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c) Hector Munro

Correct Answer is: (b) Bangar

Alluvial soil: It is soil formed by the sediments deposited by river water.

Pearl Harbour.

The Second World War started in 1939.

The World War I took place between 1914 to 1918. The immediate cause for the war was the assassination of the Austrian prince. Archduke Franz Ferdinand on 28th July 1914. This incident, caused an immediate war between the two groups Triple Entente and Triple Alliance.

Lenin played an important role in the Russian revolution. When Japan defeated Russia in 1905, it was a great insult to the people of Russia. It was due to the worst administration of the Tsars. The people started rebellions against the Tsars. Thousands of factory workers and peasants fought with weapons. At this juncture, Lenin, the leader of the Bolsheviks Labour Party guided the workers and peasant in revolution against the Tsars. The working class engaged in more and more agitations. The last Russian Tsar Nicholas II was unable to control the agitations and deserted the country. As a result, Mansheviks party gained the power of Russia. Lenin who was in exile came back to his countiy. He assured the people a good government. The people responded whole heartedly to this. He declared Russia a Socialist Republic in 1917. He became the President of Russia.

The Fascist dictator was Mussolini.

According to the Hitler’s Nazi ideology, he upheld German’s Aryan race was the best race in the world and they were eligible only to rule the world. He thought that the Jews were responsible for all the problems of Germans. He opened that the Jews were unfit to exist. He treated them in the crudest manner. The Jews were for and put them to death recklessly. He created unrest and fear in the minds of the people. His Nazi ideology ultimately met his fate of destruction in the World War II.

After World War II, the constant fear, hatred, jealousy and anxiety in political, economic, military and other affairs between the two global powers is called ‘Cold War’.

The causes for World War II were : 

1. The ambition of Hitler was to win the entire world and popularize the Aryan race. 

2. The Versailles Treaty imposed a , heavy loss on Germany. Germany lost most of its areas to allied nations. Economically, Germany was destroyed. 

3. Among the defeated countries in the World War I feelings of shame and humiliation gave rise to aggressive nationalism. 

4. The compensation for the loss in the war and other decisions that were heaped on Germany affected the people adversely. Unemployment, poverty led to the widespread the Germans. 

5. At this juncture, Hitler took the power of Germany. His main ambition was to take revenge on the allied nations. 

6. He employed his dictatorial power for mass massacres in Germany. 

7. The immediate cause for the World War II was Hitler’s attack on Polarid, which was an ally of Britain.

In 1929 economic development in America stagnated. As a result industrial and agricultural production collapsed. Besides mining, ship building, production of consumer goods suffered a lot. The economic crisis was witness to political changes. Under such economic condition, Roosevelt, the President of America encouraged the women to work in the social sector. He brought many reforms to change the economic structure of America. It was due to the efforts of Roosevelt, America overcame its economic depression.

The Communist Government in Russia was founded by Lenin.

The following points prove India is a Secular country. 

1. Secularism in the Indian context implies tolerance towards others beliefs and faiths. 

2. In India there is no state religion.

3. No religion is given superior status. 

4. Citizens are granted complete freedom in religious matter. 

5. People are free to profess, practice and propagate any religion of their choice. 

6. No religious instruction is imparted in any educational institution maintained out of public funds. 

7. No political party is allowed to use religion or religious symbols in the election campaigns. 

8. No discrimination is made in matters of public employment on the grounds of religion. 

9. The religious tolerance is followed.

After India achieved Independence, it had to face the linguistic formation problem. Many organizations and the people demanded to mark the boundaries based on the language of the areas. The desire of the people for linguistic formation of states was intense. In 1953 the government formed Justice Fazal Ali Commission in which Fazal Ali was the Chairman, K.M. Panickker and H.N. Kunjru were the members. Andhra Pradesh became the first state on the base of language. As per the report of the Commission, the State Reorganisation Act came into force in 1956. Accordingly, 14 states and 6 Union Territories were formed in the country. On November 1st, 1956, Mysore State came into existence on the base of Kannada speaking areas. In 1973 Mysore was renamed as Karnataka State.

