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Catalyst : A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.

In simple words we can say that catalyst speeds up the reaction.

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Acatalystis a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but is not consumed by the reaction; hence acatalystcan be recovered chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction it has been used to speed up, or catalyze. ...Catalystslower the energy barrier.

A catalyst is an agent or compound that is added to a process to make a chemical reaction happen more quickly. The catalyst can increase the reaction rate of the steam and can participate in the secondary reactions. The packing can also act as a catalyst to enhance desired chemical transformations.

Catalysis is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (/ˈkætəlɪst/), which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly. Because of this, only very small amounts of catalyst are required to alter the reaction rate in principle.

Catalysisis the process of increasing therate achemical reactionby adding a substance known as acatalyst which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly. Because of this, only very small amounts of catalyst are required to alter the reaction rate in principle.

Characteristics of Catalysts are as follows:

1. The catalyst remains unchanged (in mass and chemical composition ) in the reaction (Activity of catalyst.)

2. A small quantity of the catalyst is required. e.g. One mole of colloid Pt catalyses 10^8L H_2O_2

3. The catalyst does not change the equilibrium constant. But the equilibrium approaches earlier.

4. Specificity of Catalyst:

The catalyst is specific in nature. It means by the change of catalyst, nature of the products changes or specific catalyst for a specific reaction.

5. The catalyst can not make impossible reaction to occur and does not intiate a reaction.

Catalyst Poison: There are certain substances which decrease or destroy the activity of the catalyst. Such substances are known as catalytic poisons. E.g. arsenic destroys the catalytic activity of the platinum catalyst in the manufacture of sulphuric acid.

Catalyst Promoter: There are certain substances which increase the activity of the catalyst. Such substances are known as catalyst promoters e.g. Mo acts as a promoter in the manufacture of ammonia by I-laber’s process.

6. The catalyst exhibits maximum activity at a particular temperature which is known as optimum temperature.

molecular mass = 30 mass of carbon =40% of 30 = 0.4×30 = 12 no. of c = 12/12 = 1 atom

mass of H = 6.67% of 30 = 2 , no. of H = 2/1 = 2

so, Formula is CH2O

The relationships between molar mass and density for a monoatomic gas can be easily studied because gases are compressible so you can calculate or easily compress a gas and change its density at constant temperature. By changing the pressue of the gas you can use Boyle's Law to calculate the change in volume. Solids and liquids are much less compressible and you aren't able to use the Ideal Gas Law equation to solve for molar mass.

The Ideal Gas Law, PV=nRT can be arrange so that n(moles) equals the mass/molar mass of the gas to become

PV= mRT/M where m is the mass and M is the molar mass you can then solve for M using algebra to get

M= mRT/PV, if you hold the temperature of a gas constant the equation reduces to boyles law or

M= m/PV

The mass will be constant assuming you have a closed container where you do not allow any gas to escape and if the conditions are close to ideal the PV will be a constant. You can form a direct relationship between the mass and PV.

If you compare two gases such as He and Ne. Ne has a much larger molar mass (5x as much) as He. Therefore if you start with the same mass of each gas the PV value for each will be different. This just means that one is more compressible than the other.

You can also compare Density since D= m/V and M=mRT/PV

M= DRT/P

The higher the density of the gas the higher the molar mass, and vice versa.

Any ideal gas at STP has the same molar volume, which is22.4 liters.

Metal elements form positively charged ions called cations because they are located on the left side of the periodic table. Groups 1 and 2 are called the alkali metals and alkaline Earth metals, respectively. These elements all have valence electrons in an s orbital. These electrons are relatively easy for the atom to lose to achieve a stable octet of electrons in its outermost energy shell. Metals have a low ionization enthalpy which allows them to easily lose electrons. When the atoms lose electrons they become cations.

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An electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons, as a cation (positive ion), which is created by electron loss and is attracted to the cathode in electrolysis,An anion (negative ion), is created by an electron gain and is attracted to the anode.

an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons, as a cation (positive ion), which is created by electron loss and is attracted to the cathode in electrolysis, or as an anion (negative ion), which is created by an electron gain and is attracted to the anode.

The correct answer is option (4) - 32 P1

Solution:

Let’s assume the initial pressure to be P, final pressure to be P2 and initial volume to be V.

