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Limitations of Television Advertising: 

1. Television advertising is very costly and only well-established firms can afford it. 

2. Television advertisements have a very short life and back reference is not possible thus they do not express much about the product. 

3. It is not flexible as the immediate changes in advertisement are not possible. 

4. It involves complicated procedure. Producing the TV advertisement involves hiring advertising agency, video editors, actors and script writers. 

5. Television commercials have to abide by the broadcast code strictly

The colors of a resistance of 470 Ω ± 5% is Yellow, Violet, Brown, Gold.

(i) If the refractive index of the material increases, the angle of deviation also increases. 

(ii) Lesser the wavelength of light, greater is the angle of deviation.

No

Because when light goes from a denser medium to a rarer one, the refracted Ray moves away from the normal. Hence it's possible for there to exist a particular angle of incidence (critical angle) such that the refracted Ray makes an angle of 90 degrees.

In the other case, when the light goes from rarer to denser medium, light bends towards the normal, thus there wouldn't exist any angle of incidence for which the refracted Ray becomes 90 degrees with the normal.

The Chota Nagpur industrial region is also known as the ‘Ruhr of India’ because : 

• Different types of minerals like coal, iron ore, bauxite, mica, etc., are available in this region. 

• The availability of different types of minerals have helped in the development of different types of mineral-based industries like iron and steel industry, etc.

1-Assess your parent's needs.

2-Think about your own needs and abilities.

3-Include your parent in the process.

4-Understand the financial situation.

5-Take care of home safety basics.

6-Make sure communication is simple and accessible.

7-Explore available aging care options.

8-5 Important Legal Documents for Caregivers.

Ecosystem: An Ecosystem is a complex set of relationship among the living resources habitats and residents of an area but changing global pattern of land use have had a significant negative effect on ecosystem.

There is a biotic balance in an ecosystem, which makes it possible to sustain the various interdependent members (plant and animal life). Ecosystem maintains a very delicate balance. Various human activities have been done to disrupt this balance and destroy the world’s ecosystems.

Adverse effect of mining on ecosystem:

1. It causes deforestation and removal of vegetation. In order to construct a mine large amount of land has to be cleared off trees and vegetation. This is bad for environment. 

2. The waste material remaining after the valuable minerals have been extracted is called tailing. These tailings are generally made up of hazardous material. Dust from these tailings causes air pollution. 

3. Chemical like arsenic and iron are very harmful. When it rains these chemicals find their way to ground water, surrounding water bodies and soil. This pollutes water bodies as well as affects agriculture.

Privatization: Privatization means the transfer of managerial control of any public sector units to any private entrepreneur or to any private corporate body is called privatization.

Arguments against Privatization in India are:

1. Social welfare aspect is neglected: Main motive of the private sector enterprises is to earn maximum profits. Thus, the social welfare aspect is being neglected. 

2. Growth of monopoly power: Privatization may lead to the growth of monopoly power in the industry and services sectors. The weak Indian companies may either be closed down or taken over by some big companies. Ultimately the monopoly power of multi-national companies will grow more and more which would not be in the interest of economic development. 

3. Misutilization of resources: The private sector in India has been wasting away valuable resources in the name of securing profits by opting for obsolete technology and producing shoddy products. It depends entirely on Government technologies or imported know-how.

‘Efficiency of Labour’: The amount of work which a labourer can do within a given time. —Dr. Saxena

In other words, efficiency of labour refers to the quantity and quality of goods and services which can be produced during a given period under certain prevailing conditions. 

Three factors that determine the efficiency of labour:

1. General and Technical Education: The general education broadens the knowledge, develops the intellect and improves the skill of a person. The technical education provides knowledge to a worker concerning different systems of work of the productive units. All these make an educated person more efficient and better in skill, as compared to an uneducated and untrained person.

2. Experience: The practical experience of work is gained by the worker during the training period. After that, he becomes perfect by doing day-to-day work, regularly and repeatedly. Simultaneously his efficiency also goes on increasing. Thus, an experienced worker is usually more efficient than an inexperienced one.

3. Climatic Factors: Climatic differences also affect the efficiency of labour Working under extreme climatic conditions is always more difficult than working in the temperate zones.

