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The Korean War, from 1950 to 1953, was the most severe test the United Nations had to face since its inception in 1945. As a part of the whole Cold War scenario, the Korean war was a complicated issue with which the United Nations had to successfully deal with or lose credibility just five years after it had come into being. United Nations Security Council Resolution 82, was a measure adopted by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) on June 25,1950. The resolution demanded that North Korea should immediately end its invasion of South Korea, the catalyst for the beginning of the Korean War. The measure was adopted by a vote of nine supports, none opposed, and one abstention.

The Khalistan Movement wanted to create a separate Sikh country while the Assam Movement was a popular movement against undocumented immigrants in Assam.

Total Revolution movement (Sampoorna Kranti movement) initiated by students in Bihar in 1974 and led by veteran Gandhian socialist, Jayprakash Narayan, was against the misrule and corruption being practised in the Bihar Legislative Assembly.

During the Korean War (1950), India backed the US by endorsing the United Nations resolution that condemned North Korea’s attack on South Korea. Jawaharlal Nehru, who coined the term Non-Alignment, believed that Indian freedom struggle was a part of the world wide struggle for freedom and progress.

Japanese method of rice cultivation gives some of the highest yields of rice in the world. 

The chief characteristics of Japanese methods are:

• Rice is first prepared as nursery in the seedbeds and the seedlings are transplanted in late spring to the flooded fields. 

• Paddlewheels, electric and diesel pumps are used to supply irrigation ditches with water. 

• Small tractors are used for preparing the fields. 

• Terrace is a common feature of rice cultivation on the margin of the plains. 

• The rows of plants are fixed at a distance of 25 cm. Similarly, the distance between the plants is about 15 cm. It makes easy for the farmer to give proper care to the plants by weeding them. 

• Manure is used extensively to increase the yield. The plants give a higher yield in this method.

Rice is not cultivated in the northern parts of China because the climate of this region is too cold for rice cultivation.

(i) Yield in sugarcane is higher in the Deccan because: 

1. Climate of Deccan is free from summer loo and winter frost. 

2. Black lava soil with high fertility and retentivity of moisture is suitable for it.

(ii) Advantage of Ratoon crop: It is labour and time saving. 

Disadvantage of Ratoon crop: It yields thinner canes with low sucrose content.

45° is the angle of dip at a place where the horizontal component (BH) and vertical component (BV) of earth’s magnetic field are equal

An equipotential surface is one on the surface of which the potential is same.

A beam of light is incident at the polarizing angle of 35° on a certain glass plate. The refractive index of the glass plate is tan 35°

The energy associated with light of which of the following colours is minimum violet.

(c) there is no change in the number of protons and the number of neutrons.

Darwin explained evolution of long neck of modem Giraffe by presuming existence of variability in length of neck and legs in ancestral population of Giraffe. Long necked giraffe with long fore legs were more successful in reaching soft leaves of trees for feeding. Therefore, natural selection favoured long neck progeny generation after generation.

(i) NO₃^- ion, 

(ii) Cl^- ion, 

(iii) CO₃^2- ion, 

(iv) SO₄^2- ion

A compound which liberates reddish brown gas around the anode during electrolysis in its molten state is Lead(II) bromide.

3. Greater than one

A macro environment is the condition that exists in the economy as a whole, rather than in a particular sector or region. In general, the macro environment includes trends in gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, employment, spending and monetary and fiscal policy . The macro environment is closely linked to the general business cycle as opposed to the performance of an individual business sector.

A macro-region is a large unit with greatly diversified natural resources capable of being a self-contained (not necessarily self-sufficient) region with a self-generating economy to support a high quality of life. There are the largest regions in the three-tier system of planning regions. These combine in themselves a number of mesoregions on the basis of their socio-economic bonds, south peninsular region is an example of macro-region e.g., Indo-Ganga plain.

(i) Heritage Hotels: Heritage hotels cover running hotels in palaces, castles, forts, havailies, hunting lodges residence or any size built prior to 1950. The facade architect feature and general construction should have the distinctive qualities and ambiance in keeping with the traditional way of life of the area.

(ii) Eco-Tourism: Eco-tourism is a form of tourism involving visiting usually protected areas, intended as a low impact and often small- scale alternatives to commercial (mass) tourism. Its purpose is to educate travelers to provide funds for ecological conservation, to directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local communities or to foster respect for different cultures and for human rights.

