Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

Correct answer False

d) Short term investment

(i) Maintenance of records of business transactions.

(ii) Analysis and Interpretation of data.

The account to be debited is Machine.

(a) Going concern

To pay debt of eighteen thousands francs, Loisels let go  of their decent living. They lived in impoverished (poor) neighbourhood. Matilda had to cook, clean, wash, mend, bring water and bargain with the butcher and grocer. Her husband worked day and night to save every sou.

In accounting all business transaction are recorded as having Dual aspect

b) Double entry system

In cell biology, the cytoplasm is a highly viscous (gel-like) substance enclosed within the cell membrane. It is composed of water (about 85 percent), proteins (10 to 15 percent), lipids (2 to 4 percent), nucleic acids, inorganic salts and polysaccharides in smaller amounts.

The cell wall is an integral component of the plant cell and it performs many essential functions. Following are some of the major cell wall functions observed:

• The plant cell wall provides definite shape, strength, rigidity

• It also provides protection against mechanical stress and physical shocks

• It helps to control cell expansion due to the intake of water

• Also helps in preventing water loss from the cell

• It is responsible for transporting substances between and across the cell

• It acts as a barrier between the interior cellular components and the external environment

The plasma membrane is a biological membrane that is a barrier between the outer and inner surface of a cell. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

The primary function of the plasma membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and regulates the movement of substances in and out of cells.

Plasma membrane serves as a base of attachment for the cytoskeleton in some organisms and cell walls in other organisms.

The important nucleus function are:

• It contains the cell’s hereditary information and controls the cell’s growth and reproduction.
• The nucleus has been clearly explained as a membrane-bound structure that comprises the genetic material of a cell.
• It is not just a storage compartment for DNA, but also happens to be the home of some important cellular processes.
• First and foremost, it is possible to duplicate one’s DNA in the nucleus. This process has been named DNA Replication and produces an identical copy of the DNA.
• Producing two identical copies of the body or host is the first step in cell division, where every new cell will get its own set of instructions.
• Secondly, the nucleus is the site of transcription. Transcription creates different types of RNA from DNA. Transcription would be a lot like creating copies of individual pages of the human body’s instructions which may be moved out and read by the rest of the cell.
• The central rule of biology states that DNA is copied into RNA, and then proteins.

Organelles are small, specialized structures in cells which operate like organs by carrying out specific tasks.

The term “vacuole” means “empty space”.  They help in the storage and disposal of various substances. They can store food or other nutrients required by a cell to survive. They also store waste products and prevent the entire cell from contamination.

The important functions of vacuole include:

(1) Storage

(2) Turgor Pressure

(3) Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Plastids are double-membrane organelle which are found in the cells of plants and algae. Plastids are responsible for manufacturing and storing of food. These often contain pigments that are used in photosynthesis and different types of pigments that can change the colour of the cell.

There are different types of plastids with their specialized functions. Among which few are mainly classified based on the presence or absence of the Biological pigments and their stages of development.

• Chloroplasts
• Chromoplasts
• Gerontoplasts
• Leucoplasts

The nucleus is called the "brain" of the cell because it holds the information needed to conduct most of the cell's functions. Other molecules make proteins from that information on a regular basis - each moment of our lives.

Proteins, specifically enzymes, carry out almost all of the activities of the cell - like making ATP energy from glucose in the mitochondria, moving substances across the cell membrane, and countless other jobs needed to keep a cell running properly.

These proteins are built by the cell using the information in DNA, which is held in the nucleus. So, say your intestine's cells need to break down the food you just ate - the DNA in the nucleus will be accessed to get the information needed to make the enzymes that will break down that food. In this way, the nucleus, much like a library, is constantly being accessed to use this information.

Reproduction is important in organisms because:

• Reproduction maintains a balance between the birth rate and death rate.
• The new individuals replace the old and the dying population.

• It also helps in increasing the number of species in the ecosystem.

• The genes are transmitted from the parents to the offspring.
• This leads to the evolution of species.
• Variations in species and their ability to survive in different environments is the result of reproduction.