4. Working Conditions: A healthy and conducive work environment increases the level of efficiency. The facilities enjoyed by the worker determine labour efficiency to a significant extent. Employer-employee relations are also an important part of the work-environment. An employer, therefore, can contribute to labour efficiency by building a cordial relationship with his workers. (any three)

Privatization: “Refers to the sale of all or parts of a government’s equity in state owned enterprises to the private sector.”

Privatization means the transfer of managerial control of any public sector units to any private entrepreneur or to any private corporate body is called privatization.

Arguments in favour of privatization:

1. Greater flexibility in making decisions: Sometimes PSUs suffer losses just due to inadequate autonomy in the ‘decision making power’ of the management. If the PSUs are privatised, then the production and investment decisions of the management would be free from any Government intervention, and they would be purely guided by profit motive.

2. Improvement in Managerial Efficiency: Privatization is a means of improvement in managerial efficiency because the private sector is almost free from political interference.

When many areas of industial production are opened up for the private sector enterprises, then their investment in the industrial sector is expected to increase to a large extent. Higher investment would mean creation of greater employment and income opportunities within the economy.

Arguments against privatisation: 

1. Social welfare aspect is neglected: The private sector enterprises operate mainly for the maximisation of profit. Hence this measure does not guarantee the social welfare of the common people. 

2. Imbalanced regional development: Industries requiring huge investment but yielding low returns are not taken over by the private sector.

It is a true estimate of Miranda that her appeal lies in her sweet innocence, gentle nature and pure selfless love for Ferdinand. This is seen when Miranda believes that people have perished in the shipwreck and she says “O, I have suffered with those that I saw suffer.” She further states, “O the cry did knock against my very heart!” and wishes if “I had been any gou of power, I would have sunk the sea within the earth; or ere, it should the good ship so have swallowed and the fraughting souls within her.”

When Miranda meets Ferdinand for the first time, she says, “What is’t a spirit?” She says to her father “Believe me Sir, It carries a brave form; but tis a spirit”, as she had so far only seen her father and Caliban. She takes Ferdinand to be a spirit but Prospero tells her that he is a human being and she falls in love, i.e., love at first sight. She finds Ferdinand to be noble, but is shocked to see her father behave in a strange manner and requests him to be kind and gentle towards him.

Miranda is convinced that Ferdinand is one in whom “Nothing” can dwell in such a temple. When Prospero orders Ferdinand to be obedient to his commands, Miranda pleads for him to her father, “Dear father, Make not too rash a trial of him, for He’s gentle and not fearful.” On being rebuked by her father, she implores mercy on behalf of Ferdinand and says, “Sir, have piti,: I’ll be his surety”. It is an example of her innocence.

She tries to convince Ferdinand by saying, “my father’s of a better nature, sir, than he appears by speech.” When her father says that there are better-looking men in the world than Ferdinand, she says, “My affections are then most humble; I have no ambition to see a goodlier man!”

On seeing Ferdinand carrying logs of wood, against the orders of her father, she goes to meet him and is even willing to carry that for him. She finds the task so hard and laborious that she remorses by saying, “when this (logs) bums I will weep for having wearied you,” and then she asks him to take some rest.

Miranda is an example of innocence and straightforwardness. Her conversation with Ferdinand lacks cunningness and shrewdness. She is overjoyed when told that Ferdinand also loves her, and she considers herself to be very lucky to have his love as a great reward.

Case Study:

1. The tax paid by the person on whom it is legally imposed is called direct tax. In other words, Taxes imposed on receipt of income are called direct taxes. 

Example: 

1. Income Tax. 

2. Capital Gain Tax.

2. Direct tax can foster social consciousness as person knows that he is paying a tax he feels conscious towards his rights. He claims the right to know how the government uses his money. Civic sense is thus developed. He behaves as a responsible citizen.

3. Taxes in which the rate of tax increases, with the increase in tax base are called progressive direct taxes.

Progressive tax: A tax is called progressive when the rate of taxation increases as the tax payer’s income increases.

Exaniple: 

Income tax. A direct tax is equitable in the sense that it is levied according to the taxable capacity of the people. The rate of direct taxes, like the income tax, can be fixed in such a way that the higher the income of a person, the greater is the tax rate.

4. Two demerits of direct tax:

1. Inconvenient: The greatest drawbacks of direct taxes is that they put the taxpayer to a lot of botheration and inconvenience. Sometimes, the taxpayer is called to pay the entire tax in one installment. 

