 EOQ = 30 Units b. EOQ denotes the ideal quantity of raw material and goods to be ordered. This leads to optimum utilization of the financial resources.

1971.

Ms. Rosy is a ready made garments manufacturer. Her Annual Usage rate is 225 Pcs. The cost of placing each order is Rs.8/- and the carrying cost is Rs.4 per unit. Calculate the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ). How does calculating EOQ facilitate budgeting?

Answer»

a. EOQ = 2XPXD / C

EOQ=2 X 225 X 8 /4

EOQ= 900

EOQ = 30 Units

b. EOQ denotes the ideal quantity of raw material and goods to be ordered. This leads to optimum utilization of the financial resources.

Discussion

1972.	Let * be a ‘binary’ operation on N given by ab = LCM (a, b) for all a, b∈N. Find 5 7.
Answer» 5 * 7 = LCM of 5 and 7 = 35

Discussion

1973.	Giving reasons, state whether the statements are true or false.Gross domestic product at market price includes net factor income from abroad and net indirect taxes.
Answer» False: GDPMP does not include net factor income from abroad but includes net indirect taxes.

Discussion

1974.

Difference between total utility and marginal utility.

Answer»

Difference between total utility and marginal utility are:

Marginal Utility	Total Utility
1. The utility derived from consuming extra unit of a commodity is known as marginal utility.	Total utility is the aggregate utility that a person derives from consuming a particular product.
2. The marginal utility shows a tendency to decrease with every additional intake.	In the beginning the total utility increases but at a decreasing rate.
3. At the point of satiety marginal utility is zero.	At the point of satiety total utility is maximum.
4. Once the point of satiety is reached, thereafter marginal utility becomes negative.	The total utility starts falling after the point of maximum satisfaction.
5. Marginal utility could be stated as the difference between the total utilities of the two successive units. For instance marginal utility of fourth unit would be the total utility of fourth unit less the total utility of the third unit.	Total utility could also be sated as summation of the marginal utilities. It simply means total utility for a particular unit is the summation of the marginal utilities up to that unit.
6. The tendency of marginal utility is diminishing and this forms the basis for the law of diminishing marginal utility.	In case of total utility, initially the consumer gets more and more satisfaction from consumption of a particular product but beyond a certain level this satisfaction reaches at the point where it does not rise but remains constant and thereafter starts falling.

Discussion

1975.	When the total fixed cost of producing 100 units is ₹ 30 and the average variable cost ₹ 3, total cost is (Choose the correct alternative) : (a) ₹3 (b) ₹30 (c) ₹270 (d) ₹ 330
Answer» The average variable cost ₹ 3, total cost is ₹ 330

Discussion

1976.	Define fixed cost.
Answer» Fixed costs of a firm refer to the costs which do not change with the change in output.

Discussion

1977.	When the total fixed cost of producing 100 units is Rs. 30 and the average variable cost Rs.3, total cost is : (Choose the correct alternative) (a) Rs. 3 (b) Rs. 30 (c) Rs. 270 (a) Rs. 330
Answer» Correct Option (d) Rs. 330

Discussion

1978.	When the total fixed cost of producing 100 units is Rs.30 and the average variable cost Rs.3, total cost is : (Choose the correct alternative)(a) Rs.3 (b) Rs.30 (c) Rs.270 (c) Rs.330
Answer» (c) Total cost is Rs.330

Discussion

1979.	When the Average Product (AP) is maximum the Marginal Product (MP) is (Choose the correct alternative) : (a) Equal to AP. (b) Less than AP. (c) More than AP. (d) Can be any one of the above.
Answer» (a) Equal to AP.