(i) Productivity - conversion of inorganic into organic material with the help of solar energy by the autotrophs 

(ii) Energy flow - unidirectional movement of energy towards higher trophic level (and its dissipation and loss as heat to the environment) 

(iii) Decomposition - fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification, mineralization by bacteria, fungi and flagellates (abundant at the bottom of lake) 

(iv) Nutrient cycling - decomposition of dead matter to release the nutrients back to be re-used by the autotrophs

Food chain in aquatic ecosystem (lake)

Phytoplanktons → Zooplanktons → Small fish → Big fish

Boiling 

Boiling water is the cheapest and safest method of water purification. Water sources and or channels of distribution may render your water unsafe. For example, parasites and germs are things you may not see by bare eyes, but their effects can be life threatening.  

In this method, clean water should be brought to boil and left at rolling-boil for 1-3 minutes. For people living in high altitude areas, it is recommended to boil your water for longer than water boiled at lower altitudes. This is because water boils at lower temperatures in higher altitudes. Boiled water should be covered and left to cool before drinking. For water drawn from wells, leave it for compounds to settle before you filter out clean water for use.

Filtration 

Filtration is one of the effective ways of purifying water and when using the right multimedia filters it’s effective in ridding water of the compounds. This method uses chemical and physical processes to purify water and make it safe for human consumption. Filtration eliminates both large compounds and small, dangerous contaminants that cause diseases with a simple and quick filtration process.. Since filtration does not deplete all the mineral salts, water that has been filtered is considered healthier compared to water purified using other methods. It’s one of the effective water purification methods that utilize chemical absorption process that effectively removes unwanted compounds from water.  

Compared to reverse osmosis, filtration is considered effective when it comes to selective elimination of much smaller molecular compounds such as chlorine and pesticides. The other factor that makes filtration less costly is that it does not require a lot of energy needed in distillation and reverse osmosis. It is an economic method of water purification because little water is lost during purification.

(i) The resultant intensity, at any point on the screen, is given by

I = 4I₀cos²φ/2

For constructive interference 

φ = 0, 2π, 4π and so on 

For destructive interference 

φ = π, 3π, 5π and so on 

⇒ I = 0 for minimum intensity, 

and I = 4I₀ for maximum intensity 

Thus, intensity varies between zero and four times the intensity, due to each slit, in Young's double slit experiment. 

(ii) The interference pattern due to different colours of white light overlap incoherently. The central bright fringes for different colours are at the same position. Therefore the central fringe is white and the fringes closest, on either side of central white fringe, are red and the farthest will appear blue. After a few fringes no clear fringe pattern is seen.

(iii) A polaroid consists of a long chain of molecules aligned in a particular direction. The electric vector (associated with the propagating light wave) along the direction of the aligned molecules get absorbed. Thus, if the light, from an ordinary source, passes through a polaroid, it is observed that its transmitted intensity gets reduced by half.

The water droplets act like small prisms. They refract and disperse the incident sunlight, then reflect it internally and finally refract it again when it comes out of rain drop. Due to dispersion and internal reflection of light, different colours reach the observer’s eye along different pairs. 

Therefore the three phenomena involved are refraction, dispersion, internal reflection of light. Red.

(i) Li and Na have similar physical and chemical properties as that of K because they have same valence shell electrons.
(ii) C has smallest atomic size because atomic size decreases along a period as increase in nuclear charge tends to pull electrons closer to nucleus.
(iii) O is more electronegative than S because oxygen atom being smaller in size than sulphur, can hold the electrons more tightly than sulphur.

Given: f = 15

u = -10

From mirror formula, \(\frac{1}{u} + \frac{1}{v} = \frac{1}{f}\)

= \(\frac{1}{-10} + \frac{1}{v} = \frac{1}{15}\)

v = 6 cm

Image is formed 6 cm to the right of the mirror. Image formed is virtual and erect.