2. Evadable: By submitting false return of income, some people evade the tax. That is why a direct tax is called as ‘A Tax on Honesty’.

Direct taxes inculcate a spirit of civic and social responsibility amongst the taxpayers in the sense that the taxpayers feel that they have contributed to the cause of the society.

At 6 a.m. on 26th June, 1975, members of the Union Cabinet were faced with the fact that an Emergency had been declared. The first step the Congress Government took was to jail leaders and legislators of opposition ‘ parties, student activists, trade unionists or anyone with the slightest connection to the Jana Sangh, The Congress (O), The Socialists or other groups opposed to the Congress including Jayprakash Narayan, Morarji Desai and the Rajmatas of Gwalior and Jaipur. 

Thousands were arrested under MISA- Maintenance of Internal Security Act. The Prime Minister said that there was a need for a ‘New Spirit of Discipline and Morale’. Government copywriters began to churn out slogans such as ‘Discipline Makes the Nation Great’. ‘Talk Less, Work More’, ‘Be Indian, Buy Indian’, “Efficiency is our Watchword”. The New Economic Programme was put through. The slogan was “Garibi Hatao”. The Prime Minister offered the ‘20 Point Programme for Economic Progress’ which promised a reduction in prices of essential commodities, speedy imple-mentation of land reforms, the abolition of indebtedness and of bonded labour, higher wages for workers and lower income taxes for the middle class. 

A series of Constitutional Amendments were passed. The 38th Amendment passed on 22nd July, 1975 barred Judicial Review of the Emergency. The 39th Amendment stated that the election of the Prime Minister could not be challenged by the Supreme Court, but only by a body constituted by Parliament. The Supreme Court, too, supported the Government by ruling that detentions without trial were legal under the new dispensation. The 42nd Amendment gave unprecedented powers to the Parliament. It could now extend its own term. Laws passed by the Parliament were immune from judicial scrutiny and strengthened the powers of the Center over the State. 

In January 1976, when the term of the DMK Government ended in Tamil Nadu, the Center ordered President’s Rule. The same was applied to Gujarat. This is how the Congress made itself supreme all over India. 

Most importantly, freedom of the Press was curbed. A system of pre-censorship was put in place whereby editors had to submit for scrutiny and approval of any article that criticized the Government. There were guidelines as to what constituted and what did not constitute as news. Even jokes and cartoons tinged with satire were forbidden. 

The Congress Government supported the programme of Sanjay Gandhi who formulated a 5-Point Programme to complement his mother’s 20-Point Programme. These dealt with family planning, afforestation, abolition of dowry, removal of illiteracy and slums. It was his forced sterilization programme and indiscriminate bull dozing of slums that finally led to the downfall of Indira Gandhi and the Congress Government.

Frequency of Meeting : Section 173 of the Act deals with Meetings of the Board and Section 174 deals with quorum. The Act provides that the first Board meeting should be held within thirty days of the date of incorporation. 

In addition to the first meeting to be held within thirty days of the date of incorporation, there shall be minimum of four Board meetings every year and not more than one hundred and twenty days shall intervene between two consecutive Board meetings. 

In case of One Person Company (OPC). small company and dormant company, at least one Board meeting should be conducted in each half of the calendar year and the gap between two meetings should not be less than Ninety days.

(i) Two uses of securities premium as stated in Section 78 of the Companies Act, 1956 are : 

(ii) (a) To issue fully paid bonus shares to the shareholders. 

(b) To write off discount on issue of shares and debentures

(iii) 

(iv) The total value of abnormal loss is not to be recorded in the Joint Venture Account. However, any claim received from the Insurance Company is to be credited to the Joint Venture Account.

(v) Following are the two instances when a partner’s fixed capital may change : 

(vi) • When fresh or additional capital has been introduced by a partner.

(vii) • When an amount has been withdrawn by a partner to reduce his capital.

(viii) The following would be the effect: It would result in a decrease in the Debt Equity Ratio.

(ix) Trade investments are long-term investments made by a company in the shares and debentures of another company (not including its subsidiaries).

(x) Profit and Loss Appropriation A/c Dr. 60,000 

To General Reserve A/c 60,000 

(Being 20% of profit transferred to General Reserve)

(i) The operating cycle is the average period of time required for a business to make an initial outlay . of cash to produce goods, sell the goods, and receive cash from customers in exchange for the goods.

