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No

Now increase the weight at Y and find out the weight required to bring both the ends to the same level.

(a) Weight of the object (gravitational force) 

(b) Buoyancy applied by the fluid

• A hydrogen-filled balloon rises in the air.
• Ships float on the surface of water.
• Submarines work by controlling the up thrust of water.
• While drawing water from well, weightlessness is felt when the bucket is underwater level.
• Life jacket floats on the surface of water.

(a) In R

(b) Diameter of the tube

(c) When the land is ploughed the separation between the soil particles increases. The diameter of the capillary tubes formed in the soil increases. So the capillary rise decreases. This help to retain moisture in the soil.

When the land is ploughed the separation between the soil particles increases. The diameter of the capillary tubes formed in the soil increases. So the capillary rise decreases. This helps to retain moisture in the soil.

In bigger tube, as the liquid level rises, the volume increases and the weight of the liquid also increases. Capillary rise is opposed by the weight of the liquid in the tube.

Water rises up in the tube 

The rising of water in a tube against gravitation or against the weight of water is known as capillary rise.

When an object in water is lifted, its weight appears diminished, when compared to that in air.

It is because water exerts an upward force on a body placed in it.

Fluids: Liquids and gases together are generally called fluids.

Buoyancy: When a body is immersed completely or partially in a liquid, the liquid exerts an upward force on the body. This force is the buoyancy.

X and Y balance

Then replace the syringe X with one of slightly smaller diameter and repeat the activity

Answer is Force of cohesion.

Bottle floats on water surface

1. (i) 2f

2. (iii) 2.5 cm

3. (iii) 2.5 cm

4. (i) Dioptre

5. (ii) \(\frac1P\)

Bottle rises to the surface of water

when Press slightly on the end X. then Y rises up

It is because water exerts an upward force

Correct option :  (3)

Explanation :

As explained in previous question the metal P, Q and R will have their own threshold frequncies. This fact is correctly represented by graph in option (3).

1. a. Kuhl

2. c. Both A and B

3. b. Bringing water from water source for irrigation

4. d. All of the above

5. b. Initial setup cost is high

1. A season is a division of the year based on weather, ecology etc.

2. India experiences six seasons round the year, namely, summer (grisha), rainy season (varsha), early autumn (sharad), late autumn (hemanta), winter (sheet), spring (vasanta).

3. The change of season allows many people to plan their activities (not shifting of house during rainy season), food, recreation, celebrations, etc.

(i) Rome was not Built in a Day

Big cities cannot be built very quickly. This actually refers to jobs that we undertake, our careers, our life and our achievements.

Just as Rome was not built in a day, so also our career, our life and our ambitions cannot be achieved in a short period of time. We must bear in mind, before we take up a project, that hard work has to go into making any endeavor a success. Success is 99% perspiration and 1% inspiration. We are aware of this, but do we honestly put in hard work or do we keep putting off our hard work for another day?

Rome took years to be built and once it was built it turned out to be a city beyond compare. Its beauty and its allure was incomparable. This was and is the result of dedication and hard work. We will achieve our goal and rise to the top only, and only if we understand the meaning of dedication, perseverance and hard work.

The three D’s must always be in our mind when we undertake a task to be done. The three D’s are- Dedication, Determination and Devotion. We will be able to touch the stars if we work hard and devote ourselves to the task ahead of us. We should not think of finishing our job in haste because haste makes waste. Only our determination and hard work will help us to achieve our aim in life.

(ii) Cut Your Coat According to Your Cloth

This proverb is something that all of us must bear in mind and abide by. The message that is given is that we must not spend beyond our means but be very careful with our expenditure.

The explanation is that if we give a piece of cloth to a tailor to stitch a coat, he will first measure the cloth and tell us whether it is possible, for him to make the coat we have asked for or not. If the cloth is insufficient, he will not be able to stitch the coat.

The same is the case with our income and expenses. We must always stay within the limits and not spend more than we can afford to or we will end up repenting. I know of a young man who wanted everything he saw advertised and he kept on buying the articles on installment-basis. Finally, he realized that the total amount he had to pay by way of the installments exceeded his income. The young man borrowed the money to make up the deficit.