Adrenaline is a hormone that acts on specific organs. It helps in increasing heart rate, decreasing blood supply to abdominal muscles, increasing blood supply to skeletal muscles, increasing breathing rate.Adrenal gland produces adrenaline

(i) The rainbow is formed only if the atmosphere contain large number of tiny droplets of water suspended in the air. As moon has neither atmosphere nor water therefore no rainbow is formed.
 

(ii) The ability of the eye to focus the distant objects as well as the nearby objects on the retina by changing the focal length or converging power of lens is called accommodation.
Ciliary muscles can modify or change the curvature of the eye lens change the focal length of the eye lens.

The Correct option is (C) C₂H₄

(B) Reduction

4 chambers are present in human heart .

(C) Thermocol 

Base substance changes colour of Red litmus into blue.

(A) Single bond

Stars are very distant and approximately point-sized sources. Path of star light changes continuously due to gradual changing of refractive index of the layers of earth's atmosphere. Thus, the apparent position of the stars fluctuates and the amount of star light entering the eye flickers giving the twinkling effect.

The Correct option (C) C₂H₄

(A) Increases

(A) Fish farming in Ganga

The pH value of pure water is 7.

(C) Size of body

(B) Grass, goat and human

(i) It is due to the ability of oxygen to form multiple bonds with metals.
(ii) This is because the energy required for the promotion of electrons in xenon is very high

(i) Peptide linkage is an amide (—CONH₂) linkage formed between —COOH group of one α -amino acid and —NH₂ group of other a-amino acid by the loss of a water molecule in a peptide.
(ii) A number of reactions that occur in the bodies of animals and plants to maintain the life process are catalysed by enzymes. The enzymes are thus termed as biocatalysts. Almost all the enzymes are globular proteins. An enzyme catalyses a biochemical reaction by providing alternate lower activation path thereby increasing the rate of the biochemical reaction. For example, activation energy for acid hydrolysis of sucrose is 6.22 kJ mol^–1 while the activation energy is only 2.15 kJ mol^–1 when hydrolyzed in the presence of enzyme sucrose.

(C) A neutron is represented as ¹₀n

The correct option is (D) Hydrochloric acid

Since, the aqueous solution turns red litmus solution blue. So, it is a basic compound. An acid solution (HCI) would reverse the change. That is HCI would turn blue litmus solution to red. Other options baking powder, lime and ammonium hydroxide solution are basic compounds. So, the blue litmus solution would not change the colour by adding these compounds.

Hydrogen sulfide ( H₂S) reacts with Sulphur Dioxide ( SO₂) to form Water(H₂O) and solid Sulphur (S).  

H₂S + SO₂ —> H₂O + S(solid)

(1) Formic Acid vs Acetic Acid 

Both formic acid and acetic acid are organic molecules that can be categorized as carboxylic acids due to the presence of a carboxyl group. Therefore, both compounds are acidic compounds. However, in aqueous solutions, these are weak acids that are partially dissociated into their conjugated base form by releasing a proton. The main difference between formic acid and acetic acid is that formic acid is composed of a carboxyl group attached to a hydrogen atom whereas acetic acid is composed of a methyl group attached to a carboxyl group.

(2) Phenol vs Benzoic Acid 

Phenol and benzoic acid are organic compounds. Both are aromatic compounds. An aromatic compound is a substance that is composed of a planar ring system with delocalized pi electron clouds. Phenol is the simplest aromatic alcohol. It is considered as a toxic compound. Benzoic acid is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. It is not considered as a toxic compound. Both these compounds are composed of a substituted benzene ring. The main difference between phenol and benzoic acid is that phenol is an alcohol whereas benzoic acid is a carboxylic acid.

The valency of an element first increases and then decreases across a period.

The property of self-linking of atoms of an element through covalent bonds in order to form straight chain, branched chains or cyclic chains of different sizes is called catenation.

(i) It is used for making combs, fountain pen barrels, phonograph records. It is used widely in making electrical goods such as switches, plugs, handles of various utensils.
(ii) It is used in making bristles for brushes, ropes. It is used for making carpets and fabrics in textile industry.
(iii) It is used in the manufacture of rain coats, hand bags, water pipes, vinyl flooring. It is used for insulating electric wires.