(ii) Partner’s capital account is his contribution (equity) towards partnership. It is initial and, subsequent contributions by partner to the partnership, in the form of either cash or the market value of other types of assets.

While running a business, one or more of the owners or partners will lend the business money to keep it afloat during a rough time or to increase cash flow and fund growth. This is treated as Partner’s loan account. Interest may also be paid on this account as per the agreement of partnership contract.

(iii) Commission allowed to” a partner is recorded in the newly opened Current Accounts. Commission Account Dr. To Partner’s Current Account

(iv) When the actual expenses are paid by the firm on behalf of a partner the following entry will be recorded:

Partner’s capital A/c Dr 

To Bank A/c

(v) Goods Sent on Joint Venturer A/c Dc

To Joint Venture with …. A/c

(vi) When the forfeited shares are reissued at a discount, the amount of discount should not exceed the amount credited to Share Forfeited Account. If the discount allowed on reissue of shares is less than the forfeited amount, there will be some balance left in the Forfeited Account, which should be transferred to capital reserve, because it is a profit of capital nature.

1. Reducing income inequality: State fulfill the objective of reducing income inequality by taxation policy, the government makes it sure that the burden of tax is not falling on the poor section of the society. Similarly, when the government spells expenditure policy, it always attempts to benefit the lower income group of society. If the government decides about finances without caring for the social structure of the country the purpose of public finance i.e. removal of poverty and reduction of economic inequality would be affected.

2. Promoting industrial growth: The participation and support of the state affects the process of industrialization in less developed countries. For strong industrial base establishment of iron and steels industry, heavy chemical industry etc. is must. But, as this requires huge investments and long gestation period, the private investors do not come forward. Therefore, the development of such basic industries depends upon the initiative taken by the Government.

The state also extends support to the industrial sector by: 

1. Creating proper transport and communication facility. 

2. Supply of institutional credit. 

3. Setting of power projects.

3. Environmental protection: State fulfill the objective by protecting the environment in the following ways. 

Many policies and strategies laid down by Indian Government:

1. The Water Act of 1974 (Prevention and Control of Pollution) 

2. Air Act (1981) 

3. GEMS (Global Environment Monitoring System) 

4. Ganga Action Plan (GAP) 

5. Industrial pollution control was started in 1993-94 

6. Using alternative fuel like CNG for public transport.

Camp David Accord (1979) was condemned by PLO and most of the Arab states except Sudan and Morocco. 

President Sadat was assassinated by some extremist Muslim soldiers. They believed the Arabs had been betrayed by him by signing the Camp David Accord with Israel and trying to make peace with them. However, Sadat’s successor Hosni Mubarak also decided to continue with the Camp David Accord. 

Iraq-Iran war occupied the Arabs for few years and Arab-Israeli feud got overshadowed. 

Tensions arose one again when there was massive demonstration by the Palestinians who lived as refugees along Gaza Strip and the West Bank. They protested against repressive Israeli rules and policies and the brutal behaviour of the Israeli army in the refugee camps in the occupied territories. Israelis tried to clamp down the unrest with tough measures but it earned them condemnation from the UN and rest of the world. 

America kept pressuring both the nations to settle for peace. Situations changed after election in Israel in June 1992. Yitzhak Rabin, the new Prime Minister of Israel and PLO leader Yasser Arafat both agreed for lasting peace. 

This led to the Oslo Peace Accord of September 1993. The main terms of this treaty were: – 

• Israel formally recognized PLO. 

• PLO recognized Israel and committed , to give up terrorism. 

• The Palestinians were to be given limited self-rule in Jericcho, on the West Bank and in part of the Gaza Strip, areas that were occupied by Israel since the 1967 war. Israeli troops would be withdrawn from these areas. The areas would be ruled by a Parliament or Palestinian Council of 88 members that were to be elected in 1966 by all West Bankers and Arab residents of Jerusalem aged over 18. 

• Around 6000 Palestinian prisoners held by Israel were to be released in three phases. 

The leaders of different countries welcomed this bold attempt and hoped that it would bring peace. 

There were many extremists of both sides, who were ashamed of this treaty and claimed that the leaders were guilty of this surrender. Yitzak Rabin, the Prime Minister of Israel was assassinated by a right wing extremist. 