Discussion

1980.	When the Average Product (AP) is maximum, the Marginal Product (MP) is : (Choose the correct alternative)(a) Equal to AP(b) Less than AP(c) More than AP(d) Can be any one of the above
Answer» Correct Option (a) Equal to AP

Discussion

1981.	When the Average Product (AP) is maxinrum, the Marginal Product (MP) is : (Choose the correct alternative)(a) Equal to AP (b) Less than AP (c) More than AP (d) Can be any one of the above
Answer» (a) Equal to AP

Discussion

1982.	You often observe that buses do not stop at the fixed stops and cause inconvenience. They do not wait for adequate time which can be troublesome for commuters. Write a letter in 100-120 words to the editor of a local daily mentioning the problem and action that should be taken. You are Ram/Rama, 112 Dev Nagar, Bhopal.
Answer» Suggested Value Points : Problems • Inconvenient • have to run to catch it • dangerous for commuters • fear of accident • unsafe • old people and children vulnerable Suggestions • educate drivers and conductors • create awareness • introduce penalty or punishment • educate public Detailed Answer : 112, Dev Nagar, Bhopal 02 April, 20XX The Editor Dainik Jagran Bhopal Subject : Inconvenience due to buses not stopping at the bus Stations Sir Through your esteemed dally newspaper, I would like to draw your kind attention towards the inconvenience caused by buses which do not stop at their stations. They stop before or after the fixed places so the people have to run to catch the buses and in this process, sometimes people fall on the roads. Really it is a very fearful and dangerous experience for the commuters and the most vulnerable section of society because there is always a fear of accident due to unsafe running after buses. Children, women and old people are quite in danger. So it is necessary for the authorities to take necessary steps to eradicate the causes of this inconvenience. The Government should employ only educate drivers and conductors so that they may understand the problem of the people. An awareness should be created among the people and public should be educated that if the drivers do not stop at the fixed places, they should lodge complaints against them. Such drivers should be punished and penalized it they do not follow the rules and regulations. Yours truly Rama

1982.

You often observe that buses do not stop at the fixed stops and cause inconvenience. They do not wait for adequate time which can be troublesome for commuters. Write a letter in 100-120 words to the editor of a local daily mentioning the problem and action that should be taken. You are Ram/Rama, 112 Dev Nagar, Bhopal.

Answer»

Suggested Value Points :

Problems

• Inconvenient

• have to run to catch it

• dangerous for commuters

• fear of accident

• unsafe

• old people and children vulnerable

Suggestions

• educate drivers and conductors

• create awareness

• introduce penalty or punishment

• educate public

Detailed Answer :

112, Dev Nagar,

Bhopal

02 April, 20XX

The Editor

Dainik Jagran

Bhopal

Subject : Inconvenience due to buses not stopping at the bus Stations

Sir

Through your esteemed dally newspaper, I would like to draw your kind attention towards the inconvenience caused by buses which do not stop at their stations. They stop before or after the fixed places so the people have to run to catch the buses and in this process, sometimes people fall on the roads. Really it is a very fearful and dangerous experience for the commuters and the most vulnerable section of society because there is always a fear of accident due to unsafe running after buses. Children, women and old people are quite in danger.

So it is necessary for the authorities to take necessary steps to eradicate the causes of this inconvenience. The Government should employ only educate drivers and conductors so that they may understand the problem of the people. An awareness should be created among the people and public should be educated that if the drivers do not stop at the fixed places, they should lodge complaints against them. Such drivers should be punished and penalized it they do not follow the rules and regulations.

Yours truly

Rama

Discussion

1983.	Many students from different parts of the country come to Delhi to study. Finding affordable accommodation is the main problem faced by them. Landlords charge exorbitant rents and in some cases refuse to rent rooms to them because of their different food habits and culture. The hostel facility provided by educational institutions is too inadequate to meet the demand. Write a letter in 100 - 120 words to the editor of a local daily drawing attention of the authorities and requesting them to take appropriate action. You are Raman / Raveena, 12, Station Road, Delhi.
Answer» Suggested Value Points : • Problems faced by the students coming from different parts of the country to Delhi. • Finding affordable accommodation • Exorbitant rents charged by land lords. • Refusal to rent rooms because of their different food habits and culture. ; • Hostel facilities provided by the educational institutions are ; inadequate to meet the demand. Suggestions-APPROPRIATE ACTION • Appropriate action by the authorities against the landlords. • Government should make it mandatory for the educational; institutions to meet the demand for stay and food; • Government can fix the rent slabs • Government can build hostels for students with food and medical facilities. Detailed Answer : 12 Station Road Delhi 1 April 20XX The Editor The Times of India New Delhi Sub : Problem of Affordable Accommodation Sir Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper I wish to draw the attention of people towards the problem of accommodation faced by students in Delhi. Everyone is aware of the fact that Delhi has many good educational institution. There is a rat race to join these institutions. Many students came to Delhi from different parts of the country to study. The main problem faced by them is to find an affordable accommodation. Since the hostel facilities provided by the educational institutions are not up to the mark and inadequate to meet the demand, students generally prefer to rent room. But their problem increases when the landlords charge exorbitant rents. Sometimes they are refused to take a room on rent because of their different food habits and culture. Moreover, the accommodation, provided is substandard and the landlords don’t follow the set guidelines of renting accommodation. All this is cutting a hole in the pocket of the parents as well. I request you to publish this letter so that the concerned authorities wake up from their slumber and put a rein on the mushrooming of rented accommodations. The educational institutions should also make it a point that they have sufficient accommodation for the enrolled candidates in their institutions. Thanking you in anticipation. Yours truly Raveena

