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Correct option is D) Skin

(b) The amount of air available to a person is less than that available on the ground.

Correct option is A) Oxygen

Correct option is B) Carbondioxide

1. Exhaled air is warm and contains moisture and carbon dioxide. 

2. Inhaled air is at room temperature and contains oxygen along with other gases.

Fa-hien was a Chinese pilgrim, who traveled all over India for more than 13 years. The title of the book that he wrote about India was, Fo-Kwo-Ki (The Travels of Fa-hien).

Fa-hien writes that the bulk of the population during the Gupta age was vegetarian and usually followed the principle of Ahimsa (non-violence) The caste-system prevailed and untouch ability had become an established institution in this age. The Chandalas occupied the lowest rank in society. They were outcasts and lived away from the people. They did menial jobs. When they approached a city or a market, they had to strike a piece of wood, so that others might avoid coming in contact with them. 

Slavery also existed, although the Brahmins could not be owned as slaves. Women were educated in fine arts and domestic virtues. Widow-remarriage was viewed with disfavor. The practice of Devadasi was prevalent. In other words, some girls were being maintained to many temples for the service of Gods.

The Gupta Period is remarkable for all-around development in ideal administration, art, culture, economy, medicines, literature, education, astronomy etc. The famous universities of Taxila and Nalanda near Rawalpindi and in Bihar respectively. The temple of Bhitrigaon in Kanpur, Bhitari temple in Gazipur, Deogarh temple in Jhansi are examples of five architect. Aryabhatta, a famous astronomer and mathematician, Varahmibira, Brahmagupta was eminent astronomers. Charaka and Sushruta were excellent scholars of Ayurveda. The ‘Iron Pillar’ in New Delhi is the proof of high level metallurgy due to its high quality iron. Highly talented poets were Kalidas, Sudraka, Bhasa, Harishena, Dandin Subandhu, Bharavi, Banbhatta, Vishnusharma (writer of Panchatantra). Besides this, Puranas and Bhagvata Gita were written in this period. So it was the golden period of Indian culture, undoubtedly.

Data : Slope = 4.1 × 10^-15 V∙s, e = 1.6 ×10^-19 C

V₀ e = hv – hv₀

∴ V₀  = \((\cfrac{h}{e})\)v - \((\cfrac{hv_0}{e})\)

∴ Slope = \(\cfrac{h}{e}\)

∴  Planck’s constant,

h = (slope) (e) = (4.1 × 10^-15 V∙s)(1.6 × 10^-19 C)

= 6.56 × 10 34 J. (as 1 V = \(\cfrac{1J}{1C}\))

(a) The Allahabad Pillar Inscription: Allahabad Pillar Inscription is one of the most epigraphic evidence of the Imperial Gupta. Achievements of different rulers of the Gupta image are mentioned in Allahabad Pillar Inscription. It gives a vivid description of the reign and conquest of Samudragupta. Historians, both ancient and modem, have considered the historical value of Allahabad Pillar. It provides a pretty impressive lest of Kings and tribal republic that were conquered by Samudragupta. 

(b) Nalanda University: It was the most renowned educational institution of ancient India. Located at Nalanda in Rajagriha in Bihar, it was originally set up by Sakraditya in the 5th century AD during the reign of Kumaragupta-I. The University of Nalanda had imposing buildings. There were at least 8 colleges built by different patrons including one by Balaputradeva, King of Sumatra. According to Hiuen Tsang the whole university area was enclosed by a brick wall. The Nalanda University provided various facilities to the students for their studies. There were three great libraries called Ratnasagar, Ratnodadhi and Ratnaranjak. There were more than 10,000 students including teachers of all kinds. They came from Korea, Mongolia, Japan, China, Tibet, Ceylon and various parts of India. The subjects of study at Nalanda University were all the four Vedas, logic, grammar, medicine, samkya, yoga, nyaya and the Buddhist works of the different schools. It was not an ordinary university. It was a post-graduate institution to which admission was very difficult. Before admission, an examination was held in which hardly 20% students passed and the rest of 80% were rejected. Only the most brilliant were admitted to the University. Nalanda continued to be a beacon of light up to 12th century AD when it was destroyed by Mohammad-bin- Bakhtiyar Khilji, a general of Mohammad Ghori. Today only the remains of its magnificence and glory can be seen.