How long could he go on in this way? His loans increased. People refused to give him more loans, since he could not pay back what he had already borrowed. Finally no one could wait to get the money they had given him on loan. He lost everything he had bought on installments and he landed in jail. His entire life had become one big mess – No money, no friends.

Could we too, end up like this young man? Yes, we could end up like this if we do not keep a track of the money we have and if we do not spend according to our means. This proverb teaches us to economies and to be frugal. We must learn how to manage our resources and live within our means. This will surely keep us out of trouble.

(iii) Empty Vessels Make the Most Sound

We have experienced this fact a number of times at home or even in school. When we strike on an empty vessel, we get a sonorous deep sound and if we strike on a vessel that is full of some liquid, we get only a dull thud. The above adage is metaphorically and literary correct.

We see around us people with no knowledge or very little knowledge making themselves heard above the rest and when they are questioned we realise that all is empty talk, they are just ignorant people who are trying to impress the crowd. Those who really have the knowledge are the ones who are not making a loud noise. They check out on the situation and open their mouths. What they say is the correct thing. They have knowledge and they use it wisely and correctly.

When we are in company, we must not try to prove to all present there, that we are the best, there is no one as knowledgeable as we are. We must use our etiquette and let the others have their say. We must realise that there are many who have more knowledge than we do.

It is very important to learn that when in company, we must give others the chance to have their say and not monopolies all the time such people are respected by others.

(iv) As you Sow, So shall you Reap

If we want to earn good things in life, we must do good things. If a farmer wants to cultivate rice, he will sow rice and not wheat. There was once a person who was not well to do and was really downtrodden and poor. This man had a very large heart. Whatever little food he got, he shared with others. There were times when he went without food, but he saw to it, that the beggars around had food to eat.

The neighbours observed this and decided to help this poor, warm-hearted person. They gave him an education. The man studied very hard and did well. The neighbours were very pleased. They gave him a job and he did very well. This man however never forgot the beggars and always bought them food and clothing.

Soon the poor man rose higher and higher and became the manager of the factory. He helped all the poor and even started a special “Society for the poor”. The man helped others and in return, he was helped. All of us must do well if we expect others to do good to us.

The poet thinks that there is no place on the earth which is as beautiful as this one.

(a) ‘Earth has not anything to show more fair: Dull would he be of soul who could pass by A sight so touching in its majesty:’ The poet appreciates the fairness and majestic appearance of the sight he sees in front of him.

(b) ‘Dull would he be of soul who could pass by’ The poet is so confident of the beauty of the sight that he feels only a ‘dull soul’ is capable of missing the splendour of the sight.

(c) ‘This city now doth, like a garment, wear.’ This line vividly shows how the poet sees the city as a lady who is constantly changing the attire.

(d) ‘All bright and glittering in the smokeless air’ The beauty of the morning, according to the poet, is so breathtaking because pollution has not yet spread its ugly wing over the city.

(e) ‘The river glideth at his own sweet will’ The poet personifies the river by giving it its own will to move smoothly to co-operate with the calm nature.

(f) ‘Never did sun more beautifully steep In his first splendour, valley, rock, or hill;’ The poet feels that the beauty of London early in the morning even surpasses the beauty he has experienced in valley, rock or hill.

(d) it does not appreciably change the potential difference to be measured.

William Wordsworth, one of the most famous romantic poet, a great lover of nature, wrote the poem ‘Upon Westminster Bridge’ while crossing over the famous bridge on the Thames river, with his sister, to go out of town.

The title of the poem is significant as it directly takes the readers to the place where the poet is inspired by the beauty of London city early in the morning. It immediately connects the readers with the content of the poem.

The theme of the poem is basically to admire the peace and calmness all around the city of London at dawn before the busy city wakes up to its daily routine activities. The skyline of the city is clearly visible and is glittering in bright sunlight as the morning is absolutely pollution free. To make the impression of the city at that moment clearer to the readers, the poet compares it to a lady who has currently changed her attire. There is a remarkable balance between nature and man-made structures like ships, domes, theatres, temples and co-existence has made the London landscape to be at its best.