1983.

Many students from different parts of the country come to Delhi to study. Finding affordable accommodation is the main problem faced by them. Landlords charge exorbitant rents and in some cases refuse to rent rooms to them because of their different food habits and culture. The hostel facility provided by educational institutions is too inadequate to meet the demand. Write a letter in 100 - 120 words to the editor of a local daily drawing attention of the authorities and requesting them to take appropriate action. You are Raman / Raveena, 12, Station Road, Delhi.

Answer»

Suggested Value Points :

• Problems faced by the students coming from different parts of the country to Delhi.

• Finding affordable accommodation

• Exorbitant rents charged by land lords.

• Refusal to rent rooms because of their different food habits and culture. ;

• Hostel facilities provided by the educational institutions are ; inadequate to meet the demand.

Suggestions-APPROPRIATE ACTION

• Appropriate action by the authorities against the landlords.

• Government should make it mandatory for the educational; institutions to meet the demand for stay and food;

• Government can fix the rent slabs

• Government can build hostels for students with food and medical facilities.

Detailed Answer :

12 Station Road

Delhi

1 April 20XX

The Editor

The Times of India

New Delhi

Sub : Problem of Affordable Accommodation

Sir

Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper I wish to draw the attention of people towards the problem of accommodation faced by students in Delhi.

Everyone is aware of the fact that Delhi has many good educational institution. There is a rat race to join these institutions. Many students came to Delhi from different parts of the country to study. The main problem faced by them is to find an affordable accommodation. Since the hostel facilities provided by the educational institutions are not up to the mark and inadequate to meet the demand, students generally prefer to rent room. But their problem increases when the landlords charge exorbitant rents. Sometimes they are refused to take a room on rent because of their different food habits and culture. Moreover, the accommodation, provided is substandard and the landlords don’t follow the set guidelines of renting accommodation. All this is cutting a hole in the pocket of the parents as well.

I request you to publish this letter so that the concerned authorities wake up from their slumber and put a rein on the mushrooming of rented accommodations. The educational institutions should also make it a point that they have sufficient accommodation for the enrolled candidates in their institutions. Thanking you in anticipation.

Yours truly

Raveena

Discussion

1984.	Many Schools do not have enough open space for playgrounds. This harms the health of the students. Write a letter in 100-120 words to the editor of a national daily mentioning the problems it can cause and the possible solutions. You are Rima/Ramesh, 12 Station Road, Ambala.
Answer» Suggested Value Points : Problems • Poor health • No physical activity • No outlet • Obesity • Frustration • Anger • Poor Performance Suggestions • Schools should make arrangement • Tie up with local community • Create awareness • Mobilize government effort Detailed Answer : 12, Station food, Ambala 02 March, 20XX The Editor Times of India New Delhi Subject : Lack of Play grounds in the Schools Sir Through your esteemed newspaper, I would like to draw your kind attention towards the insufficient facility of games and sports in many schools as they do not have enough space for playgrounds in their schools. It results in poor health of the students as they have no physical activities in the schools. The students do not get opportunity for Physical exercises and thus they become the victims of obesity which causes frustration among them. They become short tempered and their performance becomes poor. To overcome this problem, I would like so suggest that the schools should provide adequate facilities of games in the school premises and if any how they do not have such facilities, they should tie up with the local communities to provide facility. The students should also be made aware about their health and they should be mobilized towards the government efforts to improve their health standard. if such steps are initiated, no about our country will become a healthy country. Your truely Rima

1984.

