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1. When a ball is declared a ‘blocked ball’: 

1. When the ball is stopped by a person not engaged in the game. 

2. When the ball touches any objects which is not part oftheoffical equipment. 

3. When the ball touches official playing area. 

2. Umpire calls a strike: 

1. For each legally pitched ball entering the strike zone before touching the ground and at which the batter does not swing. 

2. For each pitched ball struck and missed by the batter. 

3. When an umpire calls a delayed dead ball: 

1. An illegal pitch 

2. Catcher’s obstruction 

3. Plate umpire interference

1. A wide ball: If the bowler bowls the ball far away from the stumps or over the head of the batsman, the umpire will signal the ball as a wide. This gives the whole team extra run and the bowler has to bowl the ball again. 

2. A duck: If the batsman gets out without scoring any run, he is said to be out for a duck. 

3. An appeal: Appeal is the act of a bowler or fielder shouting at the umpire to ask if his last ball took the batsman’s wicket. Usually phrased in the form of howzat (how-is-that?). 

4. A no ball: The bowler must bowl each ball with part of his front most foot behind the popping crease. If he oversteps this mark, he has bowled a no ball.

(i) Appeal : Time of appeals. The umpires shall not give a batsman out unless appealed to by the other side which shall be done prior to the bowler beginning his next delivery. 

An appeal “How’s that” ? shall cover all ways of being out. Answering appeals, the umpire at the bowler’s wicket shall answer appeals before the other umpire in all cases, except those arising out of 35 (Hit wicket) or 39 (Stumped) or 38 (Run out) when this occurs at . the striker’s wicket. 

(ii) Bump Ball: A delivery that bounces very close to the batsman’s foot, after he has played a shot, such that it appears to have come directly from the bat without ground contact. The result is often the appearances of a clean catch.

1. Number of substitutes = 7 and Required number of field players = 5. 

2. Radius of centre circle = 1.80 metres. Height of the board = 2.75 metres. 

3. There is one referee and one or two umpires to conduct a match. 

4. Thickness of the backboard = 30 mm 

Diameter of the ring = 45 cm

Eugenics can be defined as the application of the principles of genetics and inheritance to the improvement of the human race, in order to secure, by analogy with the selective breedings applied from immemorial time to plants and domestic animals, a desirable combination of physical characteristics and mental traits in the offspring of suitable mated parents.

Shavasana commonly known as Corpse Pose in English is a relaxation pose. The Sanskrit name Shavasana is derived from two words, the first Shava, which means Corpse and the second Asana, which means Posture. In Sanskrit, this asana is also known as Mritasana (Dead Man’s Pose) as in this asana, the person lays on the ground like a dead body. It is usually practiced for relaxing the body after performing yoga poses. This asana is highly beneficial for relaxing the mind and the body, along with it there are several other benefits of Shavasana, but first, let’s begin by knowing the steps to practice Shavasana.

Steps to practice Shavasana (Corpse Pose)

It is very important to know the right alignment of the body in an asana to avoid any kind of injury and to attain the maximum benefits of it. Here are the steps to practice Shavasana correctly:

• Lie flat and straight on the back.
• Place both the arms at a distance of 15 cm (approx.) away from the body. Keep both the palms facing in the upward direction. Slightly curl up the fingers a bit.
• Move both the feet a bit, so that they are slightly apart and make you feel comfortable. Then, close both the eyes.
• Keep the head and the spine in a fully straight line.
• Do not let the head shake or fall to one or the other side.
• Stop all kind of physical movement and lay peacefully. Relax the mind and the body.
• Feel each and every breath going in and out; let it be tranquil and soothing for your soul.
• After resting for a few moments, again start feeling the body and the surroundings. Then, gently release the posture and come back to the normal state.

Demerits Shavasana (Corpse Pose)

• Avoid moving the body while practicing this asana as even the slightest movement may disturb the practice.
• Avoid practicing this asana in the disturbing atmosphere as disturbances may disturb the peace of mind.