The poet is awe-struck as he is not familiar with the scene. So he is confident to make a comment about a dull person who only can think of missing this chance of enjoyment and leave it for some other time. For Wordsworth, he is enjoying to his heart’s content the breathtaking beauty which is even more attractive than valley, rock or hill, the natural landscape which he has enjoyed so far. The sleeping city appears majestic as he is not used to seeing London this way. Even the river is flowing on its own will as if there is no one to disturb it’s moment.

The poem is a petrarchan sonnet, having fourteen lines which are divided in two sections. Octave, which is first eight lines and sestet, the last six lines. The octave presents in detail the city of London at dawn, its specialty seen by the poet at that time of the day and the co-existence of nature with man-made constructions so beautifully lit up by the bright and glittering sunlight. In sestet, the overflowing emotion of disbelief for the calmness of the sleeping city is expressed with so much of praise that it goes to the extent of exaggeration.

The 9th Line, ‘Never did sun more beautifully steep…’ is called ‘Volta’ where the poet gives reason for his – awe and wonder. The poet uses the traditional rhyme-scheme of a petrarchan sonnet — abbaabba, cdcdcd.

The poem is a descriptive one where the poet uses his sense of sight and flair for expression to present a panoramic view of London. The simplicity and frankness of the language that is devoid of any lofty idea, make the poem pleasant.

The poem is a momentary expression of the poet’s description of the finer details of what he sees, feels, thinks at particular time of the day. It appears more beautiful because of the clarity in nature. Perhaps, on a gloomy day with overcast sky, this beauty would not have worked wonders for the poet. Fair weather brings out the inspirational awakening to the poet and he could easily pass it on the readers.

Respected dignitaries on the dias, the judges and my dear friends, A very good afternoon to all of you. Today, I am going to talk about ‘Flourishing of cities because of human intrusion over nature.’

The other day’ I read a news report about a leopard entering the IIT Campus at Powai and was sitting at the door of an apartment. It is scary indeed! But have we ever thought why this animal has to come out of his natural habitat to enter into human territory? Yes, you have guessed right. We have intruded in the animal’s territory. We have built beautiful houses for ourselves amidst a natural surrounding but with all modern amenities. In the process, we have snatched from the wild animals their places for survival.

Friends, I do agree, modern cities have lost to offer. We are making bigger cities but are aware of the fact that we are getting disconnected from nature. And this reduced access to nature is causing enormous amount of problems, the major among them are diseases, mental strain, etc. The kids, who do not have enough time and space to lead a natural life are the worst victims.

Cities are flourishing but friends, how many megacities have been formed without disturbing the nature? This is due to absolute irresponsible in action to environmental problems. You and I are totally unconcerned about the intrusion in the world of nature. But, still there is no reason to lose hope.

Of course there are remedies, but we need to learn to appreciate nature first. Buildings need to have sufficient number of windows to allow fresh air and light, rooftop gardens, creation of spaces within and around the building to touch, smell and nurture plants. But all these require thoughtful planning of the cities where peaceful co-existence with nature is possible. For this we need to be sensitive towards the ecosystem, public health and sympathetic towards animal population.

The morning looks beautiful because of the calmness and peaceful atmosphere of the dawn in London city which is so soothing to the eye. Even the man-made structures along with the green fields, valleys and rocks and hills look very bright and glittering with the sunlight that falls directly on them in the absence of fog and smoke in the air. The river also flows smoothly on its own will.

The garment is compared with the beauty of the city of London early in the morning.

I am an early riser and that is why I am familiar with the early morning scenes in my city. Dawn is the only time I can enjoy pollution free air, breathe deeply and can have a good look at the magnificent skyline with the rising sun peeping out. But the experience is short lived.

‘Glideth’ is an archaic word meaning ‘moves smoothly’.

I stay in Mumbai, the maximum city. My city is always buzzing with activities and that makes it one of the liveliest cities in the world as it is very often said, ‘Mumbai never sleeps’. I love everything about Mumbai, but what I enjoy the most is to sit at Marine Drive, watching the majestic Arabian sea. Mumbai street foods like vada pav, pav bhaji, etc., are mouthwatering. Who can ignore Mumbai’s Film Industry popularly known as ‘Bollywood’. Critics may take about Mumbai traffic, pollution etc., but I am in awe of ‘Aamchi Mumbai’.

(b) A is correct but B is wrong.

Explanation:

Let the emfs of the batteries be e₁ and e₂, and their respective resistances be r₁ and r₂. 