Many Schools do not have enough open space for playgrounds. This harms the health of the students. Write a letter in 100-120 words to the editor of a national daily mentioning the problems it can cause and the possible solutions. You are Rima/Ramesh, 12 Station Road, Ambala.

Answer»

Suggested Value Points :

Problems

• Poor health

• No physical activity

• No outlet

• Obesity

• Frustration

• Anger

• Poor Performance

Suggestions

• Schools should make arrangement

• Tie up with local community

• Create awareness

• Mobilize government effort

Detailed Answer :

12, Station food,

Ambala

02 March, 20XX

The Editor

Times of India

New Delhi

Subject : Lack of Play grounds in the Schools

Sir

Through your esteemed newspaper, I would like to draw your kind attention towards the insufficient facility of games and sports in many schools as they do not have enough space for playgrounds in their schools. It results in poor health of the students as they have no physical activities in the schools. The students do not get opportunity for Physical exercises and thus they become the victims of obesity which causes frustration among them. They become short tempered and their performance becomes poor.

To overcome this problem, I would like so suggest that the schools should provide adequate facilities of games in the school premises and if any how they do not have such facilities, they should tie up with the local communities to provide facility. The students should also be made aware about their health and they should be mobilized towards the government efforts to improve their health standard. if such steps are initiated, no about our country will become a healthy country.

Your truely

Rima

Discussion

1985.	Identify the electromagnetic waves whose wavelengths vary as : (a) 10-12m < λ < 10-8m(b) 10-3 m < λ < 10-1 mWrite one use of each.
Answer» (a) 10^-12 < λ < 10^-8- X Rays Medical use to see bone fractures. (b) 10^-3 m < λ< 10^-1 m -Microwaves used to cook food in microwave ovens.

1985.

Identify the electromagnetic waves whose wavelengths vary as : (a) 10-12m < λ < 10-8m(b) 10-3 m < λ < 10-1 mWrite one use of each.

Answer»

(a) 10^-12 < λ < 10^-8- X Rays

Medical use to see bone fractures.

(b) 10^-3 m < λ< 10^-1 m -Microwaves

used to cook food in microwave ovens.

Discussion

1986.	League-Cum-Knock out is part of which tournament (a) Knock out (b) Round robin (c) Combination (d) Consolation
Answer» (c) Combination

Discussion

1987.	What does this mean ~~ The crown of the tree.
Answer» The tree crown is the top part of the tree, which features branches that grow out from the main trunk and support the various leaves used for photosynthesis. While all trees feature a crown, several types of crowns adorn different types of trees. Thus, tree crowns are adapted to fit the role they play in the wild.

Discussion

1988.	All papaya plants bear flowers but fruits are seen in some. Explain.
Answer» Papaya plants can occur in three sexual forms; male, female and hermaphrodites. A fruit is formed when a fertilization occurs in the ovary of the female flower. So, if a female or a male plant is growing alone, it will produce flowers but it will not produce fruits as both male and female plant is required for fruit formation. Hermaphrodite papaya plants will always bear fruits as their flowers contain both male and female parts.

Discussion

1989.	Name the method used for purification of titanium.
Answer» Van Arkel process

Discussion

1990.	Write the principle of method used for purification of zinc.
Answer» Liquation method is used for the purification of zinc. Its principle signifies that metal should have less melting point than the impurity.

Discussion

1991.	What is the significance of addition of NaCN in froth flotation process?
Answer» NaCN acts as a depressant in froth flotation process and hence prevents the formation of undesirable froth.

Discussion

1992.	The two complexes of nickel, [Ni(CN)4]2- and [Ni(CO)4], have different structures but possess same magnetic behaviour. Explain.
Answer» [Ni(CN)₄]^2- dsp² hybridisation, Ni in +2 state all electrons are paired, so diamagnetic. [Ni(CO)₄] sp³ hybridisation, Ni in 0 state all electrons are paired so diamagnetic

1992.