King Hussein of Jordan made an official visit to Israel for the first time, 1200 Palestinian prisoners were released, and talks went on between Syria and Israel. 

Elections were held as promised. Yasser Arafat became the Palestinian President with huge majority. 

However, tensions continue between the Arab states and Israel and there are often bomb shelling and attacks.

Two powers enjoyed exclusively by the Rajya Sabha are: 

The power to declare a subject of State List as a subject of national importance. Under Article 249, the Rajya Sabha can pass a resolution by 2/3rd majority of its members for declaring a subject of the State List as a subject of national importance.

Power in respect of creation or abolition of an All India Service. Art. 312 of the Constitution empowers the Rajya Sabha to create one or more new All India Services. It can do so by passing a resolution supported by 2/3rd majority on the plea of national

The Prime Minister of Britain Clement Atlee, declared on February 20,1947, in the House of Commons that the British would quit India after transferring power to the responsible hands, not later than June, 1948. The idea was that the Indians should settle their issues before that. He also announced the appointment of Lord Mountbatten as Viceroy in place of Lord Wavell.

Inheritance provides the concept of reusability. 

import jave.i0.*; 

public class employee

{

public static void main (string args [ ]) throws IO Exception

{

int basic; double bra da, pf, n pay,gross;

gross = 0

Input Stream Reader read = new Input Stream Reader (System.in);

Buffered Reader in = new Buffered Reader (read); 

System.out.printIn (“Enter basic salary”);

basic = Integer.parseInt (in.read Line ( ));

da = basic * 25/100

hra = basic * 15/100

pf = basic * 8.33/100;

npay = da + hra + basics; gross = npay – pf; 

System.out.printIn (“The net pay =” + npay); 

System.out.printIn (“The gross pay =” + gross);

}

}

import java.io.*; 

import java.util.Scanner; 

class ChangeLetter { 

public static void main(String args[ ]) throws IOException { 

Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); 

System.out.print(“Enter String in lowercase:”); 

String str 1 = sc.next( ); strl = “” +strl; 

String str2 = ” “: 

for (int i = 0; i<strl.lenght(); i+ +) {

if(strl ,charAt(i) = = “) { 

str2 = str2 + ” +Character. 

toUpperCase(strl.charAt(i+l)); i+ + ; 

}. 

else str2= str2 + strl.charAt(i); 

} 

System.out.println(str2.trim( )); 

} 

}

public class Fibonacci

{

public static void main ( )

{

int a, b, c;

a = 0

b = 1; 

c = 0;

n = 3;

System.out.printIn (“The series is”);

System.out.printIn (a);

System.out.printIn  (b);

do // You can use any loop. Do while loop is comparatively straight forward.

{

c = a + b; 

System.out.println(c);

a = b;

b = c;

n = n + 1;

}

while (n<=10); 

}

}

public class dsymmetric

{

public static void main (String args [ ])

{

int i, j, k;

k = 0;

int m [ ] [ ] = new int [3] [3] ;

System.out.print In (“The no. of matrix one”); 

for (i = 0; i < 3; i ++)

{

for (j = 0; j < 3; j ++)

{

System.out.print (m [i] [j] + “ ”); 

}

System.out.printIn ();

}

for (i = 0; i < 3; i ++)

{ 

for (j = 0; j x 3; j ++)

{

eg (m[i][j] ! = m [j][i] k = 1; 

}

}

if (k = 0)

System.out.print In (“It is symmetric”);

else

System.out.print In (“It is not symmetric”);

}

} 

import java.io.*;

class no

{

public void check ( ) throws IO Exception

{

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader (new InputStreamReader(System.in));

int num;

String str;

System.out.printIn(“Enter zero to quit”);

do

{

str=br.readLine ( ); 

num=Integer.parseInt (str);

if (num %2==0) 

System.out.printIn(“odd”);

}

while (num !=0); 

} 

} 

import java.io.*;

class factors

{

public static void main(int n).