Geography is an integrating discipline and offers a unique synthesis of development of natural and human resources. As such as geographer’s conceptualization of development is much more comprehensive. It considers economic progress, social advancement, political development and environmental preservation.

Development is the use of resources and application of available technology to bring about an increase in the standard of living in a country. The geographer’s view of development is much broader involving social and cultural advancement as well as technological change and economic growth.

Development implies overall improvement in economic, social and political conditions of a society. It is not only area-specific but also time-specific. Geographer’s conceptualization of development is much more comprehensive. It considers economic progress, social advancement, political development and environmental preservation. It is an integrating discipline and offers a unique synthesis of development of natural and human resources.

The two types of black dotted lines are seen the north. The dotted line (-------------) shows the state boundary and the dotted line (………) refers to tehsil boundary.

Car tracks (red lines) are absent. Footpaths are seen connecting some villages like Manupriya village and Khara village.

(a) 1. 201215 

2. 1622 settlement, 1520

(b)1. Radial 

2. Nucleated or compact settlement

(c) 281 is the height of the land whereas 20 is distance stone of the road.

(d) 1. Houses / Huts, cart track 

2. Rivers streams, Hills

(e) 1. It is wide path filled with water or sand to prevent forest fire. 

2. This is river with embankments to save the land from flooding.

(f) Number of squares – 20 1: 50,000 Scale used 2 cm = 1 km Area = 20 cm = 10 km2

(h) 1. Due to presence of brackish wells and water bodies marked in grid 1621. 

2. Causeway is a metalled raised road across a minor stream. A number of causeways are built in these regions is due to presence of numerous minor streams.

(i) Pamgera 1622 presence of PS, PO compact settlement with annual fair.

(j) Cart track, Metalled road, footpath.

1. March to May 

2. High atmospheric pressure

(i)  8216 : 884803,

(ii)  941453

Dendriatic pattern of drainage.

They are Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Penetrating Pricing Policy: According to this pricing policy, in the initial stage low prices are set-up to make the particular brand popular. This strategy is mostly used when there is strong potential competition in market and while launching fast moving consumer goods where demand is highly elastic and to restrict the entry of new competitors in the market. But at the same time the demand goes so high that it becomes difficult for the producer to meet it or the consumers think that the low price product are low in quality. 

Pros: 

1. Penetrating pricing yields high sales turn over and thereby offers the benefits of economies of scale. 

2. A low initial price helps to restrict the entry of new competitors. 

3. The product finds immediate acceptance in the market as common man can afford it. 

4. Penetrating pricing can prolong the life of a product after the cream of the market has been skimmed. 

Cons: 

1. A low price may bring in so much demand which the producer may be unable to meet. 

2. Consumers may interpret low price as a sign of poor quality. 

3. It may be very difficult to increase the price when cost increases. 

4. Low price may not yield adequate profit margin to the producer and the dealers.

The end of the World War-II did not mark the end of conflict in China. However, the defeat of Japan sparked a race between the KMT and CCP to regulate vital resources and population centres in Northern China and Manchuria. 

The CCP and the People’s Liberation Army (PLA; the name by which communist forces were now known) conquered mainland China and on October 1st, 1949, the People’s Republic of China was established, with its capital at Beijing (the city’s former name restored). The factors that brought this about were complex and subjected to widely varying interpretation, but the basic fact remained a communist military triumph growing out of a profound and popularly based revolution. 

The process may be perceived in three phases: 

(1) from August 1945 to the end of 1946, the Nationalists and Communists raced to take over Japanese-held territories, built up their forces, and fought many limited engagements while still conducting negotiations for a peaceful settlement; 

(2) during 1947 and the first half of 1948, after initial Nationalist success, the strategic balance turned in favour of the Communists; and 

(3) the communists won a series of smashing victories beginning in the latter part of 1948 that led to the establishment of the People’s Republic

The Second United Front was the brief alliance between the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang, or KMT) and Communist Party of China (CPC) to resist the Japanese invasion during the Second Sino-Japanese War, which suspended the Chinese Civil War from 1937 to 1941.

Stalin wanted to tighten his grip on the communist satellite states so he formed Come in form.

Dominated by the Kikuyu tribe, Meru tribe and Embu tribe, the Mau Mau fought against the White European Colonist- settlers in Kenya, the British Army, and the local Kenya Regiment.