The two complexes of nickel, [Ni(CN)4]2- and [Ni(CO)4], have different structures but possess same magnetic behaviour. Explain.

Answer»

[Ni(CN)₄]^2-

dsp² hybridisation, Ni in +2 state

all electrons are paired, so diamagnetic.

[Ni(CO)₄]

sp³ hybridisation, Ni in 0 state

all electrons are paired so diamagnetic

Discussion

1993.	A chloride of fourth group cation in qualitative analysis gives a green coloured complex [A] in aqueous solution which when treated with ethane –1, 2 – diamine (en) gives pale - yellow solution [B] which on subsequent addition of ethane –1, 2 – diamine turns to blue/purple [C] and finally to violet [D]. Write the structures of complexes [A], [B], [C] and [D].
Answer» A=[Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺ B=[Ni(H₂O)₄(en)]²⁺ C=[Ni(H₂O)₂(en)₂]²⁺ D=[Ni(en)₃]²⁺

1993.

A chloride of fourth group cation in qualitative analysis gives a green coloured complex [A] in aqueous solution which when treated with ethane –1, 2 – diamine (en) gives pale - yellow solution [B] which on subsequent addition of ethane –1, 2 – diamine turns to blue/purple [C] and finally to violet [D]. Write the structures of complexes [A], [B], [C] and [D].

Answer»

A=[Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺

B=[Ni(H₂O)₄(en)]²⁺

C=[Ni(H₂O)₂(en)₂]²⁺

D=[Ni(en)₃]²⁺

Discussion

1994.	Differentiate between National Income at Current Prices and National Income at Constant Prices. Which of the two presents a better view of the economic growth of economy and why?
Answer» National Income at Constant Prices: When national product is estimated on the basis of prices prevailing in the base year, it is called national income at constant prices or real national income. National Income at Current Prices: When national product is estimated on the basis of prices prevailing in the current year, it is called national income at current prices or nominal national income. National income at constant prices = (National income at current prices)/(Price index of current year) x Price index of base year National income at constant prices reflects the real growth of an economy because it increases only when there is an increase in real national output over a period of time. National income at current prices may increase due to increase in prices of goods and services during the current year, thus it does not reflect the true picture of economic growth.

1994.

Differentiate between National Income at Current Prices and National Income at Constant Prices. Which of the two presents a better view of the economic growth of economy and why?

Answer»

National Income at Constant Prices: When national product is estimated on the basis of prices prevailing in the base year, it is called national income at constant prices or real national income.

National Income at Current Prices: When national product is estimated on the basis of prices prevailing in the current year, it is called national income at current prices or nominal national income.

National income at constant prices = (National income at current prices)/(Price index of current year) x Price index of base year

National income at constant prices reflects the real growth of an economy because it increases only when there is an increase in real national output over a period of time. National income at current prices may increase due to increase in prices of goods and services during the current year, thus it does not reflect the true picture of economic growth.

Discussion

1995.	(a) State any two precautions that must be taken into consideration while estimating national income by value added method. (b) In an economy, following transactions took place. Calculate value of output and value added by Firm B: i. Firm A sold to firm B goods of Rs. 80 crore; to firm C Rs. 50 crore; to household Rs. 30 crore and goods of value Rs.10 crore remains unsold ii. Firm B sold to firm C goods of Rs.70 crore; to firm D Rs.40 crore; goods of value Rs. 30 crore were exported and goods of value Rs. 5 crore was sold to government.
Answer» (a) Precautions of value added method are: (i) Value of sale and purchase of second hand goods is not considered while estimating value added as the value of second hand goods is already accounted during the year they were produced. (ii) Value of intermediate goods is not included in the estimation of value added because value of intermediate goods is reflected in the value of final goods. (b) Value of output of firm B = Sales of firm B to firm C + Sales of firm B to firm D + Exports + Sales of firm B to Government = 70 + 40 + 30 + 5 = Rs.145 crores Value Added by Firm B = Value of output by Firm B – Purchases by Firm B from firm A = 145 - 80 = Rs. 65 crore.

