Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

Dutch inhabitants belonged to Holland (The Netherlands). 

सही विकल्प है (B) राष्ट्रपति

सही विकल्प है (C) राष्ट्रपति

सही विकल्प है (D) राष्ट्रपति

सही विकल्प है (B) लोकसभा

राज्यसभा एक स्थायी सदन, वह कभी भंग नहीं होता है ।

• विधेयक को कानून बनाने में राज्यसभा की भी महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका होती है ।
• सरकार के मंत्रीमंडल में राज्यसभा के सदस्य भी होते है ।
• किसी भी विधेयक तीनों वाचन राज्यसभा में भी होते हैं ।
• कोई भी विधेयक वित्तीय विधेयक राज्यसभा को पास करके 14 दिनों के अन्दर लोकसभा में वापिस भेजना होता है यदि ऐसा नहीं हो तो उसे पास हुआ मान लिया जाता हैं ।
• इस दृष्टि से राज्यसभा की स्थिति गौण है ।
• लोकसभा किसी भी विधेयक के विषय में राज्यसभा की सिफारिशें मानने के लिए बाध्य नहीं है ।

(C) राष्ट्रपति

सही विकल्प है (A) राज्यपाल

प्रधानमंत्री संघ सरकार का वास्तव में कार्यपालिका का अध्यक्ष होता है । वास्तव में राष्ट्रपति की सत्ताओं को व्यवहार में प्रधानमंत्री के नेतृत्व में मंत्रीपरिषद ही भोगती है।

• प्रधानमंत्री मंत्रियों के विभागों का विभाजन करता है ।
• प्रधानमंत्री मंत्रीपरिषद की बैठकों की अध्यक्षता करते है ।
• वे सरकार के नीतिगत निर्णय लेते है; भिन्न-भिन्न विभागों के कामकाज का संकलन करते हैं ।
• ओहदे के आधार पर योजना आयोग के अध्यक्ष होते है ।
• प्रधानमंत्री का स्थान सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण होने के कारण प्रधानमंत्री के नाम से ही सरकार की पहचान होती है ।
• प्रधानमंत्री मंत्री परिषद के नेता होते है ।
• मंत्री परिषद अपने संयुक्त दायित्व के सिद्धान्त के अनुसार कार्य करती हैं और संयुक्त रुप से लोकसभा के प्रति उत्तरदायी होती है ।

सही विकल्प है (D) गाँधीनगर

सही विकल्प है (A) राष्ट्रपति

सही विकल्प है (B) उपराष्ट्रपति

Europeans who came to India during the 15^th century to the 17^th century were :

1. Portuguese from Portugal,
2. Dutch from Holland (The Netherlands),
3. Danish from Denmark,
4. British from England and
5. French from France.

• Harshvardhana was born in 606 A.D.
• His father Prabhakarvardhana was the king of Thaneshwar (presently Punjab and Haryana).
• When Prabhakarvardhana died, the elder brother of Harshvardhana, Rajyavardhana, came to the throne.
• The two brothers had a sister called Rajyashree.
• Devgupta, the King of Malwa killed Rajyashree’s husband and imprisoned her.
• To take revenge, Rajyavardhana attacked Malwa. But, meanwhile, Shashank, the King of Gauda region, murdered Rajyavardhana using dishonest means.
• Hence, there was no one to beseat the throne of Thaneshwar.
• So, on the advice of the leaders of the state, Harshvardhana became the King of Thaneshwar.

विधानसभा के अध्यक्ष और उपाध्यक्ष का चुनाव विधानसभा सदस्य करते हैं ।

राज्य की विधानसभा में बहुमत प्राप्त दल की सरकार बनती है । कार्यपालिका विधानसभा के प्रति उत्तरदायी होती है ।

• विधानसभा राज्य के लिए नये कानून बनाने तथा पुराने कानूनों में संशोधन करने का कार्य करती है ।
• कोई भी सामान्य और वित्तिय विधेयक विधानसभा में पास होना अनिवार्य है ।

