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251.

What is meant by productive and unproductive population?

Answer»

The classification of Indian population into various age groups is called age- wise population of India.

The total population is divided into three age groups. They are:

  1. 0-14 years,
  2. 15-64 years and
  3. 65 and more

The population in the age group of 15-64 years is known as the productive population. The economic development of the country depends on this population.

The population in the age group of 0-14 years and 65+ years is known as the unproductive population because such population generally belongs to the non-working category.

252.

In a population pyramid, the youngest age group is shown at the bottom.

Answer»

In a population pyramid, the youngest age group is shown at the bottom.

True.

253.

An adverse sex ratio shows the high position given to women in society.

Answer»

False.

An adverse sex ratio shows the low position given to women in society.

254.

What has been the basic cause for all the problems?

Answer»

Population explosion or say population rise.

255.

Define population growth rate.

Answer»

The rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period is called population growth rate.

256.

What is meant by working and non working population?

Answer»

The number of people working out of the total population is known as working population. Generally people in the age group 15-64 years are included in working population.

Those people who do not contribute anything in the productive activities of the country are known as non-working population. For example, children and old people.

257.

List down the different measures to control population.

Answer»
  1. Mass education and awareness
  2. impact of fami|y Panning program,
  3. Increasing the age of marriage and raising the status of women,
  4. incentives and disincentives and
  5. Expansion in medical services and its growing effectiveness.
258.

How encouragement and discouragement measures of government control population?

Answer»

Encouragement and discouragement:

  • The encouragement and discouragement offered by the Government play a very important role in family planning. For example, government gives financial compensation to those couples who undergo sterilization.
  • To discourage the rising population China has adopted a policy in which if a couple has more than two children than the government withdraws several facilities from that couple. However, China has relaxed this policy to some extent. This discourages the couples to give birth to more than 1 child. Similar policy can be adopted in India as well.
  • In India, people contesting for local self-government elections are disqualified if they have more than two children.
259.

Transport facilities have reduced death-rate. Explain.

Answer»

Protection against natural calamities and transportation facilities:

  • Earlier natural calamities like earth quake, tsunami, landslides, floods, famines, floods, etc. led to high death-rate.
  • Our transportation facilities have become very fast. So, if a natural calamity takes place in any part of the country, then we can provide immediate relief to the affected region from another region. We can now quickly transport basic requirement like food grains, medicines, etc. to the affected region. This has reduced the death-rate.
260.

Define population policy.

Answer»

A population policy is a policy framed by a country’s government in order to take its population to a level that it feels is optimal.

261.

Which is the best method of population control?

Answer»

Awareness and mass education related to population control.

262.

What are the reasons for high fertility rate in India?

Answer»

(a) Early marriage leads to longer fertility period for women and

(b) A very less number of women belonging to this fertile group are unmarried.

263.

How does a person’s ignorance towards family planning increases birth-rate?

Answer»

Lack of family planning information:

  • The decisions taken regarding the size of family and maintaining gap between two children based on proper understanding i.e. a planned parenthood is called family planning.
  • In India, poverty, social customs and religious beliefs combined with low level of education worked as obstacles to family planning.
  • Lack of knowledge regarding the tools of family planning and sometimes scarcity of such tools also leads to high birth-rate
264.

How does rural joint family system increases birth-rate?

Answer»

Joint family system:

  • People in rural areas mainly live in joint families.
  • When a child is born the financial responsibility, as well as the responsibility of raising that child, is shared by all the members of the family. Hence, the child does not become a burden and so people do not hesitate to give births. This increases the overall birth-rate.
265.

Explain the relation of joint family system with that of birth rate.

Answer»

Joint family system leads to high birth rate. When a child is born the financial responsibility, as well as the responsibility of raising that child, is shared by all the members of the family. Hence, the child does not become a burden and so people do not hesitate to give births. This increases the overall birth-rate.

266.

Fear of society’s taunts increases birth-rate. Explain.

Answer»

Universality of marriage:

  • In India marriage is a religious ritual. The society doubts an unmarried person and raises various questions about his/her singlehood.
  • Many a times to escape from this, a man and a woman enter into the institution of marriage. Even disabled people are no exceptions.
  • The number of woman marrying in India is high compared to woman of developed countries. Marriages then lead to rise in birth of children.
267.

Explain an important measure implemented by China for population control.

Answer»

To discourage the rising population China has adopted a policy in which if a couple has more than two children than the government withdraws several facilities from that couple.

268.

State the highlights of National Population Policy 2000.

Answer»
  • India framed its National Population Policy in 2000 under the chairmanship of Dr. M.S Swaminathan.-
  • Under this policy India made various changes in its programme related to family planning.
  • India decided to give more focus on preventing unwanted pregnancy by adopting suitable preventive methods rather than giving undue importance to sterilization.
  • Special emphasis was given on upliftment of women.
  • Proposal was made to increase the age of marriage for women from 18 to 20 years.
269.

What changes were made in the family planning programme in the population policy, 2000?

Answer»

It was decided to give more focus on preventing unwanted pregnancy by adopting suitable preventive methods rather than giving undue importance to sterilization.