\(\cfrac12\)mv²_max = V_se = ( 1.5)(1.6 × 10^-19)

= 2.4 × 10^-19 J is the required kinetic energy

During Mauryan time, the traders used to travel in large caravans trudging along with long distances. The protection of those caravans was required, and in exchange, the state charged toll tax from traders called ‘Vartni’.

The popular currency at present in India is Rupee.

In Gupta reign, the tax imposed upon imported goods and domestically produced goods were known as Bhutovav Pratyay.

(b) Gold and glass

In the last several years, from 7 Places outside the Indus valley have the civilisation’s artefacts been excavated.

Dharmratna and Kashyap Matang, the two Buddhist monks, were the first missionaries to visit China.

To protect themselves from dacoits.

(d) To offer

• Silk 
• Chinese pottery.

Gold, Copper, Coral, Silk.

It is so because Godlike man still live and breathe here.

ऐसा इसलिए है क्योंकि ईश्वर तुल्य व्यक्ति यहाँ अभी भी रहते हैं व सांस लेते हैं।

Correct answer is (a) Religion

In ancient India, the major items that were exported from India were cotton textiles, spices, ivory and ivory made goods, pearls, precious stones, cinnamon, pepper, etc. The import trade of India included silver, copper, coral, wine, datepalms, Arabian horses, slaves etc. India exported ‘glass’ and ‘gold’ to China while importing ‘silk’ and ‘Chinese utensils’ in return and they were sold to the countries of West Asia. The remarkable fact is that Indian traders served as intermediaries between western countries and China.

 In Northern Afghanistan, Shoturgaya located at the confluence of Aaksas and Kokcha river.

Near copper mines of Khetri, in Kulhadeka Jihad.

(d) All of the above

(a) 360 Talent Gold

(a) Buddhism Preceptorial

(a) Bhragukuch

(b) Pauluyadhyaksh

(a)  Tamratipti

Gomed and Indragop.

If we try to form a new character, we shall die then.

यदि हम नया चरित्र बनाने का प्रयास करेंगे तो हम मर जायेंगे।

i. He went to China last year. (go)

ii. I have seen him twice since ten o’clock. (see)

iii. He has sung in films for fifteen years now. (sing)

iv. They painted the door last year. (paint)

v. Did he build the house last year? (build)

vi. Haven’t you read​​​​​​​ our assignment yet? (read)

vii. The water has not  boiled yet. (boil)

viii. have talked to him several times already. (talk)

A handful of powerful men dictate and the rest follow like the flock of sheep.

मुट्ठीभर ताकतवर लोग आदेश देते हैं व शेष लोग भेड़ के झुंड के जैसे पालन करते हैं।

Indians should unite together and put their best efforts. In this way they should do that.

भारतीयों को एक साथ आना चाहिए तथा अपने सर्वोत्तम प्रयास करने चाहिए। इस तरह से उन्हें यह (मरम्मत का कार्य) करना चाहिए

1. Relevance of Vivekanand’s Thoughts in Modern India:

Vivekananda’s thoughts are relevant in modern India also. His thoughts about the poor, education, India, humanity, spirituality are effective ones.
He says that the poor in India are angels while in the western nations they are devils. Indian poors are hard workers and well-behaved. They are poor because of scare city of work. His views on education are sound.

He advocates that the education should go to the door step of the learners. Education should have both scientific and spiritual elements. He has great love and respect for India. Godlike men still live in India. The life of this nation is in religion. It can’t be destroyed.. He urges to work for humanity. He asks to have compassion, peace and love. He invokes to help in distress. He opines that a spiritual person is superior to all.