Even after independence of India, the French had treated Pondicherry as their colony. The Congress, the communists and other organizations urged that Pondicherry should be the part of India. After a long effort Pondicherry was liberated from the French and it was declared a Union territoiy in 1963.

In 1947 due to the partition of India, people in thousands together migrated from Pakistan to India. India had to provide them shelter, employment, food, education and health care. Though it was a great burden for the government, it made many efforts to provide the refugees with shelter, food, land, etc.

The components of land reforms were

(i) The first component was the abolition of the colonial system of zamindari. This act released land from the clutches of a class that had little interest in agriculture.

(ii) The attempts at consolidation of land brought small pieces of land together in one place so that farm size could become viable for agriculture.

(iii) Laws were made to put an upper limit or ceiling to how much agricultural land one person could own but people with excess land managed to evade the law.

(iv) The tenants who worked on someone else’s land were given greater legal security against eviction but this provision was rarely implemented.

1. Zamindari system was abolished to release land from a big landlord who was least interested in agriculture. 

2. Lands were consolidated to bring small pieces together to increase the farm size Drawbacks: 

(i) Despite a ‘ceiling’, people with excess land managed to violate the laws. 

(ii) The tenants, who worked on someone else's land were given greater legal security which rarely implemented. 

(iii) Landowners were very powerful and wielded considerable political influence.

The major land reforms carried in India were: 

• Abolition of Zamindari system 

• Consolidation of small land holdings and 

• Putting an upper limit or ceiling on the maximum amount of land one can possess.

Some of these land reforms could not be properly implemented in India because the landowners were very powerful and yielded lot of political influence. As a result, these land reforms were either not translated into laws or when made into laws, they remained only on papers.

(a) Published source

The Article 51 of Indian Constitution deals with the “Directive Principles of State Policy” on “Promotion of International Peace and Security”: 

(i) Promote international peace and security. 

(ii) Maintain just and honorable relations between nations. 

(iii) Foster respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organized people with one another. 

(iv) Encourage settlement of the international dispute by arbitration.

सही विकल्प है (c) वसेक

सही विकल्प है (a) परोक्ष कर

Correct option is (b) Indirect tax

सही विकल्प है (b) 2017

सही विकल्प है (d) खरीद कर

GST is an indirect tax which will be levied on the goods and services both.

Following five Acts are formed for the implementation of GST :

1. The CGST Act
2. The SGST Act
3. The UTGST Act
4. The IGST Act
5. The GST Compensation Cess Act

सही विकल्प है (b) IGST

1. Full form of GST is Goods and Services Tax.
2. Full form of CGST is Central Goods and Services Tax.
3. Full form of SGST is State Goods and Services Tax.
4. Full form of UTGST is Union Territory Goods and Services Tax.
5. Full form of IGST is Integrated Goods and Services Tax.
6. Full form of ITC is Input Tax Credit.

The range of GST rates is between 0 % to 28%.

For the special goods GST rates are 0.25% and 3%.

Correct option is (d) CGST + SGST

Correct option is (a) CGST + UTGST

Correct option is (b) IGST

Imports of goods and services are treated as interstate supply.

GST collected on intrastate supply is distributed equally between CGST and SGST/UTGST.

Correct option is (c) IGST

Correct option is (c) IGST

Under the GST, the supply of goods and completion of services are taxable instead of tax collection on production or sales of goods or providing of services.

When transaction of supply is done by the trader outside of own state / union territory is known as interstate supply.

Correct option is (a) transaction value

Correct option is (b) Goods and Services

The terminology of “Supply” is used for the sale and purchase of goods and services under GST.

Correct option is (b) destination

The NCC cadets are given the following Concessions: 

• The NCC cadets learn certain qualities such as community life and leadership. 
• Those who get this training are given preference in recruitment to the army. 
• They get reservation in admission to higher courses.

Correct option is (b) single

• It is providing security to over 300 government and private industrial installations and laboratories in India. 
• It also provides protection to the airports, harbors, railway stations, historical sites and nuclear power stations.

The slogan of the NCC is ‘discipline and unity’.