270.

In which year’s population policy was the upliftment of women emphasized?(A) 1991(B) 2001(C) 2000(D) 2005

Answer»

Correct option is (C) 2000

271.

Population increases because of transportation facilities.

Answer»

1. The development of roads and railways makes the region more accessible.

2. Such areas provide favourable conditions for the development and manufacturing industries, which generate employment. Therefore, people from different areas migrate in search of jobs. Thus, such areas become densely populated. 

For example, Gangetic plain of India, where the density of roads and railways is highest in India.

3. Population increases in port cities due to availability of sea transport for the development of trade. Therefore, the coastal region is densely populated. 

For example, many port cities like Chennai, Mumbai are developed on the east and west coast of India.

4. Thus, population increases because of transportation facilities.

272.

Impact of transportation on distribution of population.

Answer»

1. Availability of transport facilities is also an important human factor which affect the distribution of population in 

2. Roads and railways are two important means of transportation. They increase accessibility to the region and provide facilities for the movement of people goods. Thus, developing trade and generating employment opportunities. Hence, population in such areas increases.

3. For example, density of roads and railways is very high in Uttar Pradesh and therefore it is one of the most densely populated state of India.

4. In some areas due to growth of sea transport, development of port cities and trade takes place. There is also an increase in the transport facilities connecting to the surrounding areas. Therefore, population in coastal areas increases. 

For example, port cities on eastern and western coastal of India are densely populated.

5. On the other hand, due to lack of transport facilities areas become inaccessible, movement of goods and people become costly and require more time and hence such areas are thinly populated.

273.

How has the standard of living of people in India improved and what has it resulted to?

Answer»

Rise in economic development has led to rise in people’s income which in turn has increased their standard of living. People of our country have now started getting better quality food grains, better housing, health care and education which has led to decrease in death-rate.

274.

How control over draughts has resulted in low-death rate in India?

Answer»

Control over drought:

  • With advancement in science and technology we have gained control over droughts. As a result, the deaths caused by hunger do not take place now.
  • Due to green revolution we could increase our supply of food grains considerably after 1966. Food grains can be easily transported from abundant areas to scarce areas and thus we could prevent deaths related to starvation in draught hit areas.
275.

Describe the basic factors affecting the population of India.

Answer»

The basic factors affecting the population of India are: 

(i) Birth rate- It is the number of births per 1000 individuals of a country’s population per annum. It increases both population size and population density. 

(ii) Death rate- It is expressed as the number of deaths per 1000 individuals of a nation’s population per year. It decreases both population size and density. 

(iii) Immigration- It is the entry of more individuals into a local population of a species in a specific area from outside due to more favourable conditions in that area. 

(iv) Emigration- It is the departure of some individuals from a local population to another area due to unfavourable conditions in the former. It decreases population size of that area.

276.

Name one scheme launched by the government of India that works towards generating awareness and improving the efficiency of welfare services meant for women in the country.

Answer» Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (Save girl child, educate girl child).
277.

What leads to unfavourable sex ratio at some places ? Name few social practices leading to it ?

Answer»

Gender discrimination is the major cause of unfavourable sex ratio which gives women a lower status in society. 

Few social practices leading to unfavourable sex ratio are

1. Female Foeticide 

2. Female infanticide 

3. Domestic violence.

278.

What is the most effective way to show the age and sex structure of a population ?

Answer» Population pyramid or Age-sex Pyramid.
279.

Distinguish between productive and dependent population.

Answer»

By productive population we mean those persons who follow different professions and earn money. Children and old persons are included in the dependent persons.

280.

Which languages of India are of Dravidian origin?

Answer»
  1. Tamil in Tamil Nadu State
  2. Telugu in Andhra Pradesh
  3. Kannada in Karnataka
  4. Malayalam in Kerala
281.

Name four racial groups living in India.

Answer»

The racial groups living in India are:

  • Dravid, Mangol,
  • Arya, Caucasiun
282.

Age and Sex Pyramid:1. What is this figure called? What is it always known as?2. What does the graph depict?3. In which country is the proportion of adults more?4. ‘This country’s population is getting slowly older’. Which country is being referred to? Why?5. In which country are the number of children comparatively more?6. While comparing the age-sex pyramids, which pyramid has a broader base?

Answer»

1. The figure is called the Age-Sex Pyramid. It is also known as Population Pyramid.

2. The graph depicts the percentage of male and female population of various age groups in Brazil & India for the year 2016.

3. The proportion of adults is comparatively more in India.

4. This country’s population is getting slowly older The country being referred to is Brazil. As compared to India, a larger percentage of Brazil’s population falls in the above 60 years age group. So it is said that Brazil’s population is getting slowly older.

5. The proportion of children is comparatively more in India.

6. While comparing the age-sex pyramids, India’s pyramid has a broader base.

283.

What are the advantages of having a healthy population?

Answer»

A healthy population helps in building a productive workforce for the country. Even the non-productive age group needs to be healthy to reduce the burden of healthcare. Healthy children would grow into healthy adults and would be able to contribute better in the economy. Healthy elders would mean less strain on the resources.

284.