It is given that for a monoatomic gas γ = 5/3

For adiabatic process PV^γ = constant

PV^5/3=P (V/8)^5/3

P2 =P(8)^5/3

P2 = P ×2⁵

Therefore, P2 = 32P

the 2 moles of co2 will be formed, 2moles*44g/mole=88g of co2

In the given question, volume=1L, so initial concentration of A=3mol/1L=3MSimilarly for B=1MNow,A(g) + B(g)= 2C(g)3mol/L.....1mol/L..0.......(initially)3-x..........1-x …......2x...at equilibriumBut given that, mole of C=0.5 at equilibrium, Hence its equilibrium concentration=0.5/1L=0.5M=2x(from our equation)So x=0.25Mwriting for the equilibrium constantK=[C]2/[A]*[B]=(2x)2/(3-x)*(1-x)Put here the value of x and calculate KK=0.12

Note: we should always put the concentratin with their unit

Ans :- On moving down a group, thetendency to gain electrons(electronegativity) decreases as the atomic radius increases due to theincreasein number of shells. This increases the distance between the nucleus and outermost shell. Hence it is easy tolose electronsinstead ofgaining electrons.

1)Thetendency to lose electronsincreases when we move from top to bottom in agroup. This is because the atomic size of the atoms increases doesn't thegroupand the valence shell electronsincreases due to which the nuclear power which theelectron closer to the nucleus decreases.

The tendency to lose electrons increases when we move from top to bottom in a group. This is because the atomic size of the atoms increases doesn't the group and the valence shell electrons increases due to which the nuclear power which the electron closer to the nucleus decreases. On the other hand, when we move from left to right in a period the tendency of the atom to lose electron decreases be use the atomic size decreases along the period and the valence shell electrons also decreases due to which nucleus exert stronger force on the valence shell electrons.

(c) Loss of electronsElectrons are negatively charged and when it is lost, atom becomes more positive.

2)Li is the right one

2) lithium (He) 2s¹ is write answer

2 is the right answer

Li is the correct answer

lithium is correct answer

lithium is correct answer 💯 percent

lithium (li) is the correct answer

Lithium is the right answer

2 is the right answers

Li is the right Answer

lithium is the right answer

Li is correct answer

Li is the right answer because it's configuration is ( He)2s*¹

The solenoid is a long cylindrical coil of wire consisting of a large no. of turns bound together very tightly.Note: The length of the coil should be longer than its diameter. (Or)Solenoid is a coil of a number of turns of insulated copper wire closely wrapped in shape of a cylinder. Magnetic field around a current carrying solenoid is as shown in the figure.

Theses appear to be similar to that of a bar magnet. One end of theSolenoid behaves like North Pole and the other end behaves like the South Pole. Magnetic field lines inside the solenoid are in the form of parallel straight lines.This means that the field is same at all the points inside the solenoid. When soft iron rod is placed inside the solenoid, it behaves like an electro magnet. The use of soft iron as core in the solenoid produces the strongest magnetism.

(A)-(R)(B)-(S)(C)-(Q)(D)-(P)

1. Law of dominance:

When Mendel crossed a true-breeding red flowered plant with a true breeding white flowered one, the progeny was found to be red coloured.

2. Law of segregation:

Mendel demonstrated that a hybrid between two different varieties possesses both types of parental factors, which subsequently separate or segregate in the gametes. This is known as law of segregation. In contrast to the uniformity of the first generation hybrids, the second generation produced by self-fertilization of the F1red flowered plants which consist of two different kinds of plants—red ones like the red grandparent and white ones like the white grandparent.

3. Law of independent assortment:

‘When two pairs of independent alleles enter into combination in the F2, they exhibit independent dominant effects. In the formation of gametes the law of segregation operates but the factors assort themselves independently at random and freely.

Newton'sfirstlaw states that every object will remain at rest or in uniformmotionin a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force.

Examples of material having lustre or shine are metals such as gold ,silver, copper, aluminium and iron,metalalloys such as steel ,stainlesssteel ,brass and diamond. Those materials which have dull appearance are said to have no lustre

1.. Pteridophytes are the first true land plants.

2. They are seedless, vascular cryptogams.

. Life cycle is heterologous diplohaplontic type.

4. Sporophyte is the dominant plant body while gametophyte is a small, simple prothallus.

5. Sporophyte has true roots, stem and leaves.

6. In xylem, trachea (vessels) absent and, in phloem companion cells absent.

7. Spores develop in sporangia are homosporous or heterosporous.

8. Sporangia are produced in groups (sori) on sporophylls.

9. Young leaves of sporophyte show circinate vernation.

10. Gametophyte develops small sessile antheridia and partially embedded archegonia with 4- rowed neck.

11. Sex organs multi-cellular and jacketed.

2.They do not have an outer covering or shell around their seeds.

They do not produce flowers.