सही विकल्प है (C) 5

सही विकल्प है (B) मुख्यमंत्री

सामान्य विधेयक संसद के किसी भी सदन को प्रस्तुत किया जा सकता है ।

• सामान्य विधेयक मंत्री अथवा किसी भी सदस्य द्वारा प्रस्तुत किया जा सकता है।
• विधेयक को प्रस्तुत करने से पहले, जिस सदन में प्रस्तुत करना होता है उसके अध्यक्ष की अनुमति लेनी पड़ती है ।
• एक सदन में विधेयक, तीन बार की वाचन प्रक्रिया को पूर्ण करने के बाद दूसरे सदन में जाता है ।
• दूसरे सदन में, विधेयक तीन बार वाचनों से गुजरने के बाद यह माना जाता है कि उसे दोनों सदनों ने पारित कर लिया । इसके बाद राष्ट्रपति की मंजूरी के बाद वह विधेयक कानून बन जाता है ।
• यदि विधेयक के विषय में दोनों सदनों में सहमति न हो तो राष्ट्रपति संसद के दोनों सदनों की बैठक आयोजित करता है, जिससे बहुमति से पारित हो सके ।
• राष्ट्रपति दोनों सदनों द्वारा पारित किये गये विधेयक को स्वीकार कर सकता है, अथवा पुनर्विचार के लिए संसद में वापिस भेज सकता है ।
• पुनर्विचार के लिए आये हुए विधेयक में संशोधन सहित अथवा बिना किसी संशोधन के राष्ट्रपति को पुनःमंजूरी हेतु भेजा गया विधेयक स्वीकार करना पड़ता है ।
• राष्ट्रपति की मंजूरी प्राप्त होते ही विधेयक कानून स्वरूप ले लेता है ।

सही विकल्प है (B) राज्यपाल

सरकार का सबसे कार्यशील अंग है इसमें राष्ट्रपति, उपराष्ट्रपति, प्रधानमंत्री और मंत्रीमण्डल का समावेश होता है ।

सही विकल्प है (A) डॉ. राधाकृष्णन

सही विकल्प है (C) उपराष्ट्रपति

Public welfare:

• Harshvardhana’s prime focus was the welfare of his subjects.
• Infact, Harshvardhana would get so much engrossed in public welfare that he would forget to take his meals.
• He built many rest houses, inns, step wells, well, lakes, mathas, chaityas and viharas for the welfare of his people.

State administration:

Harshvardhana used to keep personal watch on the administration of his state.

• He was very just and regular in conducting his administrative duties.
• He used to travel extensively in different parts of his empire to supervise the administration of his kingdom.
• He had sub-divided his administration work among different posts like the state commander of the army, Pratihara (Dwarpal), Sandhivigrahika (Foreign Minister), Rajdoot (Messenger), Parrajya Mantri (Minister of External Affairs), Maha Dandanayka (Chief Justice), Aksharpatalika (Registrar), etc.
• All these people helped in speedy and efficient administration of the state.

सही विकल्प है (D) ये तीनों ही सत्य है ।

राज्यपाल की स्वीकृति मिलते ही विधेयक कानून बनता है ।

व्यक्ति भारत का नागरिक होना चाहिए, सरकारी लाभ के पद पर न हो, 25 वर्ष की उम्र पूरी कर चुका हो, पागल, कोड़ी दिवालिया न हो ।

• Nalanda Vidhyapith was a renowned university in the kingdom of Harshvardhana.
• Harshvardhana provided all the amenities and aid to Acharaya Shilbhadra, the in-charge of
• Vidhyapith, so that Nalanda could be made a world famous university.
• He gave 100 villages for the maintenance and financial aid of Nalanda Vidhyapith.
• The famous alchemist, Acharaya Nagarjuna, who proved that iron, arsenic and mercury could be used as medicine belonged to the Nalanda Vidhyapith.
• King Harshvardhana provided education, lodging and boarding free of cost to all the students of the Vidhyapith.
• There was a grand and royal library of the Vidhyapith which was called ‘Dharmaganj’,
• With the efforts of King Harshvardhana, Nalanda Vidhyapith became world famous.
• Students from across the globe flocked to study here.
• However, only those who could clear the entrance test were granted admission in this renowned university.

• King Harshvardhana organized a religious congregation at Prayag every five years.
• He donated lavishly in this congregation.
• In fact, he used to donate his entire treasury in this congregation.
• He would even donate the ornaments on his body and give them away as charity during the congregation.
• Thus, Harshvardhana can be considered a great donor.

(C) Acharaya Shilbhadra

Correct option is (B) 100

Modern universities in India do not have such infrastructures and academic courses like Nalanda University. Apart from that, Nalanda University has a rich historical background, and present day universities do not have such historical importance.

Religious duties:

• King Harshvardhana was a very religious person.
• He held a Buddhist religious meeting in his kingdom every year.
• Every five years, he organized a religious congregation at Prayag.
• He donated lavishly in this congregation.
• In fact, he used to donate his entire treasury in the congregation.
• He would even donate the ornaments on his body and give them away as charity during the congregation.
• He even prohibited killing of animals.