Mg(NO₃)₂.6H₂O

24 + 14 x 2 + 16 x 6 + 6 x 18 = 256 gm.

% of Mg = \(\frac{24}{256}\times100\) 

= 9.375 %

1. B—Non volatile acid.

2. A—Typical acid property.

3. C—Oxidizing agent.

(i) B = Non-volatile acid 

(ii) A = Typical acid property 

(iii) C = Oxidizing agent

(i) Incorrect term: Ureter. Correct term: Penis. 

(ii) Incorrect term: Epidermis. Correct term: Optic Nerve. 

(iv) Incorrect term: Auditary Nerve. Correct term: Endodermis. 

(v) Incorrect term: Receptors. Correct term: Effectors.

(i) Part labelled ‘A’ is called as ear ossicles. It is made up of three bones malleus, incus and stapes. These ear ossicles transmit the sound waves from external to the internal ear. 

(ii) Part labelled ‘B’ is called as eustachian tube. It acts as ventilator to equalize pressure of air on both the sides of tympanic membrane that forms the outer boundary of middle ear.

(iii) Part labelled ‘C’ is auditory nerve (vestibular and cochlear nerve) which carries hearing impulses to the brain. 

(iv) Ear wax lubricates the tympanum for proper functioning.

(i) Carbon dioxide is considered as an air pollutant. Because it mixses with oxygen present in air and forms carbon monoxide which is harmful to man, vegetation, animals or even buildings. 

(ii) BCG vaccine is given against tuberculosis. DPT vaccine is given against the diseases viz; Diptheria, Pertussis and Tetanus. 

(iii) 1. Illiteracy 

2. Desire for a male child.

The main features of the Emergency declared on 25th June, 1975 are as follows : 

Indira Gandhi imposed Emergency on 25th June, 1975 to safeguard her own position. 

JP and many opposition leaders, such as Kriplani, Morarji Desai, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Lai Krishna Advani were arrested. Members in her own party who opposed her were also arrested. Opposition party organisations, such as Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangha (RSS) and the Communist Party of India (Marxist) were banned and leaders were arrested. 

JP was detained at Chandigarh. In Tamil Nadu, M.K. Karunanidhi government was dissolved and his son M.K. 

Stalin was arrested under Maintenance of Internal Security Act. 

Only Communist Party of India (CPI) supported the Emergency. 

Press was censored. Several other atrocities, such as forced mass-sterlisation was carried out by Sanjay Gandhi, Indira Gandhi’s son. The administration’ used police forces across the country to detain large mass of protestors and demonstrators 

People were detained by police without charge or notification of families. According to Amnesty International, 1,40,000 people had been arrested without trial during twenty months of Indira Gandhi’s Emergency. Detainees and political prisoners were abused and tortured. Public and private media institutions were used for government propaganda.

Develop the following value points and complete the essay. 

• grandparents, a source of joy to us 

• live in a village 

• visited them during last summer vacation 

• was received with great warmth 

• grandmother prepared many dishes of my liking 

• grandfather took me to the round of the village 

• a novel and pleasant experience 

• was given a beautiful pen as a parting gift

Make use of the following hints and write the essay. 

• a hotly debated topic 

• should certainly be abolished 

• life is given by God, He alone has the right to take it back 

• inhuman, cruel 

• inhumanity cannot be countered with inhumanity n 

• every sinner has a future, every saint had a past s n! 

• should be replaced by life imprisonment. 

• term of imprisonment may vary from twenty to two hundred years

Develop the following value points and complete the essay. 

• reality grim, no doubt 

• good films connect us with reality 

• films that make us escape from reality usually worthless 

• derive aesthetic pleasure from watching real tragic scenes 

• all great movies like ‘Pather Panchali’, ‘Do Bigha Zamin’, ‘Mother India’ show us reality 

• of course, some well-made ‘escapist’ movies quite entertaining 

• most of Yash Raj movies escapist but still watchable

Develop the following value points and complete the essay. 

• agree with the statement 

• nice people humble, unassuming, sincere, honest 

• in our world aggressiveness, insincerity, falsehood, corruption, hypocrisy needed for success 

• hence nice people seldom successful 

• successful people—people in power—often rude, boorish and aggressive 

• success makes them haughty

• so successful people seldom nice

(a) Objectives of Moderates: The ultimate objective of the Moderates was to bring constitutional and other reforms in India by presenting their demands before the British in peaceful way. 