Since the batteries are connected in series, the equivalent emf will be the sum of the emf of the two batteries ( e = e₁ + e₂ ) . 

Thus, e > e₁ and  e > e₂ 

Thus, the equivalent emf is larger than either of the two emfs. 

Hence, statement A is correct. 

Since the batteries are connected in series, the equivalent internal resistance (r) of the combination will be the sum of the internal resistance of the two batteries ( r = r₁ + r₂ ). r > r₁ and r > r₂ 

Thus, the equivalent internal resistance is greater that either of the two resistances. Hence, statement B is wrong

(a) A sight so touching in its majesty The grandness of the scene touches the nature lover poet.

(b) ‘This city now doth, like a garment, wear’. The beauty of the city in the morning is so unexpected to the poet that he picturises the city wearing a different attire. 

(c) ‘The beauty of the morning; silent, bare’ The reader can feel the calmness of the city along with the poet. 

(d) ‘All bright and glittering in the smokeless air’ The beauty of the morning is so apparent because of the pollution-free air which makes the sun look brighter. 

(e) ‘The river glideth at his own sweet will’ The smooth flow of the river can be visualized. 

(f) ‘And all that mighty heart is lying still’ The busy city is lying silent early in the morning.

1. Proper planning 

2. Get the plan approved by the authority 

3. Draw design

4. Selection of a capable and qualified builder

5. Availability of funds

Anyone with an appreciative mind would not be able to ignore the beauty.

(d) 119^o

A linear pair is a pair of adjacent angles whose non-common sides are opposite rays.

We know that, measure of sum of adjacent angles is equal to 180^o.

Let the measure of other angle be x^o.

Then,

x + 61^o = 180^o

x = 180^o – 61^o

x = 119^o

Each signal requires the use of 2 flags.

There will be as many flags as there are ways of filling in 2 vacant places in succession by the given 5 flags of different colours.

The upper vacant place can be filled in 5 different ways by any one of the 5 flags following which, the lower vacant place can be filled in 4 different ways by any one of the remaining 4 different flags.

Thus, by multiplication principle, the number of different signals that can be generated is 5 × 4 = 20.

4! = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 = 24

3! = 1 × 2 × 3 = 6

4! – 3! = 24 – 6 = 18

Correct option is (D) Cuboid

Plasma T.V. has length, breadth and height and all 6 faces are rectangular. Also length \(\neq\) breadth in a Plasma T.V.. Thus, Plasma T.V. is an example of cuboid.

Correct option is  D) Cuboid

Correct option is (B) Cube

Die have 6 faces and all faces are equivalent to each other.

\(\therefore\) Die is an example of Cube.

Correct option is  B) Cube

Correct option is (C) 14

Number of cubes of 1 unit \(=3\times1+2\times3+1\times5\)

= 3+6+5

= 14

Number of cubes of 1 unit in the given figure = 14.

Correct option is  C) 14

Correct option is (D) 13

\(\therefore\) Number of cubes \(=2\times4+1\times5\)

= 8+5 = 13

Correct option is  D) 13

Answer is (d) none of these

Correct option is (D) Rectangle

Cube, Cuboid and Cylinder are 3D figures.

But Rectangle is a 2D figure.

Correct option is  D) Rectangle

Correct option is (C) Cone

Square, Rectangle and Triangle are 2D shapes (figures).

But cone is a 3D shape (figure).

Correct option is  C) Cone

 We have,

\(A = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 2b & -2\\[0.3em] 3 & 1& 3 \\[0.3em] 3a&3 & -1 \end{bmatrix}\)

∵  A is symmetric matrix.

⇒ A^T = A

⇒ \( \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 3 & 3a\\[0.3em] 2b& 1& 3 \\[0.3em] -2&3 & -1 \end{bmatrix}\)

= \( \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 2b & -2\\[0.3em] 3& 1& 3 \\[0.3em] 3a&3 & -1 \end{bmatrix}\)

Equating both sides, we get

2b = 3 and 3a = - 2

⇒ b = \(\frac{3}{2}\) and a = \(-\frac{2}{3}\)

The term colony comes from the Latin word colonus, meaning farmer.

The Portuguese conquered the great international emporium of Malacca for the king of Portugal.