2. Vivekanand’s Thoughts on Patriotism:

Swami Vivekanand’s thoughts on patriotism are very effective. He says that Indians should work to rebuild the nation. They should be unselfish, truthful, loving and sincere. Indians should raise India by the power of the spirit and by the flag of the peace and love. We should share powers with others. Indians should develop some traits for national regeneration. They should have boundless courage, tremendous energy, enterprising spirit and perfect obedience. Indians should not neglect masses. They should work to educate them. To regenerate India, we must work for them, Indians should sacrifice their lives for country’s sake. They should work unto death.

Narendranath’s Evolution into Swami Vivekanand Narendranath was born and brought up in Kolkata. He was an educated youth. He was in search of an exalted spiritual master. His search ended in Ramkrishna. The master showed the disciple Narendranath that he talked with goddess Kali. He made Narendranath spiritually sound. He extracted a promise from Narendranath to work for the upliftment of the poor, and the nation. After the final departure of his master, Swami Vivekanand travelled the whole of India. He went to the USA. He worked for the upliftment of the humanity. He sent his followers everywhere to propagate the doctrines of Vedanta.

नरेन्द्रनाथ का स्वामी विवेकानन्द के रूप में विकास नरेन्द्रनाथ का जन्म व पालन-पोषण कोलकाता में हुआ था। वह एक शिक्षित युवा था। वह एक उच्च आध्यात्मिक गुरु की खोज में था। उसकी खोज रामकृष्ण के रूप में पूरी हुई। गुरु रामकृष्ण ने यह शिष्य नरेन्द्रनाथ को दिखाया कि वे माँ काली से बात किया करते थे। उन्होंने, नरेन्द्रनाथ को आध्यात्मिक रूप से उन्नत किया। उन्होंने नरेन्द्रनाथ से गरीबों व राष्ट्र के लिए काम करने का वचन लिया। अपने गुरु के सर्वकालिक प्रस्थान के उपरांत स्वामी विवेकानन्द ने पूरे देश की यात्रा की। वे USA गये। उन्होंने मानवता के उत्थान के लिए कार्य किया। उन्होंने अपने अनुयायी सभी जगह भेजे ताकि वेदांत के सिद्धान्तों का प्रचार किया जा सके।

According to Swami Vivekananda, India can be raised by the power of the spirit, by the flag of the peace and love. It will never be raised by the power of the flesh and by the power of the flag of destruction.

स्वामी विवेकानन्द के अनुसार, भारत को मनोभावों की ताकत से तथा शांति व प्रेम के ध्वज से ऊपर उठाया जा सकता है। इसे शारीरिक ताकत से तथा विनाश की ताकत से ऊपर नहीं उठाया जायेगा।

According to Swami Vivekananda the religion has kept India alive. The life of this nation is religion. Its language is religion. Its idea is religion. Politics, society building, municipal work, plague-prevention work, famine relief work etc. are done through religion. The fire of our national life is still shouldering. It is hidden under the ashes. Our national life is of ten thousand years.

स्वामी विवेकानन्द के अनुसार धर्म ने भारत को जीवित रखा है। इस राष्ट्र का जीवन धर्म है। इसकी भाषा धर्म है। इसका विचार भी धर्म है। राजनीति, समाज-निर्माण, नगरपालिका कार्य, प्लेग रोकथाम कार्य, अकाल राहत कार्य आदि धर्म के माध्यम से ही किये जाते हैं। हमारे राष्ट्रीय जीवन की आग अभी भी सुलग रही है। यह राख के अन्दर छिपी है, हमारा राष्ट्रीय जीवन दस हजार वर्ष का है।

According to Swami Vivekananda, the root of all evils in India is the condition of the poor. The poor in India are angels as compared to the poor in the west.

स्वामी विवेकानन्द के अनुसार भारत में सभी बुराइयों की जड़ गरीबों की स्थिति है। भारत के गरीब, पश्चिम के गरीबों की तुलना में देवदूत हैं।

(b)  two time

Kautilya said this.

7th Century AD.

(d)  Praveshya

King Chhatrasal established his own kingdom in Bundelkhand.

Mughal Subhedar Mohammad Khari Bangush attacked Bundelkhand and defeated king Chhatrasal.

Hence, King Chhatrasal requested Bajirao for help.

According to the saying, probably, this port is situated at Gulf of Kachchi.