{

int a;

for (a=1; a<=n;a++)

{

if (n%a==0)

System.out.printIn(a+”is a factor of” +n);

}

}

}

public class triangle

{

public static void main (String args [ ]) throws IOException

{

int a, b, c;

a = 0;

b = 0;

c = 0;

InputStreamReader read = new InputStreamReader(System in); 

BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader (read);

System.out.printIn(“Enter three sides”);

a = Integer.parseInt(in.readLine( ));

b = Integer.parseInt (in.readLine( )); 

c = Integer.parseInt (in.readLine( ));

if (a==b) && (b==c)

{

System.out.printIn(“Equilateral Triangle”);

}

else if ((a==b) || (b==c) || (c==a))

{

System.out.printIn (“Isosceles triangle”);

}

else if((a!=b) && (b!=c) && (c!=a))

{

System.out.printIn (“Scalene triangle”);

}

}

}

There is a need for rapid industrialization in India because :

(i) For defence pruposes

(ii) To reduce dependency on foreign countries, 

(iii) For balance of trade.

import java.io.*;

class days

{

public static void main ( ) throws IOException

{

in a, b, c, y, d; 

InputStreamReader read=new InputStreamReader(System.in);

BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(read); System.out.printIn(“Enter the no. of days”); 

a = Integer.parseInt(in.readLine ( ));

y = a/365

b-a%365

c = b/30;

d = b%30;

System.out.printIn(“Years=”+y);

System.out.printIn(“Months=”+c); 

System.out.printIn(“Days=”+d); 

}} 

Its apparent depth as observed by the observer is 9 cm

When exposed to air, washing, soda crystals lose their water of crystallisation and become amorphous.

The phenomenon is called efflorescence.

The crystals of washing soda when exposed to air, it loses its water of crystallisation crystals crumbles down to form white powder. The phenomenon is called Efflorescence.

Subhash Chandra Bose won the elections for the President of Indian National Congress (INC) at the Tripuri Session in 1939 by defeating Gandhiji’s candidate Pattabhai Sitara-maiyya. Following this, Gandhiji and other members in his support made it impossible for Subhash Chandra Bose to work efficiently in the committee. Problems began in the formation of the Working Committee. Subhash Chandra Bose had to ultimately resign from the post of Congress President. He thus formed Forward Bloc in May, 1939.

(i)  The centre of gravity of a ring is situated at the centre of ring.

(ii)  The centre of gravity of a rectangular lamina is situated at the point of intersection of its diagonals.

(i) It belongs to class-II lever.

(ii) If local is shifted towards the fulcrum.

Mechanical advantage will increase (M · A> 1)

(i) In vaccume light or any electromagnetic wave velocity is always constant 3 × 108 m/s and it does not depend on wavelength or frequency.

(ii) As we know v  n, where v = velocity and „n‟ is frequency, therefore frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength. therefore wavelength of 4000Å will have more frequency.

Measures for the up liftment of the tribes are as follows : 

Constitutional safeguards: 

1. Ar. 15 provides equal rights and opportunities to all the citizen of India. 

2. Ar. 16(4), 320 (4) and 335 reserves seats for the tribal people in employment opportunities. Reservation of seats in the legislatures. 

LAMPS : Large-sized Multipurpose Co¬operative Societies were established in the tribal societies to give. 

1. Productive / unproductive loans. 

2. Sale of surplus produce and purchase of necessities of tribal life. 

3. Supply of modem agricultural inputs like seeds, fertilizers etc. 

The 20-point programme that focused on the development of the ST’s, assisting tribal families to aid them to cross the poverty line. 

Tribal Panchasheela : 

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru laid down five principles which stated : 

1. Nothing should be imposed on the tribal people.

2. Tribal rights in forests and land to be respected.

3. Over-administration of tribal area not allowed. 

4. Tribal people to be trained to help them build their own team. 

5. Money not to be used as a measuring rod to adjudge human development. 

Medical and Educational Facilities have been improved in the tribal areas. 

Encouragement of crafts and Home Industries : Both the old and new tribal craft, handicraft industries are encouraged. 

E.g. : Shilpo Melas (Artisan Fairs).

The PFA Act (Prevention of Food Adulteration) is an act formulated by the Govt, in 1954. It prescribe the minimum requirements for all categorizes of food. Conditions: 

• If the food contain added inferior and cheaper substances. 

• If it does not satisfy all the standards prescribed by the authorities. 

• If the food is prepared, packed and stored under unsanitary conditions.

These are some conditions which are used by PFA to categorizes food as adulterated.