They do not produce fruits.

They are pollinated by the wind.

3.Their ability toflower setsthem apart from non-floweringplants, also known as gymnosperms, allowing them a successful means of reproduction. If you look closely into the flowers, you can see thetrademark characteristicsof angiosperms, including stamens, carpels, and tinypollen grains.

Ans :- According to thislaw, “Therelative lowering of vapour pressureis equal to the ratio of the moles of the solute and the total number of moles in the solution”, i.e., the mole fraction of the solute present in solution. It is important to note that Raoult's lawis obeyed only by ideal solutions.

Vapor pressure lowering is a colligative property of solutions. The vapor pressure of a pure solvent is greater than the vapor pressure of a solution containing a non volatile liquid. This lowered vapor pressure leads to boiling point elevation.

DCCC cf ft via GT get get ftt

This hydrocarbon has both double(ene) and triple(yne) bond hence this hydrocarbon is eneyne. Hence while naming ene is to be placed before yne.

Now start numbering the carbon atoms from right to left because triple bond is at terminal position hence first preference goes to it. Now it has 5carbon atoms hence Pent

So clubbing it all we get

Pent-3-ene-1-yne

Microsoft Wordor MS-Word is anApplication software developed by thecompany Microsoft. It allows users toType andSave documents.

application software

W1/W2=E2/E2 is wrte answer

(1) is the correct answer

option 1 is the correct answer

(4) all the above .. is the correct answer

the answer could be option a

1) is correct answer

1) is the right answer of the following

option a is correct answer

option (d) is correct.

Orbitalstateenergy level: atom/ion with nucleus + one electron. Assume there is one electron in a given atomicorbitalin a hydrogen-like atom (ion).

ORBITS ARE THOSE CIRCULAR PATHS ON WHICH ELECTRON KEEP MOVING.ORBITS HAVE FIXED ENERGY IN IT SO THAT THE ELECTRON WHICH ARE ACCELERATED (AS THEY MOVE ON CIRCULAR PATH) ALSO DON'T LOSE THERE ENERGY. ORBITS WHICH ARE CLOSER TO NUCLEUS HAVE LESS ENERGY,ORBITS WHICH ARE FARTHER FROM NUCLEUS HAVE MORE ENERGY.ORBITS ARE ALSO CALLED ENERGY LEVELS,ENERGY SHELLS

Using the formula

Kp = Kc(RT)^(∆n)

here ∆n = 1 , Kp = 167 , R = 0.083 and T = (800+273)k,

so , 167 = Kc(0.083*1037)¹ => 167 = Kc *(89.06) => Kc = 167/89.06 = 1.875

option B

Since you are given the concentrations at equilibrium for the three molecules you just need to plug those values into the equilibrium expression. First though, you need to write out the balanced chemical equation N2 + O2 --> 2NO The equilibrium expression for this equation would be Kc = [NO]2/[N2][O2] *don't forget the superscript on the [NO] due to the coefficient of the balanced equation (it's easy to mess that up!) After you have the equilibrium expression you can then plug the concentrations at equilibrium into the equation Kc = [.0030]2/[.0035][.0063] Solving this should get you the answer

above answer is the correct answer

option (D)Thermal Equillibrium

Molecular mass of ammonia= 14+3=17

In 1 molecule (nh3) there are 1+3=4 atoms

1 mole (17 g) has Avogadro number of molecules

17 g= 1 mole

4.25g=4.25/17=0.25 moles

1 mole = 4×6.022×10^23 atoms

0.25 or 1/4 mole =6.022×10^23 atoms.

Bohr's orbits are called as stationary states because as we know that if an object moves in circular path it will lose energy but, according to bohr electrons which is moving in the circular path does not lose energy.if electrons lose energy they will fall into nucleus and get burnt.

The distribution of electrons in different shells of an atom is termed as its Electronic Configuration. Every nth shell (orbit) can accommodate a maximum of 2n² electrons.Thus, the maximum number of electrons that first shell can have is 2, second can have is 8 and so on.

Also, the shells or orbits are filled in order 1,2,3,.......

An outermost orbit cannot have more than 8 electrons in it.

Rutherford postulated the existence of some neutral particle having mass similar to proton but there was no direct experimental evidence. Several theories and experimental observations eventually led the discovery of neutron.

Molality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. Molality of solution does not change with the temperature of solution. In case of molality it is ratio of moles to mass. Mass is the same at any temperature hence molality wont change with change in temperature.

Ans :- electron - a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.

proton - a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron.

neutron - a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen.

J. J. Thomson discovered electron