1995.

(a) State any two precautions that must be taken into consideration while estimating national income by value added method. (b) In an economy, following transactions took place. Calculate value of output and value added by Firm B: i. Firm A sold to firm B goods of Rs. 80 crore; to firm C Rs. 50 crore; to household Rs. 30 crore and goods of value Rs.10 crore remains unsold ii. Firm B sold to firm C goods of Rs.70 crore; to firm D Rs.40 crore; goods of value Rs. 30 crore were exported and goods of value Rs. 5 crore was sold to government.

Answer»

(a) Precautions of value added method are:

(i) Value of sale and purchase of second hand goods is not considered while estimating value added as the value of second hand goods is already accounted during the year they were produced.

(ii) Value of intermediate goods is not included in the estimation of value added because value of intermediate goods is reflected in the value of final goods.

(b) Value of output of firm B = Sales of firm B to firm C + Sales of firm B to firm D + Exports + Sales of firm B to Government

= 70 + 40 + 30 + 5

= Rs.145 crores

Value Added by Firm B = Value of output by Firm B – Purchases by Firm B from firm A

= 145 - 80

= Rs. 65 crore.

Discussion

1996.	What precautions must be taken while estimating national income by expenditure method ?
Answer» Following precautions must be taken while estimating national income by expenditure method : 1. Self-produced final products – We should include the self use of own produced final products. For example, imputed rent of self occupied house should be included in the national income. 2. Second-hand goods – Expenditure on second-hand goods should not be included in the national income because it does not represent any addition to the flow constituting national income. 3. Financial assets – We should not include expenditure on financial assets such as shares, debentures etc., because expenditure on financial assets does not generate national income. 4. Intermediate goods – We should not include expenditure on intermediate goods and services because national income includes only finished goods (final goods) ready for consumption and investment. 5. Transfer payments – We should not include government expenditure on transfer payments such as unemployment benefits, old age pensions, scholarships etc., as no productive service is rendered by the recipients in exchange.

1996.

What precautions must be taken while estimating national income by expenditure method ?

Answer»

Following precautions must be taken while estimating national income by expenditure method :

1. Self-produced final products – We should include the self use of own produced final products. For example, imputed rent of self occupied house should be included in the national income.

2. Second-hand goods – Expenditure on second-hand goods should not be included in the national income because it does not represent any addition to the flow constituting national income.

3. Financial assets – We should not include expenditure on financial assets such as shares, debentures etc., because expenditure on financial assets does not generate national income.

4. Intermediate goods – We should not include expenditure on intermediate goods and services because national income includes only finished goods (final goods) ready for consumption and investment.

5. Transfer payments – We should not include government expenditure on transfer payments such as unemployment benefits, old age pensions, scholarships etc., as no productive service is rendered by the recipients in exchange.

Discussion

1997.	Giving reasons, state whether the statements are true or false: To correct the deflationary gap, availability of credit should be increased.
Answer» True. Availability of credit should be increased to raise the level of aggregate demand.

Discussion

1998.	What are impacts or effects of excess demand on price, output, employment?
Answer» 1. Effect on General Price Level: Excess demand gives a rise to general price level because it arises when aggregate demand is more than aggregate supply at a full employment level. There is inflation in economy showing inflationary gap. 2. Effect on Output: Excess demand has no effect on the level of output. Economy is at full employment level and there is no idle capacity in the economy. Hence output can’t increase. 3. Effect on Employment: There will be no change in the level of employment also. The economy is already operating at full employment equilibrium, and hence there is no unemployment.

1998.

What are impacts or effects of excess demand on price, output, employment?

Answer»

1. Effect on General Price Level: Excess demand gives a rise to general price level because it arises when aggregate demand is more than aggregate supply at a full employment level. There is inflation in economy showing inflationary gap.

2. Effect on Output: Excess demand has no effect on the level of output. Economy is at full employment level and there is no idle capacity in the economy. Hence output can’t increase.

3. Effect on Employment: There will be no change in the level of employment also. The economy is already operating at full employment equilibrium, and hence there is no unemployment.

