Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

• Oral Communication 
• Written Communication 
• Formal communication or informal communication

The short cut key is Ctrl P

Self confidence

Reduction of environmental risks is the primary goal of Green economy. The main focus is to ensure economic growth without harming the environment.

Financial growth is a kind of Motivation for a banker which boosts his morale to work hard.

c) Xylene

Xylene is clearing agent used in laboratory.

Customer must be self  Aware  before buying any insurance products.

NSCCL (National Securities Clearing Corporations Ltd.)

Correct option: A. CTRL +;

In manufacturing form of business, the finished product can be directly sold to the customer.

Premium pricing:

a) a.k.a. prestige pricing 

b) product is of supreme quality and unique features 

c) can give rich dividend when buyers are not price conscious Team pricing

a) companies sell a package for a price lower than they would charge if the customer buys all of them separately

b) a. k. a product bundling

a) objections related to procrastination 

b) he should try to fix up a meeting at some future sate to move sale forward by asking them for future commitment to buy from the customer

B) Promotion

Promotion ‘P’ is meant to create lifetime relationship of the marketer with the customers.

The product features aimed at satisfying specific market needs and the price range, quality and the demographics that are intended to be targeted. 

The niche market is highly specialised and aiming to survive among the competition from numerous super companies.

“Marketing Mix is the set of controllable variable that the firm can use to influence the buyer’s response – 

Element of marketing mix 

(i) Product 

(ii) Price 

(iii) Place 

(iv) Promotion 

Four elements 

(i) Product – 

a. A product refers t an item that satisfies the consumer’s needs or wants. 

b. From the customer’s point of view, a product is perceived as a bundle of utilities i.e. functional benefits, psychological benefits and social benefits. 

(ii) Price - 

a. Price refers to the value of a product in monetary terms. 

b. Price is considered to be the regulator of demand. 

c. Price is the only variable that has affects the revenue. 

(iii) Place – 

a. Place or physical distribution all those activities that ensure availability of the product at the right place at the right time and the right position to the target customers. 

(iv) Promotion –

 a. Promotion includes the set of activities that are undertaken by the prospective buyers.

(a) In the exotic moment of silence and introspection, fishermen will become conscioi the fact that they are causing harm to the whales. The poet expects this because he feels that at this opportune moment all evil will come to an end. 

(b) The man gathering salt will stop for a while at that quiet moment and look at his hurt hands.

(c) ‘Hurt hands’ means that human beings are oblivious of the pain they are causing to themselves in the pursuit of amassing more and more comforts. They have no time for themselves. 

(d) In this moment of silence, man will not harm nature, and both human beings and nature will get some time to attend to and recover from their wounds.

Types of sales organisation:- 

(i) Committee type sales organisation 

(ii) Trade type sales organisation 

(iii) Product type sales organisation

(a) Direct Recruitment 

•  Under the direct recruitment, the organization places a notice on the notice board specifying the details of the various jobs available. Also, at the same time, the job seekers are provided information about the selection process. 

(b) Casual callers 

• Many reputed enterprise maintain a database of unsolicited applications for various job positions. This record serves as a ready recknor to fill the various job positions as and when they arise. 

(c) Advertisement 

• Advertisement is one of the most popular source of recruitment which is being widely used for ages inform and persuade the prospective candidates to apply for the various available job positions. 

(d) Employment Exchange 

• The employment exchange works as an intermediary and seeks to provided a link between the job seeker and organization. 

(e) Placement Agencies and Management Consultants. 

• There placement agencies work as a middle men between the job seekers and the organizations. The candidates desirous of getting placement contact this agencies, who in return for a commission forward these biodata’s to the suitable organistaions. Thus, the placement agencies seek to balance the demand and supply of human resource. 

(f) Campus Recruitment 

• One of the prime consideration for the students to join a particular college or institute, is weather it will be able to provide a platform for placement in them. 
• Campus recruitment is considered to be a very important source of recruitment for obtaining human resources in all spheres be technical, professional and managerial jobs.

(g) Recommendation of employees 

•  The enterprise encourages may present employees to provide references of their friends and relatives who prove to be a worthwhile source of recruitment for the organization. 

(i) Advertising on Television 

• Television is considered to be one of the most popular electronic medium of adverstising. 
• The organizations desirous of recruiting people through this source, need to provide the complete details about the vacant job positions. This enables the job seekers to take appropriate decisions and actions. 

(j) Web publishing 

• The growing popularity of internet has been away for a new source of recruitment.

Within the school premises, it is the responsibility of school authority while outside the school, the local municipality is responsible for the same.

The poet refersto the moment ofstillness and quietness as an exotic moment. It would be an exotic moment, as such a tranquillity will initiate peace and brotherhood. There would be no movement, no talk, no activity and consequently, no violence.

Planning : Planning is deciding in advance , What to Do , How to Do and Who is to Do it . Planning bridges the gap as , where we are and where we want to go . It makes it possible for things to happen . Steps involved in the planning process are : 

(i) Setting Objectives : 

• The first step in the planning process involves laying down clear , specific and measurable objectives for the organization as a whole and also with respect to each department or unit , within the organization .