• Harshvardhana was the king of most of the regions of north India.
• Hence, he wanted to expand his kingdom till south India.
• On the other hand, Pulkeshi II was the king of the regions of south India.
• Hence he wanted to expand his kingdom till north India.
• When Harshvardhana left with his army to attack Pulkeshi II, at the same time the latter also left with his army to attack Harshvardhana.
• Both the armies met at Narmada.
• This led into a great war.
• Pulkeshi II defeated Harshvardhana in the war.
• Hence, Harshvardhana could not expand his kingdom.
• However, Harshvardhana was a contented king. He was not greedy.
• So he never thought of fighting with Pulkeshi II again.
• He preferred to return to his kingdom and administer his regions well.

Correct option is (C) Kamrup

Ornaments, states, carved wooden pieces, ivory, etc.

Trade and commerce:

Internal and external trade was carried on by the Vaishyas. Gold and silver coins were used as currency. People exported various things like ornaments, statues, ivory pieces, carved wooden pieces, etc. Thus, India was a prosperous country. Also, during Harshvardhana’s reign, people had good business relations with Rome due to which lots of gold came to India. Harshvardhana built a highway for the transportation of goods, right from Patliputra to Brugu Kachchh Port (presently Bharuch).

Thus, overally people lived a very simple yet prosperous life in the reign of King Harshvardhana.

इसका फैसला राज्य स्वतः करता है ।

बिहार, महाराष्ट्र, कर्णाटक, उत्तर प्रदेश, तमिलनाडू राज्यों में विधान परिषद हैं ।

सही विकल्प है (D) 5 वर्ष

Art:

Pulkeshi II, the brave ruler, was very fond of art.

• The caves of Vatapi and Dharapurai were built during his time.
• The world famous paintings on the walls of Ajanta caves were also done during his time.
• Huen-Tsang once visited the royal court of Pulkeshi II. He could not stop praising the king’s love for art after seeing his court.

Religion:

• Pulkeshi II was a follower of Hindu religion.
• Hardly, a few people followed Buddhism in his time.
• The impact of one of the sects of Jainism called ‘Digambar’ increased in the reign of Pulkeshi II.

Education, lodging and boarding.

Because Pulkeshi’s army was more powerful than that of Harsha.

Correct option is (C) 5

• As a king, Harshvardhana can be considered better than Pulkeshi II.
• Harshvardhana was ambitious, valiant, religious and lover of art as well as education.
• He was equally fond of literature.
• Also, he was a great donor.
• He made various constructions for the welfare of his public.
• His subjects were very happy, satisfied and prosperous.
• Harshvardhana had a deep knowledge about the rule, administration and welfare of his kingdom.
• He had appointed various ministers to look after his kingdom.
• Thus, he was an efficient king.
• On the other hand, Pulkeshi II was an over ambitious king.
• He spent most of his time in expanding his kingdom by conquering new territories.
• Hence, he did not find enough time for administration and public welfare.
• He had a huge kingdom but he did not know how to manage it efficiently like Harshvardhana.
• Hence Harshvardhana was a better king.

Correct option is (A) 1

The ideal Vishnu temple.

• Harshvardhana was a great king.
• He would take care of his kingdom personally.
• He had divided his daily routine into three parts:

A. State administration
B. Public welfare
C. Religious duties.

A. State administration:

Harshvardhana used to keep personal watch on the administration of his state.

• He was very just and regular in conducting his administrative duties.
• He used to travel extensively in different parts of his empire to supervise the administration of his kingdom.
• He had sub-divided his administration work among different posts like the state commander of the army, Pratihara (Dwarpal), Sandhivigrahika (Foreign Minister), Rajdoot (Messenger), Parrajya Mantri (Minister of External Affairs), Maha Dandanayka (Chief Justice), Aksharpatalika (Registrar), etc.
• All these people helped in speedy and efficient administration of the state.

B. Public welfare:

•  Harshvardhana’s prime focus was the welfare of his subjects.
• Infact, Harshvardhana would get so much engrossed in public welfare that he would forget to take his meals.
• He built many rest houses, inns, step wells, well, lakes, mathas, chaityas and viharas for the welfare of his people.

C. Religious duties:

• King Harshvardhana was a very religious person.
• He held a Buddhist religious meeting in his kingdom every year.
• Every five years, he organized a religious congregation at Prayag.
• He donated lavishly in this congregation.
• In fact, he used to donate his entire treasury in the congregation.
• He would even donate the ornaments on his body and give them away as charity during the congregation.
• He even prohibited killing of animals.

Correct option is (A) Chalukya