Discussion

1999.	Two dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of getting(i) sum at least ten(ii) a doublet(iii) six as a product
Answer» Total number of possible outcomes = 36 (i) Outcomes favourable to given event are: (4, 6), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6) Number of favourable outcomes = 6 P (Sum atleast ten) = 6/36=1/6 (ii) Outcomes favourable to given event are: (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6) Number of favourable outcomes = 6 P(a doubtlet) =6/36=1/6 (iii) Outcomes favourable to given event are: (1, 6), (2, 3), (3, 2), (6, 1) Number of favourable outcomes = 4 P (six as a product) =4/36=1/9

Discussion

2000.

Layout enhances the usual appearance of design. Describe the different type of layout.

Answer»

Types of Layout: A layout is the play in placement of given text and suitable images on a given surface area.

Layouts can be classified in three categories:

• Text Dominant

• Image Dominant

• Image and Text

Text Dominant: If there is too much or large text then it will have to be text dominated. But from the layout point of view the headline could be used in large display fonts occupying more area if that creates the desired effect.

Image Dominant: These layouts are seen regularly in our newspapers and magazines, where a picture of a celebrity takes centre stage or the product is shown in all its glory like in most automobile advertisements.

Image and Text: In these types of layouts, image and text are used in equal measure, and given a balanced exposure.

Discussion

Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

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Define fixed cost.

When the total fixed cost of producing 100 units is Rs. 30 and the average variable cost Rs.3, total cost is : (Choose the correct alternative) (a) Rs. 3 (b) Rs. 30 (c) Rs. 270 (a) Rs. 330

When the total fixed cost of producing 100 units is Rs.30 and the average variable cost Rs.3, total cost is : (Choose the correct alternative)(a) Rs.3 (b) Rs.30 (c) Rs.270 (c) Rs.330

When the Average Product (AP) is maximum the Marginal Product (MP) is (Choose the correct alternative) : (a) Equal to AP. (b) Less than AP. (c) More than AP. (d) Can be any one of the above.

When the Average Product (AP) is maximum, the Marginal Product (MP) is : (Choose the correct alternative)(a) Equal to AP(b) Less than AP(c) More than AP(d) Can be any one of the above

When the Average Product (AP) is maxinrum, the Marginal Product (MP) is : (Choose the correct alternative)(a) Equal to AP (b) Less than AP (c) More than AP (d) Can be any one of the above

Many Schools do not have enough open space for playgrounds. This harms the health of the students. Write a letter in 100-120 words to the editor of a national daily mentioning the problems it can cause and the possible solutions. You are Rima/Ramesh, 12 Station Road, Ambala.

Identify the electromagnetic waves whose wavelengths vary as : (a) 10-12m &lt; λ &lt; 10-8m(b) 10-3 m &lt; λ &lt; 10-1 mWrite one use of each.

League-Cum-Knock out is part of which tournament (a) Knock out (b) Round robin (c) Combination (d) Consolation

What does this mean ~~ The crown of the tree.

All papaya plants bear flowers but fruits are seen in some. Explain.

Name the method used for purification of titanium.

Write the principle of method used for purification of zinc.

What is the significance of addition of NaCN in froth flotation process?

The two complexes of nickel, [Ni(CN)4]2- and [Ni(CO)4], have different structures but possess same magnetic behaviour. Explain.

Differentiate between National Income at Current Prices and National Income at Constant Prices. Which of the two presents a better view of the economic growth of economy and why?

What precautions must be taken while estimating national income by expenditure method ?

Giving reasons, state whether the statements are true or false: To correct the deflationary gap, availability of credit should be increased.

What are impacts or effects of excess demand on price, output, employment?

Two dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of getting(i) sum at least ten(ii) a doublet(iii) six as a product

Layout enhances the usual appearance of design. Describe the different type of layout.

Let * be a ‘binary’ operation on N given by ab = LCM (a, b) for all a, b∈N. Find 5 7.

Identify the electromagnetic waves whose wavelengths vary as : (a) 10-12m < λ < 10-8m(b) 10-3 m < λ < 10-1 mWrite one use of each.