(ii) Developing Premises : 

• Planning cannot be done without anticipating future events . 
• As future is uncertain , the Managers are required to make certain assumptions about the future in terms of customer preferences , competition , interest rates , state of economy , government policy and so on . These assumptions are known as Planning Premises . 
• The Premises so developed set the limits within which the planning should be carried out . Thus , accurate forecasting is the essence of successful planning . 

(iii) Identifying Alternative Course of Actions : 

• The next logical step that follows after stating the objectives and developing premises is identifying all the alternative courses of action , which are available for consideration 

(iv) Evaluating Alternative Courses : 

• After listing the various possible alternatives , it is important to analyze the relative Pros and Cons of each alternative in light of their viability and significances . 
• This is a very important step in Planning , as accurate analysis of various alternatives is imperative for correct decision making . 

The various responsibilities that a consumer should take into account while buying any product or availing a service are outlined below: 

(i) Be aware about various goods and services available in the market so as to make an intelligent and wise buying decision. 

(ii) Buy only standardised goods in order to be assured of its qualities the buyer should, check for related quality marks on the product like, for electrical goods look for ISI mark, food products must bear FPO mark, jewelry should carry hallmark etc. 

(iii) Learn about the risks associated with products and services and must follow manufacturer’s instructions and use the products safely. 

(iv) Read labels carefully so as to be aware about prices, net weight, manufacturing and expiry dates, etc.

Organising is the process of identifying and grouping of the work to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority and establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling people to work most effective together in accomplishing their objectives.” - Alllen. 

(a) Organising offers benefits of specialization  

• Organsing leads to an orderly sharing out of jobs amongst the employees. This is done by allocating the specific jobs o a regular basis to specific employees. 
• By performing the same task repetitively the employees gain proficiency which facilitates specialisation and increases productivity. 

(b) It brings clarity in working relationship 

• The process organizing involves establishing a hierarchical order of well defined jobs. 
• The fixation of responsibility and extend of authority ensures systematic flow of information and instructions within the organization.

(c) It leads to optimum utilization of resources 

• Effectiveness organizing ensures proper allocation of jobs and helps to avoid duplication of activities. 
• This leads to optimum utilization of all the resources be it human, physical or financial.

(d) It facilitates adaptation to change  

• Every business operates in a dynamic environment. The success of an enterprise lies in its ability to carry out transitions smoothy in the light of the changing situations. 

(e) It leads to effective administration 

• Organising helps to curb confusions in terms of roles and responsibilities associated with each job, by providing for clear cut job structures. 

(f) It leads to expansion and growth of an enterprise 

• Organsing offers numerous benefits to an organization by promoting its smooth working and stability. 
• This provides confidence to the managers to deviate from existing norms and take up new challenges in the interest of the organization.

Advantages of on-line trading:- 

(i) Mass reach 

(ii) Retailer can increase his sales volume without making more expenditure on advertisement 

(iii) No need to invest in maintaining large scale of stocks

Correct option: c) Intermediaries

Entrepreneurship is considered to be both an art and a science. For a subject to be considered as science, it needs to have a stepwise progression substantiated by valid proof like chemistry or physics. There are steps that need to be followed to attain a specific result. On the other hand, some subjects are categorized as art, where no specific way to attain a result is required and the skill of using the subject matter is of prime importance.

Importance of sales organisation:- 

(i) Study of distribution of wares and consumers 

(ii) The head must see plans and organise the different necessary functions to take the product from factory to consumers 

(iii) Focus on easy distribution system

Steps in territory planning:- 

(i) Selecting the control unit

(ii) Undertaking an account analysis 

(iii) Developing the workload analysis of salesperson 

(iv) Combining the control unit into the sales territory 

(v) Adjusting for coverage difficulty and redistricting tentative territories

Unwarrantable business: effects purchases or sales for its constituent’s account or for any account in which it is directly or indirectly interested which purchases or sales are excessive in view of its constituent’s or its own means and financial resources or in view of the market for such security.

Advantages of line and staff type of sales organisation:

(i) Due importance is given to specialists 

(ii) Each opportunity is taken care by planning department 

(iii) Experts can be developed

The Net Worth of the member is calculated as summation of Capital and free reserves less non allowable assets.

Disadvantages of straight salary plan:- 

(i) It doesn’t distinguish between most productive and least productive workers 

(ii) It could create a feeling of dis-satisfaction among the different sales person 

(iii) Salaries are fixed overhead cost to the company

Correct answer is b. Heterogenous 

Extrinsic Motivation:- It refers to behaviour that is driven by external rewards such as money ,fame, grades and praise. This type of motivation arises from outside the individual as opposed to intrinsic motivation, which originates inside of the individual. 

For exp: student is motivated to perform an activity to earn reward or avoid punishment.

The Procedure of transfer of securities from physical form to electronic form is called dematerialization.

Green jobs help: 

• increase the efficiency of energy and raw material. 

• reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Correct answer is c. Direct distribution 

Purpose of having sales territory:- 

(i) Obtaining the proper market coverage 

(ii) Establishing the sales person’s job and responsibility 

(iii) Adding to sales force morale

The ISIN is a number assigned to a security that is universally recognizable. ISINs are used for numerous reasons including clearing and settlement. The numbers ensure a consistent format so that holdings of institutional investors can be tracked consistent across markets worldwide.

features of ISIN:

• Twelve-character numbering.
• Computer-generated code to protect against counterfeiting.
• Governed by the International Organization for Standardization.

Correct answer is a. Penetration Pricing 

Correct answer is b. Physical distribution 

On the job-training: It is a method, where workers learn by doing the work. 

The following are the important methods of on the job training: 

1. Apprenticeship training 

2. Coaching 

3. Internship training 

4. Job-rotation On the job means learning while doing. 

The following are the popular on the job training methods: 

1. Apprenticeship Programmes: Apprenticeship programmes put the trainee under the guidance of a master worker. These are designed to acquire a higher level of skill. People seeking to enter skilled jobs like plumbers, electricians, etc., are required to undergo apprenticeship training. 

2. Coaching: In this method, the superior guides and instructs the trainee as a coach. The coach or counselor sets mutually agreed upon goals, suggests how to achieve these goals periodically reviews the trainees progress and suggests changes required in behavior and performance. The trainee works directly with a senior manager and the manager takes full responsibility for the trainee’s coaching. 

3. Internship training: It is a joint programme of training in which educational institutions and business firms cooperate. Selected candidates carry on regular studies for the prescribed period. They also work in some factory or office to acquire practical knowledge and skills. 

4. Job Rotation: This kind of training involves shifting the trainee from one department to another or from one job to another. This enables the trainee to gain a broader understanding of all parts of the business and how the organization as a whole functions. Job rotation allows trainees to interact with other employees. When employees are trained by this method, the organization finds it easy at the time of promotions, replacements or transfers.

A depository is an entity which helps an investor to buy or sell securities such as stocks and bonds in a paper-less manner. Securities in depository accounts are similar to funds in bank accounts.

There are two depositories in India which provide dematerialization of securities. The National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) and Central Depository Services (India) Limited (CDSL).

The following are the steps in the process of organizing: 

a. Identification and Division of work: The process of organizing starts with the identification and division of work. The work is divided into manageable activities so that duplication of work can be avoided. The burden of work can be shared among the employees. 

b. Departmentalization: It refers to the process of grouping the activities of similar nature under same departments. This helps specialization and coordination. 

Departments can be created generally on the following basis: 

1. On the basis of function 

2. On the basis of type of product manufactured 

3. On the basis of territory 

c. Assignment of duties: It is necessary to define the work of different job positions and allocate the work accordingly to various employees. Once departments are formed, it is necessary to assign the work to the employees according to their skill and competencies. It is essential that a balance is created between the nature of the job and the ability of the employee. 

d. Establishment of reporting relationships: Mere allocation of work is not enough. Each individual should know from whom he has to take orders and to whom he is accountable. The establishment of such clear relationship helps to create a hierarchal structure and helps in co-ordination among various departments.

Dematerialization is the process by which physical certificates of an investor are converted to an equivalent number of securities in electronic form and credited to the investor’s account with his Depository Participant (DP).

The planning function of the management has certain special features. 

These features are as follows: 

a. Planning focuses on achieving objectives: Organisations are set up with a general purpose in view. Specific goals are set out in the plans along with the activities to be undertaken to achieve the goals. Thus, planning is purposeful. It contributes to the achievement of predetermined goals of an organization. 

b. Planning is a primary function of management: Planning lays down the base for other functions of management. All other managerial functions are performed within the framework of the plans drawn. Thus, planning is referred to as the primary function of management. 

c. Planning is pervasive: Planning is required at all levels of management. It is also o required in all departments of the organization. Planning is not an exclusive function of top management. It is required at every level and in every department. Hence, planning is all pervasive in nature. 

d. Planning is continuous: Plans are prepared for a specific period of time. At the end of that period there is a need for a new plan to be drawn on the basis of new requirements and future conditions. Hence, planning is a continuous process.

Personal selling involves oral presentation of message in the form of conversation with one or more prospective customers for the purpose of making sales. It is a personal form of communication.

1. Obtaining Market Share Leadership: If a firm’s objective is to obtain larger share of the market; it will keep the price of its products at lower levels so that greater number of people are attracted to purchase the products. 

2. Surviving in a Competitive Market: If a firm is facing difficulties in surviving in the market because of intense competition or introduction of a more efficient substitute by a competitor, it may lead to discounting its products or running a promotion campaign to liquidate its stock.

1. The Hedge This is most suitable for territories which contain both urban and nonurban areas. They can be divided into many sizes and the travel time can be maintained by balancing between the calls of urban and the non-urban areas. 

2. The Hopscotch In this shape the salesperson begins from the last point and reaches out to the customers while coming back to the office.