(c) Neutrons

An ampere is that much current which when flowing through each of the two infinitely long straight conductor placed in vacuum 1 metre apart results in a force of 2 × 10^-7 Nm^-1 on each of the conductors

class maxmin 

{ 

public static void main() 

{ 

int [ ]n = {2,5,4,1,3}; 

int h=n[0]; 

int l=n[0];

int s=0; 

for(int i=0; i<n.lenght; i++)

{

if (h<n[i])

{

h=n[i] 

} 

if (i<n[i])

{

l=n[i]; 

} 

s=s+n[i]; 

} 

System.out.println(“Minimum Value :”+l); 

System.out.println(“Maximum Value :”+h); 

System.out.println(“The Sum of the elements :”+s); 

} 

}

import java.io.*; 

class abc 

{ 

public static void main() throws IOException 

{

InputStreamReader ir=new 

InputStreamReader(System.in); 

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(ir); 

String str, word, wrd=“ ”; char ch; int c=0; 

System.out.println(“Enter A sentence”); str=br.readLine( ); 

str=str.trim( ); 

System.out.println(“Enter a word to be searched”); word=br.readLine( ); 

str=str + “ ”; 

for(int i=0; i<str.length(); i++)

{

ch=str.charAt(i); 

if (ch! = ‘ ’) 

{ 

wrd=wrd+ch; 

} 

else 

{ 

if(word.equals(wrd))

 { 

c++; 

} 

wrd=“ ”; 

} 

} 

System.out.println(“searched word occurs”+c); 

} 

}

import java.io.*; 

class Palin { 

int num; 

int revnum; 

Palin() {

 num = 0; revnum = 0; 

} 

void accept() throws IOException { 

BufferedReader y = new 

BufferedReader(new 

InputStreamReader(System.in)); 

System.out.print("Enter the Number:"); 

String a = y. readLine(); 

num = Integer.parselnt(a); 

} 

int reverse(int y) { 

int len = (y + " ").length(); 

if(len ==1) { 

return y; 

} 

else 

{ 

return(((y%10)* (int) Math.powf 10. len - 1)) + reverse(y /10)); } 

} 

void check() { 

revnum = reverse(num); 

if(num == revnum) { 

System.out.println("\n Nrnnber is palindrome"); 

} 

else { 

System.out.println("\n Number is not palindrome"); 

} 

} 

public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { 

Palin p = new Palin(); 

p.accept(); 

p.check(); 

} 

}

import java.io.*; 

class Temp 

{ 

public static void main(String arg[ ])throws IOException 

{ 

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

int choice; 

double f=0, c=0; 

System.out.println(“Menu”); 

System.out.printing(“Fahrenheit to Celsius”); 

System.out.println(“2.Celsius to Fahrenheit”); 

System.out.println(“3.Wrong choice.Re-enter”); 

System.out.println(“Enter your choice(l-3):”); 

choice=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine()); 

switch(choice) { case 1 : System.out.println(“Enter the value of Fahrenheit”); 

f=Double.parseDouble(br.readLine()); c=5/9 * (f-32); 

System.out.println(“Temperature Fahrenheit to Celsius =”+c); 

break; 

case 2 : 

System.out.println(“Enter the value of Celsius”); 

c=Double.parseDouble(br.readLine()); 

f=1.8*(c+32); 

System.out.println(“Celsius to Fahrenheit =”+f); 

break; 

default : 

System.out.println(“Wrong choice! Re-enter”); 

break; 

} 

} 

}

class palin 

{ 

public static void palin(String s) 

{ 

int l=s.length();

int i, j=l-1; 

int x=0; 

for(i=0; i<1/2; i ++)

{

if(s.charAl(i)!=s.charAt(j)) 

{ 

x=l; 

break; 

} 

j – – ; 

} 

if(x==0) 

{ 

System.out.println(“The word is Palindrome”); 

} 

else 

{ 

System.out.println(“The word is not Palindrome”); 

} 

}

class palin 

{ 

public static void palin(String s) 

{ 

int l=s.length();

int i, j=l-1; 

int x=0; 

for(i=0; i<1/2; i ++)

{

if(s.charAl(i)!=s.charAt(j)) 

{ 

x=l; 

break; 

} 

j – – ; 

} 

if(x==0) 

{ 

System.out.println(“The word is Palindrome”); 

} 

else 

{ 

System.out.println(“The word is not Palindrome”); 

} 

}

Since the fringe width is directly proportional to the wavelength of light, the fringe width will be maximum with red light.