Merits of Shavasana (Corpse Pose)

• Infuses new vigor and vitality in the body.
• Improves the digestion and stimulates the appetite.
• Improves the blood circulation of the body.
• Removes all kinds of stress, tension and anxiety.
• Helpful in getting rid of depression and other mental problems.
• Balances the functioning of all the abdominal organs.
• Rejuvenates and refreshes the whole mind and body.

Some transmission modes of venereal diseases include :

(i) Use of contaminated needles

(iii) From infected mother to infected child during pregnancy

(iii) Unsafe sex

Venereal diseases transmission: 

• Sexual intercourse contact is the main mode of transmission. 

• Unhygienic habits like sharing of clothes, towels, undergarments, 

• Contaminated toilet seats and even bath water. 

• Infected mother transfers this to baby. 

• Dampness and slump area are the root place of VD.

Full form of ABC : Airway, Breathing and Circulatioa 

Full form of CPR: Cardiopulmonaiy Resuscitation

Effects of Stressors. These stressors occurs as a result of an individuals perception of an event. Along with the perception of an event, the effect of stress also depends on the intensity of stressor. In the same situation. one individual may interpet a stressor as a non-stressor, another individual as a moderate stressor and yet another individual as a major stressor.

Whether it’s your personal new year’s resolutions, your professional development or a new business plan, effective goal setting is crucial for success. Effective goals give you clarity, focus and motivation.

1. Clarity : 

Your goal should be clear and well-defined. This is where the theory of SMART goals can come in handy. Which of these do you think is the clearer, more effective goal? 

Goal 1: Reduce time taken to process invoices. 

Goal 2: Research available software that could reduce the time taken to process invoices on a weekly basis from 3 to 2 hours. Goal 2 provides a clear measure of success (the exact time taken to process invoices) and a clear starting point (researching new software).

2. A Sense of Challenge : 

Your goal should be achievable but it should also stretch you. When a goal is realistic but challenging, it tends to be more motivating and the feeling of achievement when you’ve reached it is more significant. By stepping out of your comfort zone, you may also end up learning or discovering new skills and strengths, which is rewarding in itself.

3. Commitment : 

It seems obvious, but to successfully achieve your goals you need to be fully committed to them. It is this commitment that will keep you going when you encounter obstacles along the way. 

A good way to refocus your commitment, particularly if things get tough, is through the use of a common Positive Psychology technique called Visualization; creating a mental image of what you and your life will be like when you’ve achieved your goal. 

Think about how you feel in this imagined future. What has changed for you? What do you notice about yourself? 

Visualizing the outcome of your hard work and effort is an effective way to strengthen your commitment to your goal.

4. Getting Feedback :

Regular reflection of your progress will help you stay on track, stay motivated and ensure that your goals are still relevant. 

A good place to start a review is with any changes you’ve noticed. This could be changes in your own habits or behaviour, your thought patterns or skill set. It could also be changes in your relationships, the way you communicate or how people respond to you. What do these changes tell you about your progress towards your goal? 

If it feels strange scheduling a review with yourself, why not ask a colleague, friend or mentor to sit down with you and talk through your achievements so far, any challenges, how you worked through them, and what your next steps are. 

A good tip is to build milestones into your action plan. Whenever you reach one of these milestones, pause and review.

5. Managing Complexity :

Whilst a challenging task can be motivating and help you focus, it’s important to give yourself the time and space you need to work through complex tasks. You don’t need to do everything all at once. 

For example, you might have allocated yourself just one day to complete a task. But if you feel low in energy that day, you might end up abandoning it. Instead, try tackling just one element at a time, perhaps devoting just 1 hour every day. This enables you to maximise your energy and maintain your focus when dealing with complex or overwhelming tasks.

Motivation “Drive to strive” 

1. Intrinsic motivation: 

a. learning 

b. Social contact 

c. Curiosity 

d. Respect 

2. Extrinsic motivation: 

a) Salary 

b) Awards 

c) Promotion 

d) Appreciation

Both physical education and general education have same objectives i.e., development of man. To make a complete man i.e., development of both mind and body it requires both the physical and general education.