Achievements of Moderates: 

1. The moderates saved the Indian masses from being misled. They succeeded in creating national awakening by arousing among people the feeling that they belonged to one common nation India. 

2. They popularized the idea of democracy and civil liberties and representative institution. 

The efforts of the moderates led to the following reforms : The appointment of Public Service Commission in 1886, Simultaneous ICS Examination in London and India, Appointment of 10 to 16 Additional members which were nominated to the G.Gs Council for Law making, The Government come out with the Indian Council Act in 1892 which was an improvement of the Act of 1861 due to the pressure put by the moderates. 

Objectives of Radical nationalists: They believed in the ultimate objective of Swaraj or self-rule. They wanted to put pressure on England through revolutionary methods and political agitation. 

Achievements of Radicals : 

(i) They specified the goal of the national struggle for achieving total independence. 

(ii) They tried to cripple the administration by using methods of non-cooperation and boycott. 

(b) Forerunner—Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Tilak is known as the forerunner of Mahatma Gandhi because the plank of Swadeshi and Boycott used by Gandhiji decades later had been introduced by Tilak. Like Gandhiji he too believed in the strength of the masses and wanted to include all classes of the society to make the National movement strong. Although Tilak was the forerunner of Gandhi yet he differed in respect of methods in achieving goal. While Tilak wanted to use all means to achieve his goal but Gandhiji did not advocate the use of force or violence to achieve the goals. 

(c) Repressive Policies of Lord Curzon: 

(i) The Act of 1898 made it an offence to provoke people against imperial riders. 

(ii) In 1899, Lord Curzon passed the Calcutta Corporation Act by which he increased the number of Englishmen on the list of official members of the corporation. 

International Events : The feelings of nationalism were reinforced by certain events in the international sphere. In 1896, the Italian forces which tried to establish their military control over the freedom loving Abyssinians of Ethiopia were defeated. Japan successfully resisted the Russian onslaught in 1904-1905. This showed that Asians could defeat the European powers. In Russia, revolutionaries challenged the Czarist autocracy in 1905, thereby demonstrating the potential of peoples unity. The Boxer Rising in China against imperialist domination was another example of the courage of subjugated people. The revolutionary movements in Egypt, Turkey and Ireland were also followed with deep interest by the radical section in India. All these events made them realise that imperialism could be crushed, provided the people were united.

Qualities of a good leader are as follows : 

Appreciative: A wise leader values their team and the person. Success is only achieved with the help of others. What’s more, genuine appreciation provides encouragement, develops confidence, and builds on strengths.

Confident: Trust and confidence in leadership is a reliable indicator of employ ee satisfaction. Good leaders aren’t afraid of being challenged. Their confidence inspires.

Compassionate : A good leader uses compassion to perceive the needs of those they leads and to decide a course of action that is of greatest benefit to the person and the team.

Courageous : A courageous leader is prepared to take risks when no one else will. A courageous leader has faith in other people. A courageous leader raises difficult issues, is ready to give difficult feedback, and share unpopular opinions.

(i) The polarity at the end X is North. 

(ii) By increasing the current.

(i) FileOutputStream/DataOutputStream/FileWriter/OutputStream 

(ii) FileReader / DatalnputStream/ InputStream/ FilelnputStream

(i) The rivers and canals should have a regular flow of sufficient water. Diversion of water for irrigation purposes reduces the quantity of water. 

The presence of waterfalls or cataracts and sharp bends in the course of the river hinder the development of waterways.

Silting of the river bed reduces the depth of the water and creates problems for navigation. 

De- silting of river beds is a costly affair.

(ii) Advantage : Waterways are the cheapest means of transport and are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky materials having low specific cost. 

Disadvantage : Water transport cannot compete with the speed of road and rail transport.

Advantage of air transport: It is very essential for a vast country like India where distances are large, and the terrain and the climatic conditions are so diverse. It is the fastest mode of transport which has reduced distances and converted the world into one unit.

Disadvantage of air transport: It is the ‘costliest mode of transport which many people cannot afford.

The value of m and n are 5 which is not equal to 1. It is, for this reason, the first if block is not executed as a result it will jump to the else part where the value of m will be 6 and n will be 4. As m is having Pre Increment operator so the value of m is changed to 6 and the value of n to 4 as it is the Pre Decrement operator.