To which population category India belongs?A. Low birth rate and low mortality rateB. Low birth rate and high mortality rateC. High birth rate and low mortality rateD. High birth rate and high mortality rate

Answer» Correct Answer - C
285.

Most populous country of the world is:A. IndiaB. ChinaC. Bangla DeshD. Indonesia

Answer» Correct Answer - B
286.

If the proportion of dependent age groups increases in the composition of population, how will it affect the economy of a country?

Answer»

(i) If the proportion of dependent age groups increases in the composition of population, it will have an adverse effect on the economy of a country.

(ii) The reason is if the working population is less, the economic activities will reduce and will have a direct impact on the economic growth and development of that nation.

(iii) The production will decrease in comparison to consumption leading to inflation also the per capita income and GDP will decrease.

(iv) Export will reduce and imports will increase. 

(v) The proportion of the working population will increase, slowing down the pace of development.

287.

In India the population control programme launched in:A. 1955B. 1976C. 1951D. 1987

Answer» Correct Answer - C
288.

What are the measures taken by the NPP 2000 to protect adolescent population?

Answer»
  • Besides nutritional requirements, the policy puts greater emphasis on other important needs of adolescence including protection from unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STD). 
  • It called for programmes that aim towards encouraging delayed marriage and child bearing, education of adolescence about the risks of unprotected sex, making contraceptive services accessible and affordable, providing food supplements, nutritional services, strengthening legal measures to prevent child marriage. 
289.

Give geographical reasons:The average life expectancy in India is increasing.

Answer»

(i) Earlier the average life expectancy in India was low due to, lack of medical facilities which lead to high incidence of diseases and epidemics like chicken pox, malaria, cholera, etc.

(ii) Today with improvement in access to medical facilities and improvement in technology, diseases and epidemics are controlled.

(iii) Also today people in India have an improved standard of living, they eat nutritious food and there is awareness of good health.

All this has led to increase in average life expectancy in India.

290.

What is meant by in-migration?

Answer»

Migration of people in a particular region from outside regions is known as in-migration.

291.

Arrange these six events according to the difference in the relative distance between the new and old location.

Answer»
New locationOld locationPerson migrated
USAPuneRitika
MumbaiNorth Indian townRamprasad
SholapurSataraLatika
NashikPimpalwadiRitesh

Relative distance travelled by Sahmat and Babanrao is very vague and therefore it is not included in the above table.

292.

Make a list of reasons for leaving the original location.

Answer»
Reasons for leaving placeName of person who left
EconomicRamprasad and Ritika
PoliticalSahmat
PhysicalBabanrao
SocialRitesh and Latika
293.

What are the main reasons of migration?

Answer»

1. Migration in search of employment.

2. Migration to find land for agriculture.

3. Migration for religious freedom.

4. Migration in the hope of more income.

5. Migration due to some pressure or any other reason.

6. People migrate for political freedom.

7. Migration to do marriage.

8. Rural people migrate to urban areas in search of better facilities.

294.

Classify the reasons into willing and reluctant migration.

Answer»
WillingReluctantPerson migrated
EconomicRamprasad, Ritika
PoliticalSahmat
PhysicalBabanrao
SocialRitesh, Latika
295.

You have already made a list of the reasons why migration occurs. Add more reasons to it. Discuss and classify these reasons into pull and push factors and complete the Table.

Answer»
Push factor (Donor Region)Pull factor (Recipient Region)
(1) Lack of employment(1) Chances of unemployment
(2) Natural calamities(2) Increase in number of refugees
(3) Lack of education, health and entertainment facilities(3) Pressure on educational, medical and entertainment facilities
296.

Have a discussion on migration and development.

Answer»

1. Out-migration leads to a shortage of manpower/labour supply. This in turn adversely affects the development of the region from where out-migration has occurred. 

2. In-migration leads to increase in population of a region in which in-migration has occurred. This too, adversely affects the development of the respective region. 

3. The migration up to certain extent increases the mobility of labourer and it boosts the development of a particular region.

297.

In which types of occupations are people in urban areas involved?

Answer»

People in urban areas are involved in secondary and tertiary occupations.

298.

Why is too much attention and care required for adolescent population?

Answer»

• Adolescent population constitutes 1/5th of the total population of India. Adolescents are generally grouped in the age group of 10-19 yrs. They are the most important resources of the future. 

• Nutrition requirement of adolescents are higher than those of a normal child or adult. 

• Poor nutrition can lead to deficiency and stunted growth but in India, the diet available to adolescents is inadequate in all nutrients. A large number of adolescent girls suffer from anemia. Their problems have so far not received adequate attention in the process of development. 

299.

Who put forth the concept of Human Development Index?

Answer»

Mahbub Ul Haq and Amartya Sen put forth the concept of Human Development Index.

300.

Why do we need high literacy rate in a country? Who is a literate person?

Answer»

1. Literacy is a very important quality of a population. Only an informed and educated citizen can make intelligent choices and undertake research and development projects. Low levels of literacy rate are a serious obstacle for economic improvement. 

2. According to census of 2001, a person aged 7 yrs and above can read and write with understanding in any language, is treated as literate.