Physical education is related with merely physical activities or exercises by most of people. They consider it as physical training, drill, games and sports, gymnatics, source of recreation, body building and so on. It is considered as wastage of money and time. Also, they blamed it for creating indiscipline. The general education is considered to be superior over it.

However, if good prevails and due place is given to it in our education system then India can surpass the people of many progressive countries like Russia, America, France and Japan. It has to understand that the physical education is not merely a physical activity like body building but it has a wider aim of total development of an individual i.e., physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual development.

Physical training means the training to keep an individual physically fit, healthy, strong and energetic.

(d) Gymnastics

Man’s development is not possible by separating mind from body. Education in its real sense can be acquired by uniting both mind and body. It is not merely the formal classroom teaching which can make the complete man. General education devoid of physical education is meaningless. It would make man’s life monotonous and dull. Physical education inculcates those qualities in man which ensure his total development. Thus, physical education is an integral part of general education.

According to J.B. Nash, physical education is that phase of the whole field of education that deals with big muscle activities and their related responses.

(a) Yogic exercises

Correct Answer is: (c) Mass drill

Misconception about physical education is that it is merely concerned with physical activités or exercises. It is considered as wastage of time and money. Thus, physical education teachers are not treated at par with the other teachers. The consequence of this is that individuals who do not get physical education are dull and weak.

If these misconceptions are removed and physical education is added to school curriculum in a proper way then Indians can surpass the people of many developed countries like Russia, America, France and Japan. It should be understood that aim of Physical Education is not merely body building by physical activities, but it has a wider aim of hormonious development of an individual. This includes physical development, mental development, emotional development and spiritual development.

The aim of physical education must be to make ‘every child physically, mentally and emotionally fit and also to develop in him such personal and social qualities as will help him to live happily with others and build him up into a good citizen.

(c) Rosalind Cassidy

A. (a) SPD

B. (a) Genetics

C. (c) OCD

(A) = SPD ...

(B) = GENETIC'S .. 

(C) = OCD .. 

HOPE IT HELP'S..

1. (b) disability etiquette

2. (a) Shake hands

3. (c) patience

4. (a) Normal tone

5. (a) Introduce yourself first

A. (c) Increase in depression

B. (a) a–iii, b–i, c–ii, d–iv

C. (a) Inclusive education

1. (a) ODD

2. (a) Arguing

3. (a) ODD

4. (a) ODD

5. (d) accident

A. (c) Divyang

B. (b) Oppositional deficient disorder

C. (b) Calmness

(i) Bouncer : In a game of cricket, a bouncer is a type of delivery in which a ball pitched short by a fast bowler so that it rises up to the batsman’s chest or head (or even higher). 

(ii) Lost Ball : The ball which is hit by the batsman is gone out of the field and fielder is not able to find it is called lost ball.

1. A bouncer is a type of delivery which is pitched short so that it bounces on the pitch well short of the batsman and rears upto chest or head height as it reaches the batsman. 

2. Third Umpire: The third umpire (or TV umpire) is an off-field umpire who makes the final decision in matters referred to him by the two on-field umpires. 

3. Scorers: The scorer is someone appointed to record all runs scored, all wickets taken, the number of overs bowled. 

4. A Hat-trick: A hat-trick is when a bowler takes three wickets on consecutive deliveries, dismissing three different batsmen.

1. Colours of Ball: 

Test match — Red 

One day match — White. 

Red Colour Ball: Red colour ball retains its colour till completion of 80 overs and the batsman can easily pick this ball in test matches. 

White Colour Ball: White colour ball is more visible in flood light than red colour ball. 

2. Follow on: When a team bats first and leads by at least 200 runs in 5 days’ match. 150 runs in 3 day match. 100 runs in 2 day match. In a one day match with two innings per side, 75 runs. 

3. 

1. Obstructing the field — Out 

2. Hitting the ball twice — Out.

1. When a ball in play cannot be found or recovered, any fielder may call lost ball. When “lost ball” is called the batting side fixes a penalty that would have been in fact run before the call of lost ball was made. 

2. Three situations when the ball is considered a dead ball: 

1. If it lodges in an umpire’s clothing. 

2. If it hits any equipment kept in the field. 

3. If it reaches the batsman in more than one tip on the ground after been released from bowler’s hand. 

3. Three situations when an inning is said to be complete: 

1. When 10 batsmen of the batting team are declared out. 

2. In one day cricket match, when prescribed overs are completed. 

3. When the given target of runs is achieved by the batting side.

1. When the ball becomes defective during the game, referee stops the game and changes the ball. 

2. Time lost during the play: 

1. In injury. 

2. In substitution. 

3. In fouls. 

3. Indirect Free Kick: It is given when some foul or injury to player has occurred outside the penalty area. 

4. Colours of warning card shown during the match are Red and Yellow: 

1. Yellow Card: It indicats a caution to a player. 

2. Red Card: It indicates that the player to be sent off the game or disqualification of a player.

• Throw in Kick off After goal, Half-time and coach

• Dropped ball extra time if needed

• Comer kick

(i) Follow-On: It is given in a test match when batting team cannot score sufficient runs and the lead is more than 200 runs, it may be given follow-on or to bat again. 

(ii) A player from batting fielding side is replaced with a new player. In super substitute this replaced player can bat or field or bowl (with certain conditions). This is also referred to as twelfth man. 

(iii) Ball Tampering : It is the intentional damage to the ball by the fielding players to get undue advantage in the swing of the ball during bowling. 

(iv) Third Umpire or TV Umpire is an off-field umpire who makes the final decision in questions referred to him by the two on-field umpires. Television replays are available to the third umpire to assist him in coming to a decision. An on-field umpire can, at his own discretion, use a radio link to refer any close decision concerning dismissals (catches, run outs or stumping) or boundaries to the third umpire. The official who witnesses the match with high-tech apparatus and responsible for crucial or complicate decisions when in need.

1. Weight of the ball = 260 to 280 gms 

2. Circumference of the ball = 65 to 67 gms 

3. Air pressure of the ball = 0.3 – 0.325 kgf/cm₂

1. Weight of the ball = 156 – 163 gms. Circumference of ball = 22.4 – 22.9 cm 

2. Length of cricket bat = 96.5 cm Maximum width of cricket bat = 10.8 cm 

3. Height of stumps = 71.1 cm Breadth of stumps = 22.8 cm 

4. Distance between stumps = 22 yards Distance of inner circle from wickets = 30 yards

1. Three methods of restarting the game: 

1. By the dropped ball 

2. By the throw in 

3. By the corner kick. 

2. Direct free kick is awarded: 

1. When any player kicks or attempts to kick an opponent. 

2. Jumps at an opponent 

3. Charges an opponent. 

3. Fouls for which red card is shown to a player: 

1. He spits at an opponent or any Other person. 

2. When he is guilty of serious foul play. 

3. Receives a second caution in the same match.

1. Weight of ball = 410 – 450 gms 

Circumference of ball = 68-70 cm 

2. Minimum number of players to begin the match = 7 players 

Maximum number of players = 11 players. 

3. Federation Internationale de Football Association. 

4. Distance of penalty point from goal line = 11 metres. 

Heigbt of Corner flags = 1.5m (5 feet)

1. A blind pass is a pass from a ball handler who does not look at the receiver while delivering the pass. 

2. A freeze is a form in basketball when the ball comes in the possession of two opponent players, i.e., one player from each team simultaneously. 

3. An extra time is given to conclude the match. In this, all fouls that are committed at the end of play time is considered to have occurred during an interval of play and the free throws are administered before the beginning of the extra time. 

4. A post player who is standing comparatively near to the basket.

A. (b) 09

B. (c) Seeding method

C. (a)

(a) 

1. The width of all lines drawn on the football field is 12 cm, i.e., 5 inches. 

2. A penalty arc is an arc of circle from the penalty mark outside the penalty area. It is important because the ball is kept in this penalty arc to take the penalty kicks. 

3. The position of the ball and players during penalty kick is as follows: 

1. Ball: Placed on the penalty mark. 

2. Kicker: Properly identified while taking the penalty kick. 

3. Defending Goal Keeper: Remains on his goal line, facing the kicker, between goalposts until the ball has been kicked. 

4. Other Players: Atleast 9.15 m away from penalty mark. 

(b) 

1. The ball comes in play again after the goal kick made by the player of the opposing team. The kicker does not play the ball a second time until it has touched another player. 

2. The three situations when the kick-off is applied are: 

1. During the start of the game. 

2. At the start of each period of extra time, where applicable. 

3. Just after a goal has been scored. 

3. The three offences for which yellow card is shown to a player are: 

1. Striking an opponent. 

2. For playing a dangerous illegal play. 

3. Swearing at an official amongst others. 

(c) 

1. The four situations when a player is not offside when he receives the ball are: 

1. Directly from a goal kick. 

2. Directly from a corner-kick. 

3. Directly from a throw-in. 

4. Nearer to his opponents’ goal line than both the ball and the second last opponent.

(i) Free throw line or 9-m line is a broken line, drawn 3-m outside the goal area line. This line should be parallel to the goal line. 

(ii) Fast-break is a situation when the defence gains possession of the ball because of blocked shot, interception or rule violations, and the team is at that moment in a position to begin a fast break. 

(iii) Screen means the players of the serving team preventing their opponents from seeing the ball.

(iv) Safety zone is the area surrounding the playing court, with a width of at least 1m along the side lines and 2m behind the goal lines.

1. Length of field = 90 – 120 mts. 

Breadth of field = 45 – 90 mts. 

2. Duration of match — 90 minutes (two equal periods of 45 minutes). 

Duration of extra time — 30 minutes. 

when the winner is not decided or match is tied. 

3. Breadth of the goalpost — 7.28 metre (2.4 feet) 

Height of the goalpost — 2.4 metre (8 feet) 

4. Radius of centre circle = 9.15 mts 

Radius of Corner arc = 1.00 mt.

(i) The length of the Touch line must be greater than the length of the goal line. Length (touch line): minimum 90 m (100 yds.) and maximum 120 m (130 yds.) 

Width (goal line): minimum 45 m (50 yds.) and maximum 90 m (100 yds.) All lines must be of the same width, which must not be more than 12 cm (5 ins). 

(ii) Length is 40.20 meters (44 yards) and Breadth is 16.45 metres (18 yards) 

(iii) Radius of Penalty Arc is 9.14 metres (10yards) and Comer Arc 91 centimetres ( lyards) 

(iv) Duration of match = 2 halves of 45 minutes (M) and 40 minutes (W) Extra time = 2 halves of 15 minutes

1. (a) Partially

2. (a) Reactive

3. (b) Jung Classification

1. Length of field = 40 metres, Breadth of field = 20 metres, 

2. For Male: 

Weight of ball = 425 – 475 gms Circumference of ball = 58-60 cms 

For Female: Weight of ball = 325 – 375 gms Circumference of ball = 54 – 56 cms 

3. Duration of game: 2 halves of 30 minutes for men 2 halves of 25 minutes for women. [Duration of extra time is 2 halves of 5 minutes.]

4. Number of Players: Maximum of 14 players (6 court players, 1 goal-keeper, and 7 substitutes) 

Number of officials: 2 Referee, 1 Score, and 1 Time-Keeper.

(i) Shuffling is a drill used by the players in which players follow step-slide movement in a defensive stance quickly walking in each direction.

(ii) Goal area is the area including the goal area line. It can only be entered by the goalkeeper. If any part of the body of court player touches the goal area, it is considered to be entered.  

(iii) A throw-off is used to start play at the beginning of each half or after a goal has been scored. 

(iv) Exclusion is the equivalent to three 2-minute suspensions. An excluded player must leave court and bench, but the team can replace player after the 2-minute suspension expires.

It is permitted to throw, catch, stop, push or hit the ball, by using hands (open or closed), arms, head